youngest son, commanded the provincial forces sent against the Indians, in conjunction with the royal troops under Colonel Grant. His daughter and heiress married Major Pierce Butler of the British army, who left descendants well known and distinguished in Philadelphia.

Henry Middleton was born in 1717, and, according to the custom of South Carolina families of distinction, was educated in England. On his return, and while still a very young man, he entered actively into public life, receiving the appointment of Justice of the Peace at the age of twenty-two years. In 1748 he was elected to the Commons House of Assembly for St. George's, Dorchester; in 1754 he was Speaker of the Lower House; in 1756 he found himself appointed a member of His Majesty's Council for the Province of South Carolina; and, in 1770, he declined to continue longer of the Council. In July, 1774, he was elected a delegate to the General Congress of the Provinces, the first Continental Congress, which met in Philadelphia in September. Peyton Randolph, of Virginia, was unanimously chosen President, but upon the 22d of October, being unable to attend to the duties of the office, Henry Middleton was chosen his successor, and as President, signed the "Petition of Grievances." In January, 1775, he was a member of the Provincial Congress of South Carolina, and, nine days later, was elected a delegate to the second Continental Congress. In September, 1775, he was elected to the South Carolina Congress, and, in February, 1776, was President of the Provincial Congress of South Carolina. The last public office he held, at the age of sixty, was that of member of the South Carolina' Council of Safety.

During the long period of his public career, he was regarded on all sides as a man of singular probity and sound judgment, ever to be relied upon in times of trouble, and firmly attached to his country, in whose behalf he readily hazarded his life and fortune. As an instance of the confidence in his integrity, it may be mentioned that he was the first man in the Colony to issue paper promises to pay, which were generally accepted as currency.

Henry Middleton occupied himself, during his intervals of leisure, in laying out, with the aid of a Dutch gardener whom he had brought from Holland for that purpose, the walks and terraces of "Middleton Place" on the Ashley River, in the neighborhood of Charleston. The first camellias introduced into America were planted here. It was here, also, that he began the education of his son Arthur, the future signer of the Declaration of Independence; he sent to England for a tutor, and young John Rutledge, afterwards called "the Dictator," came over to Middleton Place to share the lessons with Arthur. John Rutledge's brother Edward, six years his junior, affixed his signature to the Declaration of Independence, in 1776, by the side of the name of Arthur Middleton.

Henry Middleton was married three times. His last wife was Lady Mary, widow of John Anislie, and daughter of the Earl of Cromartie. Concerning this marriage the following story has been handed down: Lady Mary at first refused Mr. Middleton, but yielded finally to the intercession of his children, who are said to have gone to her in a body, and urged her to reconsider her decision, because they felt sure he would marry somebody, and they thought she would be a safe stepmother. Lady Mary Middleton survived her husband four years; there is a tablet to her memory in the old Scotch Church in Charleston.

The last years of Henry Middleton's life were full of physical suffering. Hence it was that Dr. Duché, in his letter conjuring Washington to abandon the contest with Great Britain, says, among other things, "the elder Middleton has retired from the contest." One of those fearful maladies that strike at the springs of life, while the heart is still warm, and the brain clear, constrained Mr. Middleton to ask permission from Cornwallis to retire to his plantation. This was in 1780, after the fall of Charleston. This has been the cause of a mistaken report that Henry Middleton took protection. The South Carolina patriot never took protection. General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, the friend of Washington, emphatically assured the Honorable John I. Middleton, that his grandfather,

Henry Middleton, never took protection; and the British were so far from considering him as protected from their attacks, that in 1782, an expedition, which was fitted out to make a raid through Prince Williams County, burned and pillaged much of his property, which was in various localities in the neighborhood. It was during this raid that the famous John Laurens met his death.

Henry Middleton died on the 13th of June, 1784, aged sixty-seven years, at Middleton Place on the Ashley, and was buried in the family vault.

JOSIAH QUINCY, SENIOR.

BY ELIZA SUSAN QUINCY.

(Centennial Collection.)

Josiah Quincy, Senior, was born in Braintree, Massachusetts Bay, 1709, in the house of his great-grandfather, Edmund Quincy, of England, yet standing on the estate purchased in 1635 of the Sachem of Mos-Wechusett. He derived his Christian name from his maternal grandfather, the Rev. Josiah Flynt, of Dorchester, Massachusetts Bay (H. C. 1644). His father, Edmund Quincy (H. C. 1699), held the commission of a Judge of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts Bay for nineteen years, from 1718 until his appointment as agent for the Colony at the Court of Great Britain, 1737.

Josiah Quincy graduated at Harvard College 1728, and in 1733 married Hannah Sturgis, of Yarmouth, Massachusetts Bay. He removed from Braintree to Boston in 1735, and engaged in commerce and shipbuilding, and the firm of Edmund & Josiah Quincy, & Edward Jackson soon ranked high among the enterprising merchants of New England. In December, 1735, he accompanied his father, Judge Quincy, to

England. In 1738 he travelled in Europe, and established correspondences in Paris and Cadiz, in Amsterdam with the Messrs. Hope, in England with Slingsby Bethel' (Lord Mayor 1756). He revisited Europe in 1740 and 1742, and in 1748, in Paris, applied for a contract to supply the French Government at Louisburg when it should be restored to them. Count Maurepas, who gave him an audience, favored his proposals. In London he solicited a contract to supply the English Government, for their intended settlement at Cape Sable.

In 1748 the ship Bethel, named by Mr. Quincy's firm after their English partner, was sent on a voyage to the Mediterranean, taking for protection against Spanish privateers 14 guns, and a letter of marque. Encountering in the Atlantic, at night-fall, a large ship under Spanish colors, her Captain, in self-defence, displayed lanterns in the rigging, made his ship appear full of men by disposing hats and cloaks on sticks, bore down on the Spaniard, and ordered him to surrender. The Captain of the Jesu Maria & Joseph, with 117 men and 26 guns, mistaking the Bethel for an English sloop of war, struck his colors, and surrendered a register ship, with 161 chests of silver, and two of gold registered, and a most valuable cargo, to a vessel carrying 14 guns, and 37 men. The rage of the Spaniard and his crew, on discovering the stratagem to which they were victims, was great but unavailing. The prize was duly condemned, and brought safely to Boston, and the proceeds, upwards of $300,000, were divided among the owners of the Bethel. Soon after this unexpected success Mr. Quincy dissolved this partnership, retired to Braintree,

1 Judge Edmund Quincy died in London, February 23, 1738. A tribute to his virtues and public services, from the Legislature of Massachusetts Bay, thus closes: "He departed the delight of his own people, but of none more than the Senate, who, as a testimony of their love and gratitude, have ordered this Epitaph to be inscribed on the Monument, erected over his grave, in Bunhill Fields, London, at the expense of the Colony." The General Court of the Colony, also gave to his heirs one thousand acres of land in the town of Lenox, Massachusetts Bay.

• Ancestor of the late Lord Westbury, Lord Chancellor of England.

formed another firm, and established spermaceti works, and the first manufacture of glass ever set up in America.

In February, 1755, Mr. Quincy was commissioned by Gov. Shirley' to solicit the Government of Pennsylvania to join their forces with those of Massachusetts Bay, in an expedition to erect a strong fortress, upon His Majesty's lands, near the French Fort at Crown Point. On arriving in Philadelphia, Mr. Quincy applied to his friend, Dr. Franklin, then a Mem. ber of the Pennsylvania Assembly, for aid, and by his advice and assistance presented a memorial to the Assembly, in the State House, Philadelphia, on the 31st of March, 1755, urging the importance of his mission. "After some debate, the Assembly voted to raise £10,000, on the credit of the Province, to answer the request of the Massachusetts Government, so earnestly enforced by Mr. Quincy, who, after a handsome acknowledgment in behalf of Massachusetts, returned to Boston, highly gratified by the success of his mission." This transaction exerted an important influence over the affairs of the Colonies. By promoting mutual interest, respect, and confidence between Pennsylvania and Massachusetts Bay, a union was formed, which remained firm, through the conflicts of the Revolution, and finally ensured their Independence.

Mrs. Hannah Sturgis Quincy died in August, 1755, leaving three sons, all eminent men and graduates of Harvard, and one daughter. Mr. Quincy subsequently married Elizabeth Waldron, daughter of the Rev. William Waldron, of Boston, who died in 1759, leaving one daughter. In 1761, Mr. Quincy married Ann Marsh, daughter of the Rev. Mr. Marsh, of Braintree; an intimate friend of Mrs. Abigail Adams, and a woman of uncommon excellence and animation, and energy of character, who proved a most valvable companion during the remainder of his life.

During his residence in Braintree, Mr. Quincy was chiefly

This commission, with the autograph signature of Governor Shirley, dated February 22, 1755, in 1876 is in the possession of the author of this sketch.

Sparks's Franklin, vol. i. pp. 181-2; vol. iii. pp. 235-238.