et id ipsum ne non diuturnum sit futurum times; te conscientiae stimulant maleficiorum tuorum; te metus exanimant iudiciorum atque legum: quocumque adspexisti, ut furiae sic tuae tibi occurrunt iniuriae, quae te suspirare libere non sinunt. Sen. ep. 97 § 14 prima illa et maxima peccantium poena est peccasse, nec ullum scelus...inpunitum est; quoniam sceleris in scelere supplicium est.

194 HABET ATTONITOS Ter. haut. 461 Bentley and Gronov omnis sollicitos habuit. Cic. fam. 11 16 § 1 quae non meum animum magis sollicitum habent quam tuum. id. Att. XVII 1 § 3 Dymaeos agro pulsos mare infestum habere nil mirum. Cato mai. § 66 angere atque sollicitam habere nostram aeta

tem.

ATTONITOS XII 21 n.

SURDO VERBERE VII 71 n. Plin. XIX § 20 surdis ictibus, et qui non exaudiantur.

195 ANIMO TORTORE XIV 21 n, Bentley on Hor. c. IV 9 39 'observandum, optimos quosque scriptores non aliter interdum de animo, quam de persona quapiam loqui.' add Sen. ep. 124 § 23 animus aemulator Dei.

FLAGELLUM I 166 167. Lucr. III 1017 1018 after speaking of all human instruments of torture quae tamen etsi absunt, at mens sibi conscia factis | praemetuens adhibet stimulos ter retque flagellis. Munro ib. III 1023. 784 hunc infera monstra flagellant. | et quantum poenae miV 1154. Luc. VII 783 sero mens conscia donat.

197 CAEDICIUS gravis with Caedicius as pugnacis with Tulli in v 57 et Tulli census pugnacis et Anci. schol. 'aulicum Neronis crudelissimum fuisse vult intellegi.' A pleader of the name XVI 46.

RHADAMANTHUS I Io n. He decided important disputes by taking oaths of the parties Plat. legg. 293f. (cf. Heyne exc. 11) Gnosius haec Rhadamanthus habet duAen. VI 566 567 rissima regna, castigatque auditque dolos cogitque fateri. 198 NOCTE DIEQUE III 105. Ov. m. II 343. Mart. x 58

II.

TESTEM 2 n. Sen. ep. 43 § 5 si honesta sunt quae facis, omnes sciant: si turpia, quid refert neminem scire, cum tu scias? o te miserum, si contemnis hunc testem. prov. in Quintil. V II § 41 conscientia mille testes.

199 SPARTANO CUIDAM Glaukos, son of Epikydes, was requested by a Milesian, who had heard the fame of his uprightness, to keep in trust for him a sum of money. wards the sons of the Milesian reclaimed the deposit. Glaukos, Long afterdenying all recollection of the matter, promised to make inquiries, and give a final answer in four months' time. Meanwhile he

went to Delphi (Hdt. VI 86) and received this response from the Pythia: ‘Γλαῦκ Επικυδείδη, τὸ μὲν αὐτίκα κέρδιον οὕτω | ὅρκῳ νικῆσαι καὶ χρήματα ληΐσσασθαι. | ὄμνυ· ἐπεὶ θάνατός γε καὶ εὔορκον μένει ἄνδρα. [ ἀλλ ̓ Ορκου πάϊς ἐστὶν ἀνώνυμος, οὐδ ̓ ἔπι χεῖρες, οὐδὲ πόδες. κραιπνὸς δὲ μετέρχεται, εἰσόκε πᾶσαν | συμμάρψας ὀλέ. σει γενεὴν καὶ οἶκον ἅπαντα. ¦ ἀνδρὸς δ ̓ εὐόρκου γενεὴ μετόπισθεν ἀμείνων. Gl. besought pardon of the God, but the Pythia replied τὸ πειρηθῆναι τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τὸ ποιῆσαι ἴσον δύνασθαι. So Gl. restored the deposit...Γλαύκου νῦν οὔτε τι ἀπόγονόν ἐστι οὐδέν, οὔτ ̓ ἱστίη οὐδεμία νομιζομένη είναι Γλαύκου, ἐκτέτριπταί τε πρόρριζος ἐκ Σπάρτης.

200 DUBITARET Aen. Ix 188 189 percipe porro | quid dubitem et quae nunc animo sententia surgat.

201 202 IURE TUERI IURANDO Hor. s. II 3 179 18o iure | iurando obstringam.

204 MORIBUS principle Nägelsbach Stylistik § 12 I. TAMEN though he returned it.

Hdt. I 159

205 VOCEM ADYTI DIGNAM TEMPLO VIII 126 n. Luc. 1x 565 of Cato effudit dignas adytis e pectore voces. § 2 λέγεται φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ ἀδύτου γενέσθαι.

206 TOTA CUM PROLE DOMOQUE comm. on exod. 20 5. Hom. Il. IV 162. Soph. Αi. 1177 1178 κακὸς κακῶς ἄθαπτος ἐκπέσοι χθονός, | γένους ἅπαντος ῥίζαν ἐξημημένος. Aristoph. ran. 587 588 Dionysos to Xanthos. ' if I ever take them from you again, πρόρο ριζος αὐτός, ἡ γυνή, τὰ παιδία, | κάκιστ ̓ ἀπολοίμην. oath of the Samnites B.C. 293 Liv. X 38 § 10 in execrationem capitis familiaeque et stirpis. Plut. qu. rom. 44 every oath εἰς κατάραν τελευτᾷ τῆς ἐπιορκίας. lexx. under ἐξώλης. πρόρριζος. Pers. II 25 do you think that Iuppiter has forgiven you, because the holmoak is sooner blasted by his thunder quam tuque domusque? 207 LONGA though only remotely connected.

208 HAS PATITUR POENAS PECCANDI SOLA VOLUNTAS alliteration as in Ov. m. IV 467 perpetuas patitur poenas.

209 210 SCELUS INTRA SE TACITUM QUI COGITAT ULLUM FACTI CRIMEN HABET comm. on exod. 20 17. VM. VII 2 E8 mirifice etiam Thales. nam interrogatus an facta hominum deos fallerent ne cogitata quidem' inquit, ut non solum manus, sed etiam mentes puras habere vellemus, cum secretis cogitationibus nostris caeleste numen adesse credidissemus. Xen. mem. II§ 19 Sokrates differed from the vulgar in believing that God knows all things said and done καὶ τὰ σιγῇ βουλευόμενα. Clem.

Ι

Al. str. VI 2 § 23 p. 749 illustrates the story of Glaukos from Aristoph. fr. 553 δύναται γὰρ ἴσον τῳ δρᾶν τὸ νοεῖν. Sen. de ira 1 3 § 1 verum est, irasci nos laesuris; sed ipsa cogitatione nos laedunt et iniuriam qui facturus est iam facit. id. const. sap. 7 $ 4 omnia scelera etiam ante effectum operis, quantum

culpae satis est, perfecta sunt. Apul. flor. IV 20 etiam cogi. tata scelera non perfecta adhuc vindicantur, cruenta mente, pura manu. Matt. v 8. 28. In law however dig. XLVIII 19 18 cogitationis poenam nemo patitur (yet see ib. 16 § 8. cod. Theod. IX 26 1 cum pari sorte leges scelus quam sceleris puniant voluntatem).

SCELUS COGITAT deliberate purpose a main part of the guilt also in Cic. off. I § 27 in omni iniustitia permultum interest utrum perturbatione aliqua animi, quae plerumque brevis est et ad tempus, an consulto et cogitata fiat iniuria.

INTRA SE lexx. Aen. I 455 456 artificumque manus intra se operumque laborem | miratur.

210 FACTI CRIMEN HABET Prop. 111=11 32 1 2 qui videt, is peccat: qui te non viderit ergo | non cupiet: facti lumina cri men habet.

CEDO, SI VI 503-5 Andromachen a fronte videbis; | post mi nor est: credas aliam. cedo si breve parvi | sortita est lateris spatium? Ter. Andr. 150 qui cedo? how so pray?' 383. What if he have carried out his design?'

211 PERPETUA ANXIETAS Sen. ep. 105 §§ 7 8.

NEC II 152. IX 49.

212 MOLARES μύλαι. μυλῖται οδόντες.

213 DIFFICILI CRESCENTE CIBO Ov. her. 16 226 crescit et invito lentus in ore cibus.

Sen. ep. 82 § 21 non in ore crevit cibus, non haesit in faucibus, non elapsus est manibus: alacres et ad prandium illi promiserunt et ad cenam.

SETINA V 34 n. X 27 n. plur. as Tibull. 111 6 6 Falerna. 214 ALBANI VETERIS PRETIOSA SENECTUS IV 81 n. Crispi iucunda senectus. Phaedr. colli longitudinem. corvi stupor. maiestas ducis.

ALBANI V 33 n.

SENECTUS V 30 n. 31 n. 34.

215 OSTENDAS you may shew him choicer wine, he frowns at that too. constr. III 100. Hor. ep. 1 10 24 cited 239 n.

216 FALERNO this wine needed to be mellowed by age (15 years Cic. Brut. § 287. Plin. XXIII § 34) Hor. s. II 3 115 Heindorf veterisque Falerni. It was mixt with honey (ib. 2 15. 4 24 Aufidius forti miscebat mella Falerno) or Chian wine (ib. 1 10 24 Heindorf), being severum (Hor. c. I 27 9), ardens (ib. II II 19).

218 VERSATA TORO MEMBRA III 279 280. Sen. de tranq. 2 § 6 qui non aliter, quam difficilis somnus est, versant se et hoc atque illo modo conponunt, donec quietem lassitudine inve niant.

219 TEMPLUM ET VIOLATI NUMINIS ARAS same position of gen. IX 68. XIV 16. 20. 109 (Kiaer).

VIOLATI NUMINIS ARAS 89 n.

221 TE VIDET IN SOMNIS VIII 213 n. Ios. b. I. VII II § 4 Catullus a persecutor used to spring out of bed as if racked and branded, crying that he saw spectres of those whom he had slain. Suet. Cal. 59 the body of Gaius was secretly conveyed into the gardens of Lamia, there half-burnt and slightly covered with soil; his sisters afterwards gave it a decent funeral: satis constat, prius quam id fieret, hortorum custodes umbris inquietatos; the house in which Gaius was slain, was haunted nightly until it was burnt down. id. Nero 34 (sat. VIII 213 n.) Nero endeavoured to lay his mother's ghost. id. Otho 7 Otho pursued by the shades of Galba.

MAIOR IMAGO HUMANA Aen. II 773 nota maior imago. Suet. Claud. 2 species barbarae mulieris humana amplior.

223 QUI TREPIDANT ET AD OMNIA FULGURA PALLENT order of words as III 187 188. VI 79. Pers. II 35. III 66. V 110 (Kiaer).

AD OMNIA FULGURA PALLENT X 230. Cicero does not use ad thus, to denote the occasion of fear etc. Suet. Cal. 51 qui deos tanto opere contemneret, ad minima tonitrua et fulgura conivere, caput obvolvere, at vero ad maiora proripere se e strato sub lectumque condere solebat. DCass. LIX 28 $4 lightning destroyed the vessel which was to have conveyed the image of Olympian Zeus to be turned into a likeness of Caligula; but when the workmen approached the pedestal, they were affrighted by a loud laugh. § 6 Caligula's mock thunder and lightning. Sen. n. q. II 59 § 11 pavescis ad caeli fragorem et ad inane nubilum trepidas.

224 QUOQUE even at the first rumbling in the air.

225 FORTUITUS possibly trisyllabic, cf. Manil. I 182. Stat. Th. VII 449. Petron. 135 9. L. Müller de re metr. 258 and Mühlmann make the i here short, as in gratuitum in hendecasyllables Stat. s. 1 6 16. pituita (Hor. ep. I 1 108. S. II 2 76. Pers. II 57) undoubtedly suffers synizesis.

On the question whether thunder be accidental [fortuitum (divinum Cic. fam. VII 5 § 2], cf. Lucr. II 1100-4. VI 83-422. Hor. s. 1 5 101-3. Plin. 11 §§ 112 113 e. g. posse et conflictu nubium elidi, ut duorum lapidum, scintillantibus fulgetris. sed haec omnia esse fortuita. hinc bruta multa fulmina et vana, ut quae nulla veniant ratione naturae; illa vero fatidica ex alto statisque de causis et ex suis venire sideribus. Sen. n. q. VI 381 proderit praesumere animo nihil horum deos facere, nec ira numinum aut caelum concuti aut terram. suas ista causas habent nec ex imperio saeviunt.

VENTORUM RABIE cf. the allépɩos Aîvos of Aristoph. nub. 380-408.

226 IRATUS IGNIS 93. Pind. Nem. v go jáкOTOV EYXOS. Aristoph. nub. 397 of the thunderbolt Toûrov yàp on pavepus ὁ Ζεὺς ἵησ ̓ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐπιόρκους, where follows the argument, 'why then does he spare Simon, Kleonymos, Theoros? why strike his own temple and oaks?' On 'judgements' see Hom. Od. x 72 n. Prop. III-II 16 47-56 esp. 52 nec sic de nihilo fulminis ira cadit. Suet. Tib. 69 tonitrua praeter modum expavescebat et turbatiore caelo numquam non coronam lauream capite gestavit, quod fulmine afflari negetur id genus frondis. Hor. c. 1 3 40 iracunda...fulmina.

228 SERENO VII 179. Luc. IX 423 of Libya nostris reficit sua rura serenis. Forcellini. cf. sudum. nubilum, esp. abl. to which sereno is often opposed.

229 VIGILI FEBRE VII 42 sollicitas...portas. Ov. m. III 396 curae vigiles.

230 231 MISSUM AD SUA CORPORA MORBUM INFESTO CRE

DUNT A NUMINE Cels. prooem. p. 1 20 Daremberg we may learn from Homer morbos tum ad iram deorum immortalium relatos esse et ab isdem opem posci solitam.

232 TELA Sen. ben. IV 19 § 1 deos nemo sanus timet. furor est enim metuere salutaria: nec quisquam amat, quos timet. tu denique, Epicure, deum inermem facis: omnia illi tela, omnem detraxisti potentiam.

PECUDEM Pers. v 167 agnam.

233 LARIBUS XII 113.

PROMITTERE XII 2. 101. Tibull. III 5 33 nigras pecudes promittite Diti.

GALLI XII 96. Plin. x § 49 speaking of the auspices from chickens hi maxime terrarum imperio imperant extis etiam fibrisque haud aliter quam opimae victimae dis grati. cf. § 156. Cocks were sacrificed to Apollo (anthol. Pal. VI 155 3) and to Asklepios Artemid. v 9 ηύξατό τις τῷ Ασκληπιῷ, εἰ διὰ τοῦ ἔτους ἄνοσος ἔλθοι, θύσειν αὐτῷ ἀλεκτρυόνα. cf. the last words of Sokrates Plato Phaed. 118 where see Wyttenb., Fischer, Gottl. ὦ Κρίτων, τῷ ̓Ασκληπιῷ ὀφείλομεν ἀλεκτρυόνα ἀλλ ̓ ἀπόδοτε καὶ μὴ ἀμελήσητε.

235 contrast VIII 255-8 the Decii acceptable as an atoning sacrifice for whole armies, being of greater value than what they died to save.

236-249 The wicked are unstable; bold in the flush of sin, alive to its guilt when it is done; still remorse does not mend inbred habits nor restore a blush to the brazen forehead. No man stops at the first crime: our treacherous friend will be snared and suffer execution or live a convict on some Egean rock swarming with great exiles. You will triumph in your revenge, and confess at last that heaven is neither deaf nor blind.