especially Low Latin, see Bernheim (No. 2), 209-11. The best account of Anglo-French is in W. W. Skeat's Principles of English Etymology, 2nd series, Oxford, 1891, pp. 1-136. See also D. Behrens, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Französischen Sprache in England, Heilbronn, 1886; Johan Vising, Etude sur le Dialecte Anglonormand du xiie Siècle, Upsala, 1882, pp. 104; Emil Busch, Lautund Formenlehre der Anglonormannischen Sprache des xiv. Jahrhunderts, Greifswald, 1887, pp. 71; and No. 352.

a. ENGLISH.

See No. 215; and R. P. Wülker, Grundriss zur Geschichte der Angelsächsischen Litteratur (Leipsic, 1885), 99-101.

188. BOSWORTH, JOSEPH. An Anglo-Saxon dictionary, based on the manuscript collections of the late Joseph Bosworth, ed. T. N. Toller. Oxford, 1882-[98].

The best Anglo-Saxon dictionary; it entirely replaces Bosworth's Dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon Language (London, 1838), which is unreliable.

189. Catholicon Anglicum, an English-Latin word-book, dated 1483, ed. S. J. H. Herrtage. Early English Text Soc.

1881.

-The same edition, Camden Soc., London, 1882.

190. Century dictionary (The), ed. W. D. Whitney. New York, [1889–91].

191. GREIN, C. W. M.

Dichter.

London,

6 vols.

Sprachschatz der angelsächsischen

2 vols. Cassel, etc., 1861-64.

A good glossary of words found in Anglo-Saxon poetry.

192. HALLIWELL, J. O. A dictionary of archaic and provincial words, obsolete words, proverbs, and ancient customs, from the fourteenth century. 2 vols. London, 1846. 10th edition, 1887.

The various editions seem to have been printed from the same plates.

193. *MÄTZNER, EDUARD. Altenglische Sprachproben, nebst einem Wörterbuch. Vol. ii. Wörterbuch, pts. i.-xii. (A-M). Berlin, 1872-96.

194. *MURRAY, J. A. H., and BRADLEY, HENRY. A new English dictionary on historical principles; founded mainly on the materials collected by the Philological Society. Vols. i.-v. (A-I). Oxford, 1888-1900.

195. NARES, ROBERT. A glossary of words, phrases, etc., in the works of English authors. London, 1822. - New edition, by J. O. Halliwell and Thomas Wright, 2 vols., 1859; reprinted, 1888.

196. Promptorium parvulorum sive clericorum, lexicon AngloLatinum princeps, auctore fratre Galfrido Grammatico dicto, a.d. circa 1440, ed. Albert Way. Camden Soc. 3 vols. London, 1843-45.

197. STRATMANN, F. H. A dictionary of the old English language. Krefeld, 1867; 3rd edition, 1878. - New edition, by Henry Bradley: A middle-English dictionary. Oxford, 1891.

Bradley's edition is especially valuable.

198. SWEET, HENRY. The student's dictionary of Anglo-Saxon. Oxford, 1897.

199. WRIGHT, JOSEPH. The English dialect dictionary. Pts. i.-x. (A-G). London, [1896-1900].

Contains English dialect words which are known to have been in use at any time during the last two hundred years in England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The seventy-seven volumes published by the English Dialect Society between 1873 and 1895 will be incorporated in this dictionary.

b. FRENCH.

'I know of nothing more disgraceful to such a land as England, the lawyers of which have made more or less use of Anglo-French for some eight hundred years, than the fact that no one has yet taken in hand to make a reasonably useful dictionary, or even a vocabulary, of this highly important language:' W. W. Skeat, Principles of English Etymology, 2nd series, 1891, p. 26. See Nos. 200, 204, 206-7.

200. ATKINSON, ROBERT. Vie de Seint Auban [St. Alban]. London, 1876.

Contains a valuable Anglo-French glossary, pp. i.-cxlvii.

201. BURGUY, G. F. Grammaire de la langue d'oïl, suivi d'un glossaire. 3 vols. Berlin, 1853-56. 2nd edition, 1869-70.

Vol. iii. Glossaire.

202. DU CANGE, C. DUFRESNE. Glossaire françois, faisant suite au Glossarium media et infimæ Latinitatis, ed. Léopold Favre. 2 vols.

Niort, 1879.

This glossary will also be found in vol. vii. of Henschel's edition of the Glossarium, and in vol. ix. of Favre's: see No. 213.

203. *GODEFROY, FRÉDÉRIC. Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française. 9 vols. [with supplement, A-P]. Paris, 1881-99. Abridged edition, in 1 vol. : Lexique de l'ancien Français. Pts. i.-ii. Paris, 1898-99.

204. KELHAM, ROBERT. A dictionary of the Norman or old French language; to which are added the laws of William the Conqueror. London, 1779.

This glossary comprises mainly words found in the medieval records of England. It is incomplete and unscholarly. The Laws of William the Conqueror have a separate title-page and pagination.

205. LA CURNE DE SAINTE-PALAYE, J. B. Dictionnaire historique de l'ancien langage françois. 10 vols. Niort, etc., 1875-82.

206. LUDERS, ALEXANDER. Essay on the use of the French language in our ancient laws. [Bath, 1807.] pp. 82.

206 a. MÉTIVIER, GEORGES. Dictionnaire franco-normand, ou recueil des mots de Guernesey. London, etc., 1870.

207. MOISY, HENRI. Glossaire comparatif anglo-normand. 7 pts. Caen, etc., 1889-95.

The introduction deals with the structure of Anglo-French. The work as a whole is inaccurate and untrustworthy.

208. ROQUEFORT, J. B. B. Glossaire de la langue romane. 2 vols. and supplement. Paris, 1808-20.

209. TOYNBEE, PAGET. Specimens of old French. Oxford, 1892. Contains a useful glossary, pp. 205.

c. LATIN.

See Nos. 189, 196.

210. BRINCKMEIER, EDUARD. Glossarium diplomaticum. 2 vols. Gotha, 1850-63.

211. DIEFENBACH, LORENZ. Glossarium Latino-Germanicum mediæ et infimæ ætatis. [A supplement to Henschel's edition of Du Cange's Glossarium.] Frankfort, 1857.

212. infimæ ætatis.

Novum glossarium Latino-Germanicum mediæ et
Frankfort, 1867.

213. *DU CANGE, C. DUFRESNE. Glossarium mediæ et infimæ Latinitatis, ed. G. A. L. Henschel. 7 vols. Paris, 1840-50. — Other editions: 3 vols., Paris, 1678; by Benedictines and Pierre Carpentier, 10 vols., Paris, 1733-66; by Léopold Favre, 10 vols., Niort, 1883-87.

The best glossary of Low Latin; a rich mine of information concerning the middle ages. Some of the additions made by Favre are of doubtful value. W. H. Maigne d'Arnis's Lexicon Manuale ad Scriptores Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (Paris, 1858, reprinted 1866) is a useful compendium of Du Cange's work, with some additions.

214. SPELMAN, HENRY. Glossarium archaiologicum. 3rd edition. London, 1687. — Only a part of the 1st edition, 1626, was published; 2nd edition, 1664.

215. WRIGHT, THOMAS. A volume of vocabularies. 2 vols. London, 1857-73. 2nd edition, by R. P. Wülker: Anglo-Saxon and old English vocabularies [Latin-English]. 2 vols. London, 1884.

Vol. i. Vocabularies. | Vol. ii. Indexes.

$ 5. CHRONOLOGY.

The most complete treatise is Ideler's. Giry's Manuel (No. 233), bk. ii., contains an admirable account, with elaborate tables. The best handbooks in English are those of Bond and Nicolas. There is an essay, entitled Chronology of Medieval Historians, in Petrie's Monumenta (No. 537), 103-28. See also No. 235.

216. Art (L') de vérifier les dates. Paris, 1750. 4th edition, by N. V. de Saint-Allais and others, 44 vols., 1818-44.

The best of the older works. The 3rd edition, 3 vols., 1783-87, is more convenient to use than the 4th.

217. BOND, J. J.

dates.

Handy-book of rules and tables for verifying London, 1866. 4th edition, 1889.

One of the most useful books for students of English history, but the parts that deal with general chronology are in need of revision.

218. BUTCHER, SAMUEL. The ecclesiastical calendar: its theory and construction. Dublin, etc., 1877.

219. GROTEFEND, HERMANN. Handbuch der historischen Chronologie des deutschen Mittelalters und der Neuzeit. Hanover,

-

1872. New edition: Zeitrechnung des deutschen Mittelalters, etc. 2 vols. Hanover, 1891-98.

An excellent book, dealing mainly with Germany. Contains a valuable glossary and list of saints. His Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung, 1898, is a summary of the work published in 1891-98.

220. HAMPSON, R. T. Medii ævi kalendarium, or dates, charters, and customs of the middle ages. 2 vols. London, 1841. 221. IDELER, LUDWIG. Handbuch der Chronologie. 2 vols. Berlin, 1825-26. 2nd edition, Breslau, 1883.

The most complete treatise on the theory and history of chronological systems, but the author does not devote much attention to questions which interest students of diplomatics. His Lehrbuch der Chronologie, Berlin, 1831, is an abridgment of the larger work.

222. NICOLAS, [N.] H. The chronology of history. London, 1833. 2nd edition, 1838; reprinted, 1840, 1851.

223. PIPER, FERDINAND. Die Kalendarien und Martyrologien der Angelsachsen. Berlin, 1862.

224. RÜHL, FRANZ. Chronologie des Mittelalters und Neuzeit. Berlin, 1897.

One of the best handbooks.

225. SELBY, W. D. The jubilee date-book: the regnal years of the kings and queens of England. London, 1887. pp. 53.

An inexpensive and useful little book.

$ 6. PALEOGRAPHY AND DIPLOMATICS.

a. Manuals and Treatises, Nos. 226-50.

b. Facsimiles, Nos. 251-67.

Palæography is the study of the handwriting of former ages. Diplomatics is the study of the construction or constituent parts of records whereby we are enabled to determine their age and authenticity or historical value. Le paléographe,' says Léon Gautier, 'étudie le corps des chartes, le diplomatiste en étudie l'âme.' Mabillon was the founder of the science of diplomacy; and the greatest English diplomatist was George Hickes, whose monumental work (No. 234), as well as the whole subject of diplomatics, has been sadly neglected in England. In general, Hickes accepts the critical canons laid down by Mabillon, but combats some of the