as a tutor aria preacher. CHAP. VI. points of discipline, confining his discourses, whether in the pulpit or the chair, to the enforcement of Scriptural truth'. His spess He did this, as a preacher, by a homely, effective line of argument which, while essentially popular, seems to have also interested and attracted the scholar. His sermons,' says Fuller, were not so plain but that the piously learned did admire them, nor so learned but that the plain did understand them. What was said of Socrates, that he first humbled the towering speculations of philosophers into practice and morality; so our Perkins first brought the schools into the pulpit, and, unshelling their controversies out of their hard school terms, made thereof plain and wholesome meat for his people". His collected writings. Leggatt's testimony to their wide popularity. Perkins' numerous writings have been frequently collected, and in his own age were especially valued as a complete repertory of practical teaching on all points of Christian ethics. As a teacher of systematic morality, he must be looked upon indeed as the founder of a school which will shortly claim some notice. 'I doubt not,' says Legatt, the Cambridge printer, in his 'Address to the Reader' prefixed to the handsome edition of the collected works in three volumes folio, printed in 1612, 'I doubt not but in your exactest censure, you will conspire with those learned men who, for the profitable instruction they containe in all, or the most points of Christianitie, for the more common good of the Church of God, have deemed them worthy their godly labours, by translating them into divers languages, as into Latine, Dutch, Spanish, etc.,-a thing not ordinarily observed in other writings of these our times3.' 1 Cooper, Athenae, 11 335-6. 'Being pressed by others about the lawfulness of subscription, he declined to manifest his opinion therein, glad to enjoy his own quiet, and to leave others to the liberty of their own consciences.' Fuller-Brewer, v 170. It is evident however that Perkins disapproved of Separatism: on one occasion he writes, Those therefore that make a separation from our Church, because of corruptions in it, are far from the spirit of Christ and his Apostles.' Works, In 389. [This passage is applied by the index-maker to the Brownists]. Heylin says that the publication of his Armilla Aurea was the occasion of Baro's demonstration of opposed tenets. Aerius Redivivus, p. 341; for Baro see supra, pp. 326–7. 2 Quoted in Cooper, Athenae, 11 336. 3 The Works of that famous and worthy Minister of Christ in the Universitie of Cambridge, Mr William Perkins. Printed at London by John Reformed Among his various treatises, the list of which in Cooper's CHAP. VI. Athenae reaches to forty in number, his Reformed Catholicke Perkins" ranks as his masterpiece, and was regarded by his Ultra- Catholike montane opponents themselves as the ablest exposition of the Protestant standpoint'. At the time of his death in 1602, his reputation was scarcely inferior to that which Whitaker enjoyed when carried off seven years before. While in after years, Phineas Fletcher, no contemptible judge, apostrophized him as 'our wonder,-living, though long dead".' CARY, Christ's, Under Valentine Cary, who succeeded Barwell in 1609, VALENTINE there ensued not only a great reform in the college adminis- master of tration, but also a marked departure from those Calvinistic i09-20. doctrines which Perkins had uniformly defended. Cary, who was a native of Northumberland, had twice been elected to a fellowship at St John's, and had been a candidate for the mastership after Clayton's death. In Baker's opinion, indeed, he would certainly have been elected, if merit alone had been permitted to decide the choice between him and Owen Gwynne. He was however unpopular both at St John's and at Christ's on account of his anti-Calvinistic tenets; and Williams, who had gained his fellowship in 1603, seems to have rather plumed himself on the reflexion that his opposition had been fatal to Cary's election by the former society. It can scarcely surprise us to find that Cary retaliated in some measure on his opponents, and that it soon became known that Christ's College was no longer a society where the profession of Puritanical principles was likely to prove the Legatt, Printer to the Universitie of 1 I have not seene any book of like quantity, published by a Protestant, to containe either more mat-ter, or delivered in better method.' See Abbot (R.), A Defence of the Reformed Catholike of M. W. Perkins, etc. 2 pts. 1606. This is written in answer to Bishop, bishop of Chalcedon, by Robt. Abbot, afterwards bishop of Salisbury, who in the 2nd part cites the above admission (made by Bishop in his Counter-Catholike) against Bishop himself. 2 Fletcher (P.), Poeticall Miscellanies (ed. Grosart), 111 263. 1599 3 He was admitted 26 Mar. 1591 and again 14 Mar. 1888. BakerMayor, pp. 291 & 292. Ibid. p. 292; Hacket, Life of Archbishop Williams, 1 22; supra, p. 470, n. 3. 'Dr Carye, ......who, as they thinke, hadd it not been for me, hadd gott the maistershippe of St John's.' Williams to Sir John Wynne, 13 Sept. 1612: see Letters of Archbishop Williams (ed. John E. B. Mayor), p. 16. CHADERTON, master of Emmanuel, career at Christ's college. CHAP. VI. road to advancement. To this circumstance we may partly LAURENCE attribute the overflowing numbers at Emmanuel. Laurence Chaderton, the brother-in-law of Whitaker, of whom, in a 1584-1622. preceding page', we caught a glimpse, urging on the great divine to stand firm against the Lutherans' at Lambeth, had ruled the society from its first commencement, and had done so with credit to himself and to the no small advantage of the college. His whole career, indeed, had been eminently His previous distinguished. When at Christ's College in his younger days, he had achieved a marked success as a tutor, and could afterwards reckon the great Perkins himself among the number of his pupils. Although a decided Calvinist in his views, he was sufficiently free from prejudice to espouse the cause of Ramus, and his biographer asserts that it was owing to Chaderton's influence that Downham was induced to commence his lectures on the new logic3. In the year in which Valentine Cary entered upon his mastership at Christ's, fortyseven years had elapsed since Laurence Chaderton, already twenty-five years of age, had entered at the same college. In 1609, he was accordingly in his seventy-second year. But his physical powers showed little diminution. Emmanuel was increasing not only in numbers but in revenues, and its prosperous condition was largely attributable to his able rule. So long as Bancroft lived, moreover, Chaderton's presence was in itself a shield stretched over the society. His intimacy The archbishop and the master of Emmanuel had been Bancroft and fellow-students at Christ's; and, on one occasion, when in each other's company, had become involved in one of the customary fierce frays with the townsmen. Bancroft was in His able administration. with its origin. 1 Supra, p. 338. 2 Quorum ut unum saltem memorem ex illius schola prodiit immortale illud Ecclesiae nostrae decus (Perkinsium volo) qui, pro illo vitae suae brevi curriculo, tot scripta reliquit, tam docte, pie, et nervose scripta, quot alii certe pauci, quantumvis longiore temporis intervallo.' Dillingham, Vita Laurentii Chadertoni, p. 14; see also translation of same by E. S. Shuckburgh, M.A. (1884), p. 8. 3 Ibid. p. 15. 4 Hoc suae curae ac tutelae concreditum collegium Chadertonus tanta cum fide, prudentia ac industria administrabat, et res ejus, qua amicorum beneficentia, qua sua imprimis frugalitate, in tantum auxit, ut e parvis initiis in justam tandem collegii staturam adoleverit; plurimosque deinde viros ediderit doctrina simul ac pietate conspicuos, eosdemque magna Ecclesiae nostrae ornamenta.' Ibid. pp. 19-20. imminent peril, when Chaderton came to his rescue, and, not CHAP. VI. without injury to himself, rescued his fellow collegian from danger'. The incident proved the foundation of a friendship which lasted as long as their joint lives, and Bancroft, severe and inquisitorial as was his administration of the primacy, could never bring himself to deal harshly with Puritan Emmanuel. LEGGE, Caius, At Caius College, Dr Legge had long outlived the odium THOMAS attaching to his supposed sympathy with popery, and his master of career, until his death in 1607, had been eminently suc- 1573 1607. cessful. His genial character and real worth had won for him the good-will of fellows and scholars alike, while his efforts on behalf of learning had materially contributed to the advancement of the society. His generous benefaction at his death enabled the college to follow the example of Trinity and St John's by erecting new buildings,-the same which, before the recent improvements, formed the exterior of the college as seen from Trinity Street. His successor, William Branthwaite, William who possessed like virtues and like tastes, was largely occupied master from during his mastership (1607-1618) in collecting the valuable library which he subsequently bequeathed to the college3. Branthwaite, 1607-1618. TYNDALL, Queens', At Queens' College, Humphrey Tyndall, whose name has HUMPHREY already on several occasions come before us, had filled the president of office of president since 1579. He was a man of good descent, 1579—1614. his father and mother being both the offspring of knightly families'; while his somewhat varied experience of college life connected him with no less than three other foundations, he having been successively a pensioner of Gonville Hall, a scholar of Christ's, and a fellow of Pembroke. He had from His syn pathies with the first evinced his preference for the doctrines of the Puri- Puritanism. tan party, being among those who petitioned against the as an ad CHAP. VI. Elizabethan statutes, and having filled the post of chaplain to the earl of Leicester'. To Leicester's influence, indeed, combined with that of Burghley, he was indebted for his promotion to the presidentship of Queens', his appointment having been protested against by the fellows on the ground that he was juvenis et alienigena. The active part which he had taken in the drawing up of the Lambeth Articles marked him out for the dislike of the party headed by Bancroft; while as a married man he could hardly have been regarded with favour by a monarch who thought fit to enact Ilis defects that masters of colleges should be celibate3. To many, inministrator. deed, Tyndall must have seemed to afford only too striking an illustration of the wisdom of James' injunction, for, uxoriously devoted to a young wife and somewhat disregard ful of the college statute relating to his office*, he resided mainly at his deanery at Ely and the management of the society devolved altogether on the fellows. Among their number was Oliver Bowles, whose reputation as an able and conscientious tutor was second to that of none in the university; and among Bowles' pupils at the commencement of the century was a young Lancashire man, John Preston by name, who had migrated from King's College. In 1609, Preston, then in his twenty-third year, was elected to a fellowship at Queens', and already the general impression of his singular ability was such that in the almost universal opinion he seemed marked out for brilliant success, whatever might be His physical the particular career that he should adopt in life. Nature had bestowed upon him a fine person, comely features, a commanding glance, and a graceful bearing; while a certain subdued melancholy, perceptible alike in his countenance and in his tones, rather added to the fascination which this re JOHN PRESTON: and intel lectual en dowments. 1 Searle, History of Queens' College, p. 351. 2 Ibid. pp. 355-6. 3 State Papers (Dom.) James I, LXXXVI 61. See the college statute de Residentia Praesidentis: 'Cum certissima rerum omnium experientia edocti sumus, rempublicam omnem brevi casuram, quae suo rectore destitui tur;' etc. Documents, 111 21. 5 On Bowles see Matthew Robinson (ed. J. E. B. Mayor), p. 128 n. 6 Coming not from Eaton school, but from another, he could not be of the foundation, and was therefore uncapable of those preferments in the College that were of most worth.' Ball, Life of Preston (Clarke's Lives, ed. 1659), p. 76. |