Baltic, and Cork stations. In the Myrtle he appears to have likewise performed the duties of lieutenant and master, and he took up, on leaving her, a lieutenant's commission, dated 3 March 1815. His last appointment was to the coastguard, in which he served from April 1827 until October 1829, when he resigned, owing to ill-health, induced by the exposure he had suffered in rescuing four men and a boy from a wreck in February 1828. His exertions on the occasion were acknowledged by a medal from the Society for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck.

In 1824 he presented to the admiralty a plan, subsequently adopted in principle, for registering merchant seamen.' In 1827 he proposed another plan, 'for propelling ships of war in a calm,' and on 6 March 1835 he further suggested to the board 'a plan for providing an ample supply of seamen for the fleet without impressment.' For this scheme he received the thanks of their lordships. His arguments were immediately employed in the House of Commons by Sir James Graham, first lord of the admiralty, and they were partially enforced by the addition of a thousand boys to the naval force of the country.

He was chiefly remarkable, however, for his devotion, during nearly half a century, to the pseudo science of astrology. In 1831 he brought out The Herald of Astrology,' which was continued as 'The Astrological Almanac' and 'Zadkiel's Almanac.' This sixpenny pamphlet, in which he published his predictions, under the signature of 'Zadkiel Tao-Sze,' became known far and wide among the credulous. It sold annually by tens of thousands, running up sometimes to an edition of two hundred thousand copies, and it secured him a moderate competence. Among other periodicals of a similar character edited by him were 'The Horoscope' and 'The Voice of the Stars.'

Morrison, who was considered by some to be a charlatan and by others a victim of a distinct hallucination, brought in 1863 an action for libel in the court of queen's bench against Admiral Sir Edward Belcher, who in a letter to the 'Daily Telegraph' had stated that 'the author of "Zadkiel " is the crystal globe seer who gulled many of our nobility about the year 1852.' At the trial, on 29 June 1863, it appeared that Morrison had pretended that through the medium of the crystal globe various persons saw visions, and held converse with spirits. Some persons of rank, however, who had been present at the séances, were called on behalf of the plaintiff, and testified that the crystal globe had been

shown to them without money payment. The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff, with 20s. damages, and the lord chief justice (Sir Alexander Cockburn) refused a certificate for costs (Times, 30 June 1863, p. 13, col. 1, and 1 July, p. 11, col. 4; IRVING, Annals of our Times, p. 653). It was said that the crystal globe was that formerly possessed by Dr. Dee (see DEE, JOHN, and KELLEY, EDWARD; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. iv. 109, 155, 288). Morrison died on 5 April 1874. He married, on 23 Aug. 1827, Miss Sarah Mary Paul of Waterford, and had issue nine children.

in re

His works are: 1. 'Narrative of the Loss of the Rothsay Castle Steam Packet in Beaumaris Bay,' 4th edit. with additions, London, 1831, 12mo. 2. 'Observations on Dr. Halley's great Comet, which will appear in 1835; with a History of the Phenomena attending its Return for six hundred years past,' 2nd edit. London, 1835, 12mo. 3. William Lilly's Introduction to Astrology,' with emendations, London, 1835 and 1852, 8vo, afterwards reprinted as 'The Grammar of Astrology.' T. H. Moody published 'A Complete Refutation of Astrology, consisting principally of a Series of Letters ply to the Arguments of . . . Morrison,' 1838, 8vo. 4. 'Zadkiel's Legacy, containing a Judgment of the great Conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter, on the 26th of January, 1842... also Essays on Hindu Astrology and the Nativity of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales,' London, 1842, 12mo. 5. 'Zadkiel's Magazine,' London, 1849, 8vo. 6. 'An Essay on Love and Matrimony,' London, 1851, 24mo. 7. 'The Solar System as it is, and not as it is represented,' London, 1857, 8vo, where the whole Newtonian scheme of the heavens is openly defied. 8. Explanation of the Bell Buoy invented by Lieut. Morrison,' London [1858], 8vo. 9.Astronomy in a Nutshell, or the leading Problems of the Solar System solved by Simple Proportion only, on the Theory of Magnetic Attraction,' London [1860], 8vo. 10. The Comet, a large lithographic Map on the true Course of Encke's Comet, with a letter to the Members of the Royal Astronomical Society,' London [1860], 8vo. 11. 'The Hand-Book of Astrology,' 2 vols. London, 1861-2, 12mo. 12. On the Great First Cause, his Existence and Attributes,' London, 1867, 12mo. 13. 'The New Principia, or true system of Astronomy. In which the Earth is proved to be the stationary Centre of the Solar System,' London [1868], 8vo; 2nd edit. 1872. 14. King David Triumphant! A Letter to the Astronomers of Benares,' London, 1871, 8vo.

MORRISON, ROBERT (1782-1834), missionary in China, son of James Morrison, was born 5 Jan. 1782 at Buller's Green, Morpeth, in Northumberland. When he was three years old his parents removed to Newcastle. There he was taught reading and writing by his maternal uncle, who was a schoolmaster, and at the proper age he was apprenticed to his father as a last and boot-tree maker. In 1798 he joined the presbyterian church, and three years later entered on a course of study of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew under the instruction of the Rev. W. Laidler. In 1802 his mother died, and his inclinations, which had for some time tended towards missionary work, now determined him to enter that field. He obtained admission to the Hoxton Academy (now Highbury College), and stayed there for a year from 7 Jan. 1803. He was then sent to the Missionary Academy at Gosport, which was under the superintendence of Dr. David Bogue [q. v.] In 1805 he was transferred to London to study medicine and astronomy, and to pick up any knowledge of the Chinese language which he could gain, it having been determined by the London Missionary Society to send him to China. By good fortune he met a Chinaman named Yong Samtak, who agreed to give him lessons in the language. Having made some acquaintance with the Chinese written character, he made a transcript of a Chinese manuscript at the British Museum, containing a harmony of the Gospels, the Acts, and most of the Pauline epistles; and copied a manuscript Latin and Chinese dictionary which was lent to him by the Royal Society. On 8 Jan. 1807 he was ordained at the Scots Church, Swallow Street, and at the end of the same month he embarked at Gravesend for Canton via America. After two years' labour in China, on 20 Feb. 1809 he married Miss Morton, at Macao, and on the same day was appointed translator to the East India Company. The fact that he had printed and published the New Testament and several religious tracts in Chinese came in 1815 to the knowledge of the East India Company's directors, who, fearing that it might influence the Chinese against the company, proposed to sever their connection with him. But their agents in China successfully urged them to retain his services. In 1817 he accompanied Lord Amherst as interpreter on his abortive mission to Peking, and in the same year he was

made D.D. by the university of Glasgow. In 1818 he succeeded in establishing the AngloChinese College at Malacca for the training of missionaries for the far East. Three years later his wife died, and in 1824 he returned to England, bringing with him a large Chinese library, which he ultimately bequeathed to University College. In November 1824 he married, secondly, a Miss Armstrong. About this time he interested himself in the establishment of the Language Institution in Bartlett's Buildings, London, and in 1826 he returned to Canton, where he resided until his death on 1 Aug. 1834. On 5 Aug. he was buried at Macao. He left seven children, two by his first wife and five by his second.

Morrison was a voluminous writer both in English and Chinese. His magnum opus was his 'Dictionary of the Chinese Language,' which appeared in three parts, between 1815 and 1823. At the time, and for many years afterwards, this work was, as Professor Julien said, 'without dispute the best Chinese dictionary composed in a European language.' After the conclusion of the work, in 1824, Morrison was elected F.R.S. He published also a Chinese grammar and several treatises on the language. His most important work in Chinese was a translation of the Bible, which, with the help of Dr. William Milne [q. v.], he published at Malacca in 21 vols. in 1823. He was the author also of translations of hymns and of the prayer-book, as well as of a number of tracts and serial publications.

The eldest son, JOHN ROBERT MORRISON (1814-1843), born at Macao in 1814, became in 1830 translator to the English merchants at Canton, and in 1833 he published 'The Chinese Commercial Guide,' supplying much valuable information respecting British commerce in Canton. On his father's death in 1834 he succeeded him as Chinese secretary and interpreter under the new system adopted by the British government after the withdrawal of the East India Company's charter. During the diplomatic. troubles which led to war between England and China in 1839, all the official correspondence of the English government with the Chinese authorities passed through Morrison's hands. He was attached to the British forces during the campaigns of 1840-2. When peace was made and Hongkong ceded to England, Morrison became a member of the legislative and executive council, and officiating colonial secretary of the Hongkong government. He died of malarial fever at Hongkong in the autumn of 1843. The English plenipotentiary there, Sir Henry

A

the local descriptions.' It was dedicated to Morritt in token of sincere friendship,' and with the public intimation that the scene had been laid in his beautiful demesne.' further proof of this friendship was shown when Morritt was entrusted with the secret of the authorship of Waverley.' Scott's visits were renewed in 1815, 1826, 1828, and in September 1831, on his last journey to London and Italy. Many letters which passed between them are included in Lockhart's 'Life of Scott,' which contained particulars by Morritt of his visit to Scott in 1808 and of the manner in which Scott was lionised by London society in 1809. Many more of their letters are contained in the Familiar Letters of Sir Walter Scott,' 1894. Morritt was also acquainted with Stewart Rose, Payne Knight, Sir Humphry Davy, and Southey, the latter of whom stopped at Rokeby in July 1812, and made a short call there in November 1829 (SOUTHEY, Life and Correspondence, iii. 345–8, iv. 8, vi. 77).

Morritt, on Scott's invitation, became an occasional contributor to the 'Quarterly Review,' and his poem on 'The Curse of Moy, a Highland Tale,' appeared in the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border' (5th edit. iii. 451). He was elected a member of the Dilettanti Society on 2 June 1799, and his portrait as "arch-master' of its ceremonies, in the long crimson taffety-tasselled robe of office, was painted by Sir Martin Archer Shee for the society in 1831-2. An essay by him on the 'History and Principles of Antient Sculpture' forms the introduction to the second volume of Specimens of Antient Sculpture preserved in Great Britain,' which was issued by the society in 1835. The minutes of the council on its selection and printing are inserted in the Historical Notices of the Society of Dilettanti,' pp. 56-9. A volume of 'Miscellaneous Translations and Imitations of the Minor Greek Poets' was published by him in 1802. He composed the poetical inscription on the monument in York Minster to William Burgh [q. v.], whose widow left him the fine miniature of Milton which had been painted by Cooper.

Morritt died at Rokeby Park, 12 July 1843, aged 71. He married, by special license, at the house of Colonel Stanley, M.P., in Pall Mall, on 19 Nov. 1803, Katharine (d.1815), second daughter of the Rev. Thomas Stanley, rector of Winwick in Lancashire. He was buried by his wife's side in a vault under Rokeby Church, where a marble tablet, surmounted by a bust of him, was placed in their memory.

Morritt was one of the founders and a member of the first committee of the Travellers'

VOL. XXXIX.

Club in 1819. Scott calls him‘a man unequalled in the mixture of sound good sense, high literary cultivation, and the kindest and sweetest temper that ever graced a human bosom.' Wilberforce described him as 'full of anecdote,' and Sir William Fraser mentions him as a brilliant raconteur.

[Gent. Mag. 1791 pt. ii. pp. 780, 1156, 1803 pt. ii. p. 1085, 1815 pt. ii. p. 637, 1843 pt. ii. pp. 547-8; Annual Reg. 1843, p. 281; Burke's Landed Gentry, 4th ed., sub' Peirse' and 'Stanley;' Foster's York Pedigrees, sub Peirse;' Whitaker's Richmondshire; Park's Parl. Rep. of Yorkshire, pp. 151, 246; Lockhart's Scott, passim; Scott's Journal, i. 270-2, ii. 162-4, 195-7, 215; Sir W. Fraser's Hic et Ubique, pp. 238-43; Smiles's John Murray, ii. 453; Davies's York iv. 392, v. 241-3; Portraits of Dilettanti Soc. Press, pp. 300-1; Wilberforce's Life, iii. 318, p. 7; Hist. Notices, Dilettanti Soc. pp. 77-8.]

W. P. C.

MORS, RODERICK (d. 1546), Franciscan. [See BRINKELOW, HENRY.]

MORSE, HENRY (1595-1645), jesuit, known also as CLAXTON (his mother's name) and WARDE, was born in Norfolk in 1595, and studied law in one of the inns of court in London. Harbouring doubts concerning the protestant religion, he retired to the continent, and was reconciled to the Roman church at Douay. Afterwards he became an alumnus of the English College there. He entered the English College at Rome 27 Dec. 1618, and having completed his theological studies, and received holy orders, he was sent from Douay to the English mission 19 June 1624. He entered the Society of Jesus in the London novitiate in 1625, and was soon afterwards removed to the Durham district. Being apprehended, he was committed to York Castle, where he remained in confinement for three years. In 1632 he was at Watten, acting as prefect of health and consultor of the college. In 1633 he was minister and consultor at Liège College, and in the same year he became a missioner in the London district. He was again apprehended, committed to Newgate, tried and condemned to death in 1637, but the sentence was commuted to banishment at the intercession of Queen Henrietta Maria. In 1641-2 he was camp missioner to the English mission at Ghent. Two years later he had returned to England, and again appears as a missioner in the Durham district. He was arrested, carried in chains to London, tried, and, being condemned to death as a traitor on account of his sacerdotal character, was executed at Tyburn on 1 Feb. (N.S.) 1644–5.

In Father Ambrose Corbie's Certamen Triplex,' Antwerp, 1645, is an engraved por

trait, which is photographed in Foley's Records' [see CORBIE, AMBROSE]; two other portraits are mentioned by Granger (Biog. Hist. ii. 207).

A copy of Morse's diary, entitled 'Papers relating to the English Jesuits,' is preserved in the British Museum (Addit. MS. 21203). His elder brother, WILLIAM MORSE (d. 1649), born in Norfolk in 1591, was likewise a convert to the catholic faith, became a jesuit, and laboured on the English mission until his death on 1 Jan. 1648-9.

[An account of Morse's execution, entitled Narratio Gloriose Mortis quam pro Religione Catholica P. Henricvs Mors è Societate Iesv Sacerdos fortiter oppetijt Londini in Anglia. Anno Salutis, 1645. 1 Februarij stylo nouo Quem hic stylum deinceps sequemur, Ghent, 1645, 4to, pp. 21; a memoir appears in Ambrose Corbie's Certamen Triplex, Antwerp, 1645, 4to, pp. 95-144. See also Challoner's Missionary Priests, ii. 180; Dodd's Church Hist. iii. 120; Florus Anglo-Bavaricus, p. 82; Foley's Records, i. 566-610, vi. 288, vii. 527; Oliver's Jesuit Collections, p. 146; Tanner's Societas Jesu usque ad sanguinis et vitæ profusionem militans.]

T. C.

MORSE, ROBERT (1743-1818), general, colonel commandant royal engineers, inspector-general of fortifications, second son of Thomas Morse, rector of Langatt, Somer- 1 set, was born on 29 Feb. 1743. He entered the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich on 1 Feb. 1756, and while still a cadet received a commission as ensign in the 12th foot on 24 Sept. 1757. He was permitted to continue his studies at the Royal Military Academy, and on 8 Feb. 1758 was gazetted practitioner engineer. In May he joined the expedition under the Duke of Marlborough destined for the capture and destruction of St. Malo. The troops were landed at Cancale on 5 June, and the engineers covered the place with strong lines of trenches, but with the exception of the destruction of shipping and of some magazines nothing was done, and the troops re-embarked, and after demonstrations at Cherbourg and Havre returned home. Morse then joined the expedition under General Bligh directed against Cherbourg. The troops disembarked without resistance on 6 Aug., and, the French having abandoned the forts, the engineers demolished the defences and the wharves and docks The expedition sailed for England again on 18 Aug. Morse again accompanied Bligh the following month, when another attempt was made on St. Malo. The troops landed in St. Lunaire Bay on 4 Sept. but were unable to make any impression on the place,

Morse took part in the skirmishes at Plancoet on the 8th and Mantignon on the 9th. On the 11th the expedition hastily retreated to their ships, and embarked under heavy fire from the French, when over eight hundred were killed, drowned, or made prisoners. Morse was slightly wounded.

Soon after his return to England he was placed on the staff of the expedition, under General Hobson, for the reduction of the French islands of the Caribbean Sea. The expedition sailed for Barbados on 12 Nov., and disembarked without loss in Martinique on 14 Jan. 1759. Shortly after the troops were re-embarked and carried to Guadeloupe. Basseterre, the capital, was taken, and the whole island reduced, the French evacuating it by the capitulation of 1 May. Morse was promoted lieutenant and sub-engineer on 10 Sept. 1759, and on his return to England at the end of the year was employed on the coast defences of Sussex.

In 1761 Morse served in the expedition against Belleisle, off the coast of Brittany, under General Hodgson. The force, which was strong in engineers, arrived off the island on 7 April, but an attempted disembarkation failed, with a loss of five hundred men. Bad weather prevented another attempt until 21 April, when a landing was effected, and the enemy driven into the citadel of Palais, a work of considerable strength, requiring a regular siege. There is a journal of the siege in the royal artillery library at Woolwich, by an officer who was present at the siege.' A practicable breach was established in June, and on the 7th of that month the garrison capitulated, and the fort and island were occupied by the British. Morse was employed in repairing and restoring the fortifications, and returned to England with General Hodgson.

Morse served with the British forces in Germany, under John Manners, marquis of Granby q.v.], in 1762 and 1763, and acted as aide-de-camp to Granby, in addition to carrying out his duties as engineer. He was also assistant quartermaster-general. Here sent at the various actions of the W campaign, in which the British part. At the love of the war ho the officers a to Holland to mala vention with States-General passage of these troops through country, and hed the embarlos the army. He omoted captai tenant and engu 1768

On his return t offices of Old Geor termustel of