79; Martin's Index and Palgrave's Kalendars (Nos. 475, 479); and, for modern works on the exchequer and revenue, §§ 18, 66. a. DOMESDAY BOOK AND SUPPLEMENTARY SURVEYS. Domesday Book was compiled in 1086. The material was collected by royal commissioners, probably in the shire courts, from the verdicts of local juries. This information was reduced to writing, and, having been rearranged and digested, was embodied in two volumes usually designated the Exchequer Domesday. The actual survey seems to have been made hundred by hundred, while Domesday Book, excepting Essex, Norfolk, and Suffolk, contains only abstracts of the survey rearranged under the names of tenantsin-chief; all the lands of each tenant-in-chief of the crown are given under his name, no matter in what hundred they may be. The first volume, sometimes called Great Domesday, containing 382 folios, includes thirty counties; the second, called Little Domesday, a smaller volume of 450 folios, comprises longer reports of Essex, Norfolk, and Suffolk. Round believes that the Great Domesday was 'a first attempt at the codification of the returns,' and that a new plan of arrangement was adopted for Little Domesday. The counties of Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Durham are not included in the survey, but parts of Cumberland and Westmoreland are included in Yorkshire. Lancashire and Rutlandshire are dealt with only in part, under the names of other shires. 'Domesday is a geld book, a tax book. Geldability, actual or potential, is its main theme.' The survey was intended primarily to ascertain the assessments for the payment of the king's geld and to prevent the evasion of its payment. Incidentally the survey furnishes a vast mass of details regarding the classes of society, land tenures, social life, and legal institutions of England, before and after the Norman Conquest. The Exchequer Domesday is supplemented by other records, which may be divided into three groups : 1. The Exon Domesday, a survey of the five south-western shires, the Inquest of Ely, and the Inquest of Cambridgeshire (Nos. 1884, 1893-6, 1909, 1912). These records seem to be fuller copies or digests of the original returns of the royal commissioners from which the Exchequer Domesday was compiled. 2. The geld inquests of Northamptonshire and the five southwestern counties (Nos. 1884, 1891, 1895, 1906, 1909). They record two assessments of Danegeld made between 1066 and 1084. 3. Various local surveys of the twelfth century, notably Liber Winton, Boldon Book (Nos. 1898, 1901), and four surveys which seem to be connected with the assessment of Danegeld in Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire, and Worcestershire (Nos. 1903-4, 1907, 1913). Among the older works on Domesday those deserving particular mention are two brief essays by P. C. Webb, one entitled A Short Account of Some Particulars concerning Domesday, 1756, and the other on Danegeld (No. 1590); Robert Kelham's Domesday Book Illustrated, 1788; Ellis's Introduction (No. 1886); J. F. Morgan's England under the Norman Occupation (No. 2821); Freeman's Norman Conquest, vol. v. ch. xxii. and appendix. The scholarly works of Eyton (Nos. 1887, 1897, 1909-10) have added much to our knowledge of the subject; and a still greater advance in the scientific study of the survey has been made in recent years by the researches of Maitland and Round (Nos. 1889, 1891). For incomplete bibliographies of the Domesday literature, see Nos. 1885, 1885 a. The extensions and translations of the following portions of Domesday are useful, especially for the identification of place names: Cheshire and Lancashire, by William Derbyshire, by Llewellynn Jewitt, Devon, by J. B. Rowe: No. 1895. Essex, by T. C. Chisenhale-Marsh, 1864. Hampshire, by Henry Moody, 1862. Huntingdonshire, 1864 (translation only). Kent, by L. B. Larking: No. 1902. Lincolnshire and Rutlandshire, by C. G. Smith [1870] (translation only). Sussex, by W. D. Parish: No. 1911. 1835; 2nd ed., by E. P. Shirley Wiltshire, by W. H. Jones: No. 1912. Worcestershire [by W. B. Sanders], 1864. For the full titles of these works, see the printed catalogue of the library of the British Museum under 'Domesday Book.' The most valuable of them are given below under the names of the counties (Nos. 1892-1914). General. 1884. *Domesday book seu Liber censualis Wilhelmi Primi regis Angliæ [ed. Abraham Farley]. 2 vols. [London, 1783.] Vols. iii.-iv. [ed. Henry Ellis], Record Com., [London], 1816. Domesday book, photozincographed facsimile. 33 [35] pts. Ordinance Survey Office, Southampton, 1861-64. Vol. iii. Indexes and general introduction. See No. 1886. Vol. iv. Additamenta : Exon Domesday, Inquisitio Eliensis, Liber Winton, Boldon Book. For the last three of these surveys, see Nos. 1893, 1898, 1901. The Exon Domesday, preserved among the muniments of the dean and chapter of Exeter, gives an account of Cornwall, Devon, Somerset, Dorset, and Wilts, derived directly or indirectly from the verdicts of the Domesday jurors; it contains some particulars omitted from the Exchequer Domesday. At the beginning of the MS., pp. 1-75 of Ellis's edition, we find the Inquisitio Geldi, an inquest for the assessment of a Danegeld levied in 1084 on the hundreds of these five counties. 1885. BIRCH, WALTER DE GRAY. Domesday book. London, etc., 1887. A popular account. Bibliography, 315-24. 1885 a. Domesday studies: papers read at the meeting of the Domesday commemoration, 1886, ed. P. E. Dove. 2 vols. London, 1888-91. The study of Domesday, by Stuart Danegeld and finance, by J. H. Round, The ploughland, by Isaac Taylor, i. 143-88. Measures of land, by J. H. Round, i. 189-225. Unit of assessment, by O. C. Pell, i. The church (episcopal endowments), An early reference to Domesday, by Some of these essays, especially those of Round, are valuable. On the early custody of Domesday, see also the papers by Round and Hall in the Antiquary, 1887, xv. 246-9, xvi. 8-12, 62-64. Round continues his discussion of measures of land in the Archæological Review, 1888–89, i. 285-95, iv. 130-40. See also No. 1891. Y 1886. ELLIS, HENRY. General introduction to Domesday book. Record Com. 2 vols. [London], 1833. An older edition will be found in vol. iii. of Domesday (No. 1884). Ellis gives useful statistics compiled from the great survey. 1887. EYTON, R. W. Notes on Domesday. Reprinted from the Transactions of the Shropshire Archæological Society, 1877. London, etc., 1880. pp. 20. See Nos. 1897, 1909–10. 1888. KELHAM, ROBERT. Domesday book illustrated. London, 1788. The best of the older works on Domesday. Glossary, 145-369. 1889. *MAITLAND, F. W. Domesday book and beyond. Cambridge, 1897. Domesday, 1-219. Deals with its plan, the various classes of persons and tenures which it mentions, the manors, boroughs, etc. The best analysis of the contents of Domesday. See No. 1891. 1890. POLLOCK, FREDERICK. English Hist. Review, xi. 209-30. A good short account. A brief survey of Domesday. London, 1896. 1891. *ROUND, J. H. Feudal England. London, 1895. Domesday, 3-146. The Northamptonshire geld roll, 1066– 75, pp. 147-56. The knights of Peterborough, Hen. I., 157-68. The Worcestershire survey, Hen. I., 169-80. The Lindsey survey, 1115–18, pp. 181 -95. The Leicestershire survey, 1124-29, The Northamptonshire survey, Hen. I. Round propounds the new theory that the assessment of land in Domesday is based on the five-hide unit in south England and on the six-carucate unit among the Danes in the north. He also throws light on other problems: for example, on the relations of the inquests of Ely and Cambridgeshire to the original returns of the Domesday jurors. In the English Historical Review, 1900, xv. 293-302, he criticises Maitland's definition of the Domesday manor (No. 1889). 1892. AIRY, WILLIAM. shire. Bedford, 1881. Bedfordshire. A digest of the Domesday of Bedford Cambridgeshire. 1893. *Inquisitio comitatus Cantabrigiensis; subjicitur Inquisitio Eliensis ed. N. E. S. A. Hamilton. Royal Soc. of Literature. London, 1876. The Inquest of Cambridgeshire seems to be a copy of the original returns from which Domesday was compiled. This copy was made in the latter part of the 12th century, and it deals with the holders of lands in Cambridgeshire. Hamilton prints the texts of the Inquest and Domesday in parallel columns. The Inquest of Ely (Hamilton, pp. 97-195) relates to the lands of Ely abbey in Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire, Essex, Norfolk, Suffolk, and Huntingdonshire. Round believes that it is copied in part from the original returns of the Domesday jurors and in part from the second volume of the Exchequer Domesday. Hamilton's edition is better than that of Ellis (No. 1884). 1894. WALKER, BRYAN. On the measurements and valuations of the Domesday of Cambridgeshire. Cambridge Antiq. Soc., Communications, v. 93-129 and supplement. Cambridge, 1886 [1884]. Bryan also has a paper on the Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis, ibid., 1891 [1887], vi. 45–64. Devonshire. For various papers on the Devon Domesday by O. J. Reichel, see Devon. Assoc. for Advancement of Science, etc., Trans., 189498, vols. xxvi.-xxx. 1895. The Devonshire Domesday and geld inquest: extensions, translations, and indices [ed. J. B. Rowe and others]. Devon. Assoc. for Advancement of Science, etc. 2 vols. Plymouth, 1884-92. Contains the Devon portions of both the Exchequer Domesday and the Exon Domesday. 1896. WHALE, T. W. Analysis of Exon Domesday. Devon. Assoc. for Advancement of Science, etc., Trans., xxviii. 391-463. Plymouth, 1896. Deals especially with the part relating to Devon. Dorset. 1897. EYTON, R. W. A key to Domesday, exemplified by an analysis and digest of the Dorset survey. London, etc., 1878. Valuable. |