113 GRADIVUS HOMERICUS II 128. Il. v 859-61 o ď ἔβραχε χάλκεος ̓́Αρης, ] ὅσσον τ ̓ ἐννεάχιλοι ἐπίαχον ἢ δεκάχιλοι | ávépes év Toléμw. ǎ in Ov. m. VI 427. a Verg. Luc. The solemn appellation is used in banter. From the long a Haupt (on Ov. 1. c.) favours the derivation from gravidivus, rather than that from gradior. Liv. I 20 § 4 of Numa Salios item duodecim Marti Gradivo legit. V 52 § 7 Camillus after naming the Capitol and the hearth of Vesta, asks quid de ancilibus vestris Mars Gradive tuque, Quirine pater?

113 114 AUDIS, IUPPITER, HAEC cf. 119 n. and the address to Mars II 130-2 nec galeam quassas, nec terram cuspide pulsas nec quereris patri? vade ergo et cede severi | iugeribus campi, quem neglegis! Pers. II 23-30.

114 LABRA MOVES Hor. ep. 1 16 60. cf. s. 1 I 20-22. Pers. V 184 labra moves tacitus.

MITTERE VOCEM ἀφιέναι or ιέναι φωνήν. Hor. a. p. 390 nescit vox missa reverti.

115 MARMOREUS VIII 55. Mart. xI 60 7 8 nec vocibus ullis adiuvat, absentem marmoreamve putes.,

AUT else Tei Nägelsbach § 194. Hand 1 538-540. 116 CARBONE in thy censer.

CHARTA Hor. ep. II I 269 270 lest deferar in vicum vendentem tus et odores | et piper et quidquid chartis amicitur ineptis. Mart. III 2 5 to his book: to whom shall I address you? quick, name an advocate. lest turis piperisve sis cucullus.

PIA TURA Mart. XIII 4 that Germanicus (Domitian) may late rule the court of heaven, and long rule earth, da pia tura Iovi.

117 IECUR VI 392. X 355.

PORCI X 255.

118 OMENTA Catull. 90 5 6 natus ut accepto veneretur car. mine divos omentum in flamma pingue liquefaciens. Pers. II 47 tot tibi cum in flammas iunicum omenta liquescant.

UT VIDEO for the satirical tone cf. 39-45. 147-153. 184 n. II 31. IV 36. VI 15. 619. X 314 n. XIV 261 262 n. vi 393-5 dic mihi nunc, quaeso, dic, antiquissime.divum, respondes his, Iane pater? magna otia caeli; | non est, quod video, non est quod agatur apud vos.

119 VAGELLI XVI 23 declamatoris mulino corde Vagelli. Borghesi (oeuvres v 534) inferring from this verse that this 'mulish' orator had the ius imaginum, identifies him with L. Vagellius cos. suff. under Claudius, probably 47 A.D. named in a s. c. in Reines. inscr. VII II. Haubold monum. legal. p. 197. Possibly the statue of Vagellius (cf. VII 125-8) was mutilated or otherwise maltreated (cf. 1 129-131). Mart. VIII

40 Priapus, guardian of the wood, ex quo natus es et potes renasci, is charged to keep guard on the firewood, with the significant hint, et ipse lignum es.

119 120 Mart. IV 21 nullos esse deos, inane caelum | affirmat Segius probatque, quod se | factum, dum negat haec, videt beatum.

120-142 Hear plain words of comfort, drawn from no wisdom of the schools. Your pulse may be trusted even to an apprentice only for dangerous cases must leading physicians be called in. If the wrong done to you stands alone in its enormity, then beat your breast, if you will, and smite your forehead: it is the way of the world: money departed is bewailed with genuine tears. But if in every assize men forswear bonds, under their own hand and seal, why should you claim exemption from the general lot, 'as son to a white hen, poor we the dregs and baser chickens of unhappy eggs?'

120 ACCIPE VII 36. XV 31.

121 ET even one who is no philosopher 19 20.

STOICA XV 107-109. on the resemblance between the Stoics and Cynics cf. DL. VI 14 of Antisthenes founder of the Cynic school δοκεῖ δὲ καὶ τῆς ἀνδρωδεστάτης στωικῆς κατάρξαι. Zeno said ib. VII 121 τὸν σοφὸν αὐτὸν κυνιεῖν. εἶναι γὰρ τὸν κυνισμὸν ÚVOμOVE аper ódór. Cic. off. I § 128 Beier Cynici, aut si qui fuerunt Stoici paene Cynici. Sen. brev. vit. 14 § 2 hominis naturam cum Stoicis vincere, cum Cynicis excedere.

DOGMATA Sen. ep. 95 § 10 nulla ars contemplativa sine decretis suis est, quae Graeci vocant dogmata, nobis vel decreta licet adpellare vel scita vel placita, quae et in geometria et in

astronomia invenies.

122 TUNICA not worn by the Cynics Lucian cynic. I rí ποτέ συ, οὗτος, πώγωνα μὲν ἔχεις καὶ κόμην, χιτῶνα δὲ οὐκ έχεις; Antonin. IV 30 ὁ μὲν χωρὶς χιτῶνος φιλοσοφεῖ. anth. Pal. XI 154 5 6 Ερμοδότου τόδε δόγμα τὸ πάνσοφον· εἴ τις ἀχαλκεῖ, | μηκέτι πεινάτω, θεὶς τὸ χιτωνάριον. Who introduced the double pallium and laid aside the tunic, was a moot point: whether Antisthenes (DL. VI 13) or his scholar Diogenes (ib. 22. 76. Hor. ep. 1 17 25 quem duplici panno patientia velat) or Krates (Stob. xcvII 31 p. 524).

NON Prop. IVIII 2 9-12 non-nec-nec-non.

123 SUSPICIT άoßλéret Plin. ep. 1 14 § 1 scis enim, quanto opere summum illum virum suspexerim dilexerimque. Bentley on Hor. ep. II 115.

HORTI XIV 319 n.

124 CURENTUR Spartian. Hadr. 13 when a madman made an attempt on Hadrian's life, medicis curandum dedit.

MEDICIS MAIORIBUS on the abl. cf. XI 191.

DUBII AEGRI subst. VIII 49 n. Ov. Pont. III 4 8 ad medicam dubius confugit aeger opem.

125 VENAM VI 46 o medici, nimiam pertundite venam! Philippus must have been an inferior physician of the day; he may have adopted the name of Alexander's famous physician (Sen. de ira II 23 § 2).

126 Hor. s. II 3 41 42 hoc si erit in te | solo, nil verbi, pereas quin fortiter, addam.

127 PUGNIS CAEDERE PECTUS Hom. I. XIX 285. Cic. Tusc. III § 62 illa varia et detestabilia genera lugendi: paedores, muliebres lacerationes genarum, pectoris, feminum, capitis percussiones.

128 FACIEM CONTUNDERE Cic. Att. II § I puto te...ingemuisse. ut frontem ferias. Quintil. II 12 § 10 pectus, frontem caedere, mire ad pullatum circulum facit.

129 CLAUDENDA EST IANUA when a man has had losses, he closes his house, as for a funeral Liv. IX 7 § 8. Tac. II 82. 131 PLANGUNTUR...FUNERA Capitol. Antonin. phil. 18 tantusque illius amor die regii funeris claruit, ut nemo illum plangendum censuerit, all being assured of his return to heaven, which had lent him to earth.

132 FINGIT Mart. 1 33 1 2 amissum non flet, cum sola est, Gellia patrém: | si quis adest, iussae prosiliunt lacrimae.

VESTEM DIDUCERE SUMMAM X 261 262 ut primos edere planctus Cassandra inciperet scissaque Polyxena palla. Ov. m. v 398 ut summa vestem laniarat ab ora. slightly to tear the upper edge of the tunic (to bare the breast 127).

133 VEXARE OCULOS UMORE COACTO VI 273-5. Aen. II 196 Heins. Forb. captique dolis, lacrimisque coactis. Ov. amor. 1 8 83 discant oculi lacrimare coacti.

134 VERIS Lucian Timon 22 of baffled fortune-hunters &λŋθὲς ἄγοντες τὸ πένθος.

135 CUNCTA VIDES SIMILI FORA PLENA QUERELLA from Sen. de ira II 9 § 4 circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, infitiationes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora. si tantum irasci vis sapientem, quantum scelerum indignitas exigit, non irascendum illi, sed insaniendum est. Burn Rome and the Campagna 107153 the forum Romanum, f. Caesaris, f. Augusti, f. Nervae, f.

Traiani.

136 DIVERSA PARTE VII 156. 'on the other side': 'a parte contraria adversarii, quemadmodum ex diverso ap. Tac. h. II 75. Saepe sic Quintil. Suet. Caes. 29 consules e parte di versa dixit, hoc est contrariae factionis.' MADVIG. [Quintil.] decl. 269 p. 512 scio dici simile aliquid etiam ex parte diversa.

TABELLIS when their own note of hand has been read by the

creditor's advocate time after time, they still deny all knowledge of it, though it is sealed with the choicest gem in their casket. 137 same verse XVI 41. cf. XIV 315 316 n. A worthless bond on waste paper (as we should say).

VANA CHIROGRAPHA Quintil. VI 3 § 100 Fulvius...legato interroganti, an in tabulis, quas proferebat, chirographus esset, et verus' inquit 'domine.' Gell. XIV 2 § 7 is tamen cum suis multis patronis clamitabat, probari apud me debere pecuniam datam consuetis modis. expensi latione, mensae rationibus, chirographi exhibitione, tabularum obsignatione.'

LIGNI Mart. XIV 3 1 on 'pugillares citrei' secta in tenues... ligna tabellas. dig. xxxvII 4 19 contra lignum=c. tabulas. Ambr. de Tobia § 24 the money-lender says: aurum dedimus, lignum tenemus...otiosa causatio est, saltem renovetur chirographum. Cato in Fronto ad Antonin. I 2 p. 100 Naber ad lignum dele 'efface utterly.'

138 LITTERA i.e. Xeip, manus, handwriting.

GEMMA I 68 n. Capito in Macrob. VII 13 § 12 veteres non ornatus, sed signandi causa anulum secum circumferebant. Plin. XXXVII § 1 signis, quae causa gemmarum est.

139 SARDONYCHUM VII 144 n. Plin. XXXVII § 88 solae prope gemmarum scalptae ceram non auferunt. "The choicest of sardonyxes' must belong to a man of wealth: even such repudiate their debts.

LOCULIS I 89 n. Micali monumenti tav. XLI n. 10-13 a dressing-case of ivory, found at Vulci.

140 O DELICIAS VI 47 delicias hominis! X 291 n. Holy. day: 'wouldst thou, | choice sir, from common lot stand exempt now?'

141 GALLINAE FILIUS ALBAE schol. 'proverbium vulgare: id est, nobilis.' So in Fr. le fils de la poule blanche. White the emblem of good fortune. 'You were born with a silver spoon in

your mouth.'

143-173 Your grievance is slight, when compared with the charges that occupy our courts from dawn to sunset: hired bandits, arson, sacrilege, poison, parricide: a single house is a miniature of the world; attend on our city prefect but for a few days, and then dare to complain of your lot. None stare at goître in the Alps, or hanging breasts, larger than the sturdy suckling, in Meroe, watchet eyes and flaxen hair in a German. Seen in Rome, a battle of dwarfs and cranes would make you split with laughter; in the land of pygmies, where one foot is the standard height, no one smiles at the spectacle.

144 FLECTAS XI 15 16 n.

145-147 LATRONEM INCENDIA HOS 23-25 furem | perfidiam fraudes etc. 121 nec cynicos nec stoica dogmata.

M. I.

6

145 LATRONEM III 305 n. X 22 n. Quintil. XIII § 39 si ab homine occidendo grassator avertendus sit. 'you might have been assailed by a hired robber, or have seen your house burnt down by an incendiary.'

INCENDIA III 7 n. 197 n. Sen. contr. 9 § 11 aedes ipsas, quas in tantum extruxere, ut domus ad usum ac munimentum paratae sint nunc periculo, non praesidio: tanta altitudo aedificiorum est tantaeque viarum angustiae, ut neque adversus ignem praesidium, nec ex ruinis ullam in partem effugium sit. dig. XLVIII 19 28 § 12 incendiarii capite puniuntur, qui ob inimicitias vel praedae causa incenderint intra oppidum: et plerumque vivi exuruntur.

SULPURE Sen. n. q. 1 § 8 apud nos quoque ramenta sulpure adspersa ignem ex intervallo trahunt. Plin. xxxv § 177 of brimstone neque alia res facilius accenditur. XXXVI § 138 used as tinder.

146 DOLO dig. I 15 4 qui dolo fecisse incendium convincentur. Tac. xv 38 of Nero's fire sequitur clades, forte an dolo principis

incertum.

IANUA to cut off escape IX 98 candelam adponere valvis. 147 XII 129 n. On sacrilege see VIII 106. XIV 260-2 n, Dem. c. Timokr. p. 738 § 121 οἱ τὰ ἀκρωτήρια τῆς Νίκης περικόψαντες ἀπώλοντο αὐτοὶ ὑφ ̓ αὐτῶν. Ath. 405 γυμνὴν ἐποίησεν ̓Αθηνῶν Λαχάρης οὐδὲν ἐνοχλοῦσαν. Sacrilege and jests and impunity of Dionysius Cic. n. d. III §§ 83 84. Plin. XXXIII § 83 a veteran at Bononia was asked by Augustus, whether it was true eum qui primus violasset id numen [Anaetis] oculis membrisque captum exspirasse; respondit enim tum maxime Augustum e crure eius cenare seque illum esse totumque sibi cen sum ex ea rapina. Lucian Timon 4 to Zeus: some have laid hands upon yourself at Olympia, and you ò yevvaîos kal yıyarṬoλέτωρ καὶ Τιτανοκράτωρ ἐκάθησο τοὺς πλοκάμους περικειρόμενος ὑπ' αὐτῶν, δεκάπηχυν κεραυνὸν ἔχων ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ. Tibull. r 4 21-26 to satisfy the demands of my mistress, I must plunder temples, esp. that of Venus.

148 ROBIGINIS 61 aerugine. 1 76 n. argentum vetus,
149 DONA VF. VII 48.

POSITAS 117.

REGE offerings were made to the Pythian Apollo by Midas (Hdt. I 14), Gyges (ib.), Kroesos (ib. 50 seq.), Amasis cet.

150 if there be no offerings of solid gold, worthy of the notice of greater criminals, there will be found some to scrape the gilt statues XII 129 n.

SACRILEGUS, QUI dependent clause beginning with a mono. syllable at the end of a verse I 97 trepidat, ne. V 20.

152 BRATTEOLAM Téтaλov Plin. xxxIII § 61.

on the spel.