$21, 22. Organs of circulation, which distribute the nutriment

over the body.

23. The excretory organs drain waste matters from the body.

24. Double function of the lungs.

25. The nervous system combines the action of the various

organs.

26. Life and death.

27. Local death constantly going on in the body.

28. General death-death of the body as a whole, and death

of the tissues.

29. Modes of death.

30. Decomposition and diffusion.

LESSON II.

THE VASCULAR SYSTEM AND THE CIRCULATION.
Pp. 21-57.

§1. The nature and arrangment of the capillaries.

2. Structure and properties of arteries and veins.

3. Differences between arteries and veins.

4. Structure and function of the valves of the veins.

5. The Lymphatics.

6. The Lacteals.

7. A general view of the way in which the vessels are

arranged in the body and are connected with the heart.

8, 9. The Heart, its connexions and structure; the pericardium

and endocardium; the auricles and ventricles.

10. Its valves, their structure, action, and purpose.

II. Its systole and diastole.

12. The working of the heart; the mechanism by which

the heart, through its contractions, drives the blood

always in one direction, explained.

13. The working of the arteries.

14. The beat of the heart.

15. The sounds of the heart.

16. The pulse in the arteries.

17. Why blood flows in jerks from a cut artery.

18-20. Why no pulse can be felt in the capillaries.

21, 22. The circulation traced in its whole course.

23. The nervous system regulates the calibre of the small

arteries and veins, and thereby controls the flow of blood

through various parts: blushing, &c.

824. Experimental proof of this.

25. Relation of this controlling power to disease.

26, 27. The movements of the heart are also under the control

of the nervous system.

28. The proofs of the circulation. Direct observation of the
circulation of the blood in the web of a frog's foot.

LESSON III.

THE BLOOD AND THE LYMPH. Pp. 58-73.

§1-3. The properties of a drop of blood, corpuscles, plasma,

coagulation.

4. Red corpuscles.

5,6. Colourless corpuscles; their contractility.

7. Development of corpuscles; the red corpuscles are probably

derived from the colourless ones.

8. Red corpuscles of shed blood tend to stick together in

rolls.

9. Blood-crystals.

10, 11. Coagulation of blood; fibrin, crassamentum or clot, serum

12. Buffy coat.

13. Influence of circumstances on the rapidity of coagulation.

14 Nature of the process of coagulation; globulin, fibrin-

ogen.

15. The physical qualities of the blood.

16. The chemical composition of the blood.

17. Influence of age, sex, food, &c on the blood.

18. Total quantity of blood in the body.

19. The vivifying influence of blood over the tissues; trans-

fusion.

20. The Lymph.

LESSON IV.

RESPIRATION. Pp. 74-100.

§1. The blood a highly complex product derived from all parts
of the body.

2. Blood rendered venous in the capillaries.

3. Difference between arterial and venous blood.

4. Diffusion of gases

5. Cause of change in colour of blood.

་

§ 6. Blood is changed from arterial to venous in the systemic,

and from venous to arterial in the pulmonary capillaries.

7. The essence of respiration.

8. Machinery of respiration. The air-passages and chambers.

9. Necessity for the renewal of the air in the lungs.

10. The respiratory act; inspiration, expiration.

11. Differences between inspired and expired air.

12. The amount of work done by the lungs.

13. The mechanism of the respiratory movements. The elasticity

of the lungs.

14. Contractility of the walls of the bronchial tubes. Ciliary

action.

15. Movements of the chest walls. The intercostal muscles.

16. The diaphragm.

17. Actions of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles compared.

18. Accessory muscles.

19. Sighing, coughing, &c.

20. The chest compared to a bellows. Residual, supplemental,

complemental, tidal, and stationary air.

21. The stationary air plays the part of a middle man.

22. Composition of stationary air.

23. The respiratory mechanism under the control of the nervous

system.

24, 25. Respiration and circulation compared.

26. The respiratory murmurs.

27. Inspiration assists the circulation.

28, 29. Effect of expiration on the circulation.

heart by distension of the lungs.

30. The activity of the respiratory process

circumstances of life.

31. Asphyxia.

32. Respiratory poisons.

33. Slow asphyxiation.

34. Necessity for an abundance of fresh air.

LESSON V.

Stoppage of the

modified by the

THE SOURCES OF LOSS AND OF GAIN TO THE BLOOD.

Pp. 101-132.

§1. Distribution of arterial blood.

2-4. The blood in various ways meets with constant or in-

termittent gains and losses of material and heat.

5. Tabular view of the sources of loss and gain.

§6. The loss by the kidneys. The urinary apparatus.

7. Composition of urine.

8. Kidneys and lungs compared.

9. The structure of the kidney.

10, II. Changes in the blood while passing through the kidney.

12. The nervous system controls the excretion of urine.

13. The loss by the skin. Sensible and insensible perspiration.

14. Quaniity and composition of sweat.

15. Perspiration by simple transudation.

16. Sweat-glands.

17. These glands are controlled by the nervous system.

18. Variations in the quantity of matter lost by perspiration.

19. The lungs, skin, and kidneys compared together.

20. The liver, its connexions and structure.

21. The active powers of the liver-cells.

22. The bile. Iis quantity and composition.

23. Bile is formed in the liver-cells.

24. Sources of gain of maiter.

lungs.

Gain of oxygen through the

25. Gain of corpuscles and of sugar through the liver.

26. Experimenial proof of the formation of sugar in the

liver. Glycogen.

27. Gain by the lymphatics.

28. The spleen.

29. Gain of heat.

Generation of heat by oxidation.

30. Distribution of heat by the blood current.

31. Temperature of the body kept down by evaporation.

Adjustment by means of the nervous system.

32. The glands are intermittently active sources of loss.

Structure and functions of glands.

33. Gain of waste products from the muscles.

LESSON VI.

THE FUNCTION OF ALIMENTATION.

Pp. 133-155.

§1. The alimentary canal, the chief source of gain.

2. The quantity of dry, solid, and gaseous aliment daily

taken in by a man.

3. The quantity of dry solid matter daily lost by a man.

4. Classification of aliments. Proteids, Fats, Amyloids,

Minerals. The chief vital food-stuffs.

5. Their ultimate analysis. The presence of Proteids and

Minerals in food indispensable.

b

§ 6. No absolute necessity for other food-stuffs.

7. Nitrogen starvation.

8. Disadvantages of a purely nitrogenous diet.

9. Economy of a mixed diet.

10. Advantage of combining different articles of food.

II. Intermediate changes undergone by food in the body.

12. Division of food-stuffs into heat-producers and tissue-

formers misleading.

13. Function of the alimentary apparatus. The mouth

and pharynx.

14. The salivary glands.

15. The teeth.

16. Eating and swallowing.

17. Drinking.

18. The stomach and the gastric juice.

19. Artificial digestion.

20. Chyme. Absorption from the stomach.

21. The large and small intestines.

22. The intestinal glands and juice. The valvula conniventes

and villi. Peristaltic contraction.

23. Entrance of bile and pancreatic juice.

24. Chyle. Absorption from the intestines.

25. Digestion in the large intestine.

LESSON VII.

MOTION AND LOCOMOTION. Pp. 156—186.

§1. The vital eddy. The source of the active powers of the

economy.

2. The organs of motion are cilia and muscles.

3. Cilia.

4. Muscles. Muscular contraction. Rigor mortis.

5. Hollow muscles.

6. Muscles attached to levers. The three orders of levers.

7. Examples, in the body, of levers of the first order.

8. Examples of levers of the second order.

9. Examples of levers of the third order.

10. The same parts may represent, in turn, each of the three

orders.

11. Foints or articulations. Imperfect joints.

12. Structure of perfect joints.