Nilum. Cic. Hortens. in Nonius p. 240 alterius ingenium, sicut acetum Aegyptium, acre. Mart. XIII 122 amphora Niliaci non sit tibi vilis aceti. | esset cum vinum, vilior illa fuit.

86—119 Some make chance all in all, and believing in no ruler of the world, swear without a shudder by any altar you please. Another believes that there are gods, and yet forecasts thus with himself. With my body let Isis deal as she will, and with angry rattle strike blindness upon my eyes, if only even sightless I may clutch the foresworn coin. 'Tis worth while to buy wealth by consumption, rotten sores and a crippled thigh. Let Ladas, if not stark-mad, (needing hellebore of Anticyra or prescriptions of Archigenes) not hesitate in his need to pray for the rich man's gout: for what is he the better for the fame of fleetness and the hunger-starved branch of Olympia's olivewreath? Can he feast on praise? The wrath of the gods may be heavy, it is assuredly tardy: if they are concerned to punish all the guilty, when will my turn come round? Besides I may perchance, as some do, appease their wrath; if one man's crimes bring him to a cross, another's win a crown.' Thus the perjurer steels his heart against fear, nay drags you to the temple to hear his oaths: acting a farce all the time, like the runaway buffoon in Catullus. You shout like Stentor or Mars in Homer: 'Iuppiter, dost thou hear and yet not move the lip, when thou should'st speak even though of stone or brass? Else why do we drop incense and offer heifer's liver and hog's caul on thy altar? For aught I see, choice there is none between the images of you gods and the statue of Vagellius.'

86 seq. Luc. VI 445-55 sunt nobis nulla profecto | numina: cum caeco rapiantur saecula casu, | mentimur regnare Iovem... | ...mortalia nulli | sunt curata deo.

On this

SUNT QUI etc. with conj. IV 70. V 73. VI 73. 480. VIII 36. IX 112. with ind. V 130 (plurima sunt, quae). Vi 259 (hae sunt, quae). XIII 223 (hi sunt, qui). In these latter exx. the subject is expressed, which makes the difference (Kiaer). 87 NULLO RECTORE cf. me duce Madvig § 277. Epicurean denial of Providence, see Quintil. v 6 § 3 the party who declines to receive his adversary's oath et iniquam condicionem et a multis contemni iuris iurandi metum dicet, cum etiam philosophi quidam sint reperti, qui deos agere curam rerum humanarum negarent.

88 VICES ET LUCIS ET ANNI Claud. in Ruf. 1 5 6 annique meatus et lucis noctisque vices. 89 QUAECUMQUE quaelibet X 359 n. Some altars, e.g. the ara maxima Herculis, were specially sacred DH. I 40 fin. ALTARIA XIV 219 n. Mart. IX 43 9 hunc puer ad Libycas

iuraverat Hannibal aras. III 2 §§ 7-9.

TANGUNT XIV 219 n.

V 33. So in prayer Macrob. Sat.

91 PUTAT ESSE DEOS Sen. contr. 2 § 8 tu, cum tam innocens quam dicis vixeris, ista passa credis deos esse? Ennius in Cic. de divin. II § 104 ego deum genus esse semper dixi et dicam caelitum, sed eos non curare opinor, quid agat humanum genus. Cic. de inv. 1 § 46 probable opinions: impiis apud inferos poenas esse praeparatas; eos, qui philosophiae dent operam, non arbitrari deos esse.

ET 'and yet' VII 124 n. Tert. apol. 37 hesterni sumus et vestra omnia implevimus. Cic. Tusc. I § 6 Kühner.

PEIERAT Cic. de inv. 1 § 46 in eo genere, quod fere fieri solet, probabile huiusmodi est...:...'si avarus est, neglegit ius iurandum.'

ITA SECUM (loquitur) x 256 haec eadem Peleus. VI 87. 193. XI 5.

92 CORPORE per salutem meam, per caput (Liv. XXVI 48 § 12), per oculos, were usual forms of oaths.

93 ISIS on the worship of this Egyptian goddess in Rome cf. XII 28 n. Plin. II § 21 externis famulantur sacris.

LUMINA on which a curse may have been invoked Ov. Pont. I I 51-54 vidi ego linigerae numen violasse fatentem | Isidos Isiacos ante sedere focos. | alter ob huic similem privatus lumine culpam | clamabat media se meruisse via. anthol. Pal. xi 115 ἤν τιν' ἔχῃς ἐχθρόν, Διονύσιε, μὴ καταράσῃ τὴν Ἶσιν τούτῳ, μηδὲ τὸν Αρποκράτην, | μηδ' εἴ τις τυφλοὺς ποιεῖ @eós. Compare the legends of Tiresias, Stesichorus and Appius Claudius Caecus.

SISTRO (σeîσтρov oeiw). Luc. VIII 831 832 nos in templa tuam Romana accepimus Ísin | ...et sistra iubentia luctus. id. x 63 of Cleopatra terruit illa suo, si fas, Capitolia sistro. Plut. Is. et Osir. 63 τοῦ δὲ σείστρου περιφεροὺς ἄνωθεν ὄντος ἡ ἁψὶς TepléXEL Tà σeibμevа тéттapa. See Rich. Forcellini. also the figures on the walls of the temple of Isis (in Donaldson's Pompeii I or Overbeck or Dyer). Several are in the British museum, at Naples and at Berlin.

94-95 VEL CAECUS...DIMIDIUM CRUS contrast Matt. 18 8. 95 PHTHISIS Scribon. 186 minutatimque per tabem quasi phthisici consumuntur.

VOMICAE Forcellini. Sen. ep. 68 § 8.

96 TANTI X 97 n. 'et phthisin et cetera ea condicione (ut lucrum faciam) subire operae pretium est.' MADVIG comparing Ov. m. II 424 aut si rescierit, sunt o sunt iurgia tanti 'i.e. subeantur iurgia, non recuso in hac causa.' Mart. I 12 11 12 nunc et damna žuvant, sunt ipsa pericula tanti: | stantia non poterant

tecta probare deos. Add Sen. ben. VI 22 fin. is it worth while that the world should go to ruin, merely to refute you? est tanti, ut tu coarguaris, ista concidere? Fronto ad M. Caes. 11 14 p. 37 Naber tanti est minus lucubrare, ut te maturius videam. LOCUPLETEM PODAGRAM cf. 99 esuriens ramus. 93 irato sistro. Aristoph. Plut. 560 schol. Poverty boasts that she turns out better men, mind and body, than Plutos: Tapa T μev yap TodayрwvTES. Mart. XII 17 you complain, Lucrinus, that fever will not quit you; it takes the air with you, bathes with you, dines on oysters, truffles, sow's paunch, boar; is often drunk on Setine and Falernian, and drinks only Caecuban in iced water: circumfusa rosis et nigra recumbit amomo, | dormit et in pluma purpureoque toro. | cum recubet pulchre, cum tam bene vivat apud te, ad Damam potius vis tua febris eat?

97 LADAS there were two Olympic victors of this name: one probably an Argive, victor in the dóλxos (near the Eurotas Paus, III 21 § 1 Λᾴδα μνῆμά ἐστιν ἀκύτητι ὑπερβαλλομένου ποδῶν TOùs ¿p' avтoû); the other an Achaean of Aegium, victor in the orddiov (ib.), in the 125th Ol. B.C. 281 (id. X 23 § 14). The more famous Argive had a statue in the temple of the Lykian Apollo at Argos (id. II 19 § 7). another by Myro is celebrated in the anthol. (cited on 99). In Arkadia, near Petrosaka, was shewn (Paus. VIII 12 § 5) Λάδα στάδιον, ἐς ὃ ἐποιεῖτο Λᾴδας με Nérny Spóuov. Some suppose that Myro's statue was in Olympia, but removed to Rome before the time of Paus. which would account for his silence respecting it and for the familiarity of Roman writers with the name. The fleetness of L. became proverbial. Catull. 55 24 25 non si Pegaseo ferar volatu. ¡ non Ladas ego pinnipesve Perseus. anthol. Pal. XVI 53 Aádas rò otáδιον εἴθ ̓ ἥλατο, εἴτε διέπτη, | δαιμόνιον τὸ τάχος, οὐδὲ φράσαι duvarov. Mart. X 100 5 6 habeas licebit alterum pedem Ladae, | inepte, frustra crure ligneo curres. Friedländer thinks that a contemporary of Martial's may have assumed the name.

ANTICYRA a poor man though fleet of foot as Ladas, unless he be be crazy (needing therefore the hellebore of Anticyra) will pray for riches even with the gout. Two towns of this name produced hellebore: one in Phokis on a bay (sinus Anticyranus) of the Corinthian gulf (Strabo 418 Antikyra, bearing the same name with that on the Maliac gulf and mount Oeta; here they say τὸν ἑλλέβορον φύεσθαι τὸν ἀστεῖον, ἐνταῦθα δὲ σκευάζεσθαι βέλτιον, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἀποδημεῖν δεῦρο πολλούς, καθάρσεως καὶ θεραπείας χάριν. black hellebore still grows in profusion on the hill above the site), the other on the Maliac gulf, near the mouth of the Spercheus (Hdt. VII 198. Strabo 418. 428). cf. Hor. s. II 3 82-3. 166.

98 ARCHIGENE XIV 252 n. cf. XII 119 n. A work of his περὶ τῆς δόσεως τοῦ ἑλλεβόρου is quoted by Galen; to which Oribasios, the fullest and most accurate of the ancient authorities on the mode of administering hellebore, was much indebted. On the form of the abl. cf. Achate (Aen. 1 312). sophiste (Quintil. III 4 § 10). Aeacide Nestorideque (Ov. Pont. 11 4 22). Bentley, Hor. c. III 12 8.

99 ESURIENS VII 7. 35. 81.

PISAEAE Pisa, which gave name to Pisatis, a district of Elis, lay to the east of the Olympian plain; by the poets it is identified with Olympia. Pind. Ol. XIII 28 29 déçai dé oi σtepávwv ἐγκώμιον τεθμόν, τὸν ἄγει πεδίων ἐκ Πίσας, | πεντάθλῳ ἅμα στα δίου νικῶν δρόμον. anthol. Pal. XVI 54 οἷος της φεύγων τὸν ὑπή. νεμον, ἔμπνοε Λᾴδα, | Θῦμον, ἐπ ̓ ἀκροτάτῳ νεύματι θεὶς ὄνυχα, | τοῖον ἐχάλκευσέν σε Μύρων, ἐπὶ παντὶ χαράξας | σώματι Πισαίον πроodоkiην σтepávov. Auson. eclogar. de locis agonum prima Iovi magno celebrantur Olympia Pisae.

OLIVAE VIII 226 n. Pind. Οl. IV 12=20 ἐλαίᾳ στεφανω θεὶς Πισάτιδι,

Ov. tr. I 2 73 74.

100 UT though x 240 n. MAGNA, TAMEN LENTA IRA DEORUM Sen. contr. x praef. § 6 sunt di immortales lenti quidem sed certi vindices generis humani. paroem. gr. I 444 Leutsch ỏyè eŵv dréουσι μύλοι, ἀλέουσι δὲ λεπτά. ib. 87 Ζεὺς κατεῖδε χρόνιος εἰς τὰς Spoépas. The cranes of Ibykos. Plat. de sera num. vind.

101 Ov. tr. II 33 34 si, quotiens peccant homines, sua fulmina mittat | Iuppiter, exiguo tempore inermis erit.

102 Cic. n. d. II § 167 if a man's crops are injured by a storm, we must not suppose eum, cui quid horum acciderit, aut invisum deo aut neglectum a deo; magna di curant, parva neg legunt. ib. III § 79 heaven's neglect of man is proved from the verse: nam si curent, bene bonis sit, male malis, quod nunc abest. Timon in Lucian 1-6 reproaches Zeus with his sloth: 'you are so sound asleep from an opiate that you have no ear for perjuries, no eye for injustice. When you were young, your lightnings were never at rest. Now you let things take their own course, and no one, except from habit, makes the smallest offering to you. Soon you will go the way of Kronos; already men plunder your temple, and you don't even dare to wake the dogs or rouse the neighbours. You have already outslept Epimenides. Take the bellows and kindle a thunderbolt, or borrow fire from Oeta: else we may believe the Cretan story of your tomb.' Zeus c. 9 confesses that owing to pressure of business, the increase of perjury, robbery and sacrilege, he has not had time lately to look at Attica; and the bawling of the philosophers drowns all sounds of prayer; one's only chance, if

one would not be worried to death, is to stop one's ear and sit still.

103 HIS such perjuries. cf. XI 114 his monuit nos.

105 ILLE CRUCEM SCELERIS PRETIUM TULIT, HIC DIADEMA Cato in Gell. XI 18 § 18 fures privatorum furtorum in nervo atque in compedibus aetatem agunt, fures publici in auro atque in purpura. Sen. ep. 87 § 23 sacrilegia minuta puniuntur, magna in triumphis feruntur. Sen. Hf. 255 256 prosperum ac felix scelus | virtus vocatur. Aug. civ. Dei iv 4 answer of a pirate to Alexander, who asked him, quid ei videretur, ut mare haberet infestum. ille libera contumacia quod tibi' inquit ut orbem terrarum. sed quia id ego exiguo navigio facio, latro vocor; quia tu magna classe, imperator.'

CRUCEM a slave's punishment VI 219 220 pone crucem servo.' meruit quo crimine servus | supplicium?

PRETIUM TULIT Vell. II 45 2 conservatae patriae pretium calamitatem exilii tulit.

TULIT VIII 119. IX 39. Plaut. merc. II 3 106 quod posces, feres. DIADEMA VIII 259. Rich. Flor. II 21=IV II § 3 of Antonius, who had thrown off the very garb of a Roman, diadema deerat, ut regina rex et ipse frueretur.

107 AD DELUBRA VOCANTEM XV 135 ad iura vocantem. 108 IMMO or rather, Plin. ep. VI 13 §4 Rufus et cum eo septem an octo, septem immo.

VEXARE ¿voxλeîv, to press.

109 NAM he is thus eager to appeal to the gods, because effrontery is mistaken by many for the security of innocence.

MAGNA MALAE SUPEREST AUDACIA CAUSAE 237 cum scelus admittunt, superest constantia.

110 FIDUCIA Tac. Agr. 1 fiduciam morum. schol. 'audacia creditur innocens, ut mimum urbani scurrae agere hac írrisionis audacia videatur: talis est enim mimus, ubi servus fugitivus dominum suum trahit. Catullus mimographus fuit.'

VI 608.

MIMUM V 157.
ILLE the false swearer.

111 URBANI witty.

VIII 185-198.

FUGITIVUS the runaway slave who, as the schol. says, dominum trahit, perhaps to the altar, to receive his oath that he was free-born.

CATULLI VIII 186 n.

112 STENTORA Hom. Il. v 785 786 ZTÉνTopi eioaμévn μεγαλήτορι χαλκεοφώνῳ, | ὃς τόσον αὐδήσασχ ̓ ὅσον ἄλλοι TEVTÁKOVтa. He challenged Hermes, the crier of the gods, to a contest and so met his death (schol. Il. cf. vincere here). VINCERE Hor. S. 1 6 44. Stat. s. 1 1 65 Markland.