THE NOMENCLATURE

OF

CONCHOLOGY.

UNIVALVES.

THE SEVERAL PARTS OF UNIVALVE SHELLS WITH THEIR SPECIFIC MARKS, FORMS, AND

LATIN.

DISTINCTIONS.

ANFRACTUS. The WREATHS or WHORLS; the circumvolutions of the spire around the Columella, are either

ancipites. Two-edged; longitudinally carinate at the sides, or

bifidi. Bifid; divided transversely by a line or furrow, as it were, by a suture.

canaliculati. Channelled; having a small excavated channel along the suture.

carinati. Keeled; the whorls compressed angu

larly.

contigui. Contiguous; growing together. coronati. Crowned; surrounded towards the apex with a simple row of protuberances or spines.

distantes. Disjoined; perfectly separate at the

sides.

frondosi. Leafy; having the varices spreading into leaf-like or crested forms.

imbricati. Imbricated; covered with scales laid partly one over the other like tiles. indivisi. Entire; opposed to bifid.

lamellati. Lamellate; plated, surrounded transversely with membranaceous excrescences. lineati. Lined; engraven with lines, either raised or excavated; either longitudinal, extending from the apex to the base, transverse, following the course of the whorls, or striate, rendered rough by transverse striæ.

"Lines" sometimes express the tracing only of the colour.

obsoleti. Obsolete; having the suture obliterated.

scrobiculati. Scrobiculate; covered with small pits or excavations.

scripti.. Lettered; marked with various characters resembling letters.

sinistri. Left-handed; heterostrophous, turning round the pillar from right to left, instead of pursuing their usual, opposite,

course.

spinoso-radiati. Spinosely radiate; beset with spines in a circle, either concatenate, united at their bases, or setaceous, like bristles.

striati. Striate; encompassed with very fine raised or excavated lines: punctate striæ are those which have elevated or impressed points placed along them; the points may be concatenate, strung like beads, or per tuse, deeply excavated.

sulcati. Sulcated; marked with broader lines, either hollow, ridged, or elevated.

APERTURA. APERTURE, MOUTH; the orifice, entrance, or opening of the shell.

bimarginata. Bimarginate; having the lip with a double margin.

bilabiata. Bilabiate; constructed with both an

internal and external lip; in opposition to

those shells which are destitute of the in

terior one.

dehiscens. Gaping; the lower part of the lip being distended.

coarctata. Coarctate; contracted, straight: opposed to effuse.

effusa. Effuse; having the lips separated by a sinus or gutter, so that if the shell were

filled with water it would flow out at the

back part.

reflexa. Reflex; having the fore part of the lip reflected towards the lowest whorl.

repanda. Spreading; having broad open lips. resupinata. Resupinate; turned upwards. transversa. Transverse; situated in a plane parallel to the inclination of the spiral line of the whorls; in the direction of that line.

dentata.

Dentate; furnished with teeth.

APEX. APEX, TIP; summit of the spire. decollatus. Decollate; apparently mutilated,

having the spire, or the upper part of it, horizontally cut off.

papillaris. Papillary; opposed to acute, having the apex semi-globular.

ARTICULI. JOINTS; the parts of the whorls, in

some of the Nautili, between the genicula. BASIS. BASE; the opposite extremity to the apex ; in some shells that part of the belly which is next the aperture, in others the very lowest point of the beak. In this sense it is either emarginate, indented by a deep canal, or entire, without indentation.

CANALIS. CANAL; a continuation or prolonga

tion of the aperture along the beak which forms a gutter by the involution of its sides. CAUDA, ROSTRUM. BEAK; the elongated bases of the belly, lips and columella.

abbreviata. Abbreviated; shorter than the lower

whorl.

clausa. Closed; having the edges of the canal meeting, or nearly so.

elongata. Elongated; longer than the body. explanata. Plain; dilated at the margins. truncata. Truncate; cut off transversely.

C