the family, and Morell himself tells us that he chose it as his own 'destination even from a child.' At seventeen, therefore, he was entered as a probationer at Homerton College under Dr. Pye Smith. He travelled far outside the ordinary class-work, and Greek and Latin, French and German, were added to the study of theology. The theological course over, Morell's health was so impaired that he resolved to qualify himself for teaching, lest pastoral work should be found beyond his strength. From Homerton he accordingly went to Glasgow University, where he read with diligence, and gained the first prize for logic and moral philosophy. He graduated B.A. with honours in 1840, and proceeded M.A. in 1841. Leaving Glasgow, he went, in the summer of 1841, to Bonn, where he gave himself to theology and philosophy, studying under Fichte, whose influence he felt all his life. Returning to England, Morell began his ministry as an independent at Gosport in August 1842, and in October of the same year was fully ordained.' His creed was hardly of the type usually associated with the nonconformity of a place like Gosport, and his ministry there closed in 1845.

In 1846 he published his 'Historical and Critical View of the Speculative Philosophy of Europe in the Nineteenth Century.' Though the book came from a young and unknown author, it reached a second edition in the year after its appearance. Not the least of its praises was Mansel's confession, years after its appearance, that this was the book which 'more than any other gave me a taste for philosophical study.' Chalmers was so impressed that he tried to secure for Morell the chair of moral philosophy at Edinburgh. Laurence Oliphant was much affected' by it (Life of Laurence Oliphant, i. 217); while Lord Lansdowne, then president of the privy council, who wanted a nonconformist as inspector of schools, offered the post to Morell on reading his book. After some hesitation he accepted the office, and held it from 1848 until 1876. As an inspector Morell was thorough, conscientious, and searching, kindly and sympathetic alike to children and teachers. But the new duties did not arrest Morell's literary work. Four lectures on "The Philosophical Tendencies of the Age,' delivered in Edinburgh and Glasgow, were followed in 1849 by a careful and suggestive inquiry into The Philosophy of Religion,' which was keenly discussed, more especially in Scotland. Profiting by his close acquaintance with elementary school life, Morell in 1852 published the first of his works dealing with English grammar, 'The Analysis of Sentences.' Then came, in 1855, 'The Essen

tials of English Grammar and Analysis' and the Handbook of Logic,' while the 'Grammar of the English Language' appeared in 1857. Few educational works of that period had a larger circulation, and he mainly devoted his leisure thenceforth to their compilation; but the issue of his 'Philosophical Fragments' in 1878 showed that his regard for philosophic inquiry was not diminished. For some years he edited the 'School Magazine,' the pages of which illustrate another side of his literary character by some verses of more than respectable merit. In 1881 Morell's health began to break; softening of the brain developed, and he died on 1 April 1891. He married Elizabeth Morell Wreford, but left no issue.

Morell's own position in metaphysical philosophy was that of an eclectic, with a decided leaning to idealism. His theological position showed the same independence. From the creed of Homerton he passed into a broader faith, which allowed him to worship for some years with protestant nonconformists, then with Anglican churchmen, and finally with unitarians.

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Morell's works were: 1. 'The Catholic Church: a Sermon,' London 1843. 2. 'The Evangelical Alliance,' a tract, London, 1846. 3. 'An Historical and Critical View of the Speculative Philosophy of Europe in the Nineteenth Century,' 2 vols. London, 1846; 2nd edit. enlarged, London and Edinburgh, 1847. 4. On the Philosophical Tendencies of the Age,' four lectures, London and Edinburgh, 1848. 5. The Philosophy of Religion,' London, 1849. 6. 'The Analysis of Sentences,' London, 1852. 7. 'The Elements of Psychology,' pt. i., London, 1853. 8. 'The Essentials of English Grammar and Analysis,' London, 1855. 9. Handbook of Logic,' London, 1855. 10. Modern German Philosophy,' 1856. 11. ' Poetical Reading Books, with Aids for Grammatical Analysis, &c.' (with Dr. Ihne), London, 1857. 12.A Grammar of the English Language, together with an Exposition of the Analysis of Sentences,' London, 1857; another edition, with exercises, London, 1857. 13. 'A Series of Graduated Exercises, adapted to Morell's Grammar and Analysis,' London, 1857. 14. 'On the Progress of Society in England as affected by the Advancement of National Education,' 1859. 15. 'Fichte's Contributions to Moral Philosophy' (translation), London, 1860. 16. 'An Elementary Reading Book,' London, 1865. 17. 'First Steps in English Grammar,' London, 1871. 18. A Complete Manual of Spelling,' London, 1872. 19. 'English Echoes of German Song,' translated by Morell and others, London, 1877. 20. Philosophical Fragments,'

MORELL, THOMAS (1703-1784), classical scholar, born at Eton, Buckinghamshire, on 18 March 1703, was son of Thomas Morell. On his father's death his mother supported herself by keeping a boardinghouse at Eton, on the foundation of which Thomas was admitted in 1715. On 3 Aug. 1722 he was elected to King's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1726, M.A. in 1730, and D.D. in 1743. In July 1733 he was admitted M.A. ad eundem' at Oxford, and on 28 June 1759 was 'reincorporated' as D.D. at Cambridge (FOSTER, Alumni Oxon, 1715-1886, iii. 985). He was appointed curate of Kew, Surrey, in 1731, and for a short time acted as curate of Twickenham, Middlesex. On 20 March 1737 the college presented him to the rectory of Buckland, Hertfordshire, (CUSSANS, Hertfordshire, Edwinstree Hundred, p. 53). He was elected F.S.A. on 20 Oct. following (GOUGH, List of Soc. Antiq., 1798), and in 1768 was assistant secretary to the society (NICHOLS, Lit. Anecd. v. 446). On 16 June 1768 he became F.R.S. (THOMSON, Hist. of Roy. Society, Append. iv). In 1775 he was appointed chaplain to the garrison at Portsmouth, and for several years he preached the Fairchild botanical sermon on WhitTuesday at St. Leonard's, Shoreditch.

Morell resided chiefly at Turnham Green, Middlesex, where he had for neighbours Thomson, Hogarth, and Garrick. Handel was also his friend. He died at Turnham Green on 19 Feb. 1784, and was buried on 27 Feb. at Chiswick (LYSONS, Environs, ii. 216). In 1738 he married Anne, daughter of Henry Barker of Chiswick, by whom he had no issue. His library was sold in 1785 (NICHOLS, iii. 646).

Morell was a warm friend and a cheerful companion, who loved a jest, told a good story, and sang a good song. He was careless of his own interests and dressed ill, and his improvidence kept him always poor and in debt. His knowledge of music was considerable, and he played the organ with some skill. He maintained that choral services should be generally adopted in parish

churches (cf. note by William Cole cited in NICHOLS, ix. 789).

Morell's reputation as a classical scholar rests on his Thesaurus Græcæ Poesews; sive Lexicon Græco-Prosodiacum,' 2 pts. 4to, Eton, 1762, of which improved editions by Edward Maltby [q. v.], afterwards bishop of Durham, were published in 1815 and 1824. The introduction was reprinted in P. Moccia's Prosodia Græca,' 1767, 8vo. He also published revised editions of Hederich's Greek Lexicon' (1766 and 1778), Ainsworth's 'Latin Dictionary' (1773), and the 'Gradus ad Parnassum' (1782). For Eton school he revised the 'Exempla Minora' (many editions) and edited the 'Hecuba,' Orestes,' Phoenissæ,' and 'Alcestis' of Euripides (2 vols. 8vo, London, 1748). His blank verse translation of the 'Hecuba' (8vo, 1749) is very feeble. In 1767 he edited the 'Prometheus Vinctus' of Eschylus, with a blank verse translation (8vo), and reissued it in quarto in 1773, when Garrick did his best to get him subscribers (BOSWELL, Life of Johnson, ed. 1848, p. 386). For the preparation of this work he used a copy of the Eschylus' published by Henry Stephens in 1557, which, coming into the possession of the Rev. Richard Hooper, was by him presented to Cambridge University Library (Notes and Queries, 1st ser. v. 604, vi. 125, 322, 373). Morell likewise edited the 'Philoctetes' of Sophocles (8vo, 1777), and compiled an' Index ad Sophoclem' (4to, 1787). He made a creditable translation of Seneca's' Epistles,' which, though completed in 1753, was not published until after his death (2 vols. 4to, 1786); the manuscript is in the British Museum, Additional MS. 10604.

Morell supplied the libretti for Handel's oratorios of Judas Maccabæus,' 1746,‘Alexander Balas,'1748, 'Joshua,' 1748, 'Solomon,' 1749, Theodora,' 1750, Jephtha,' 1752, Gideon,' 1754, and 'The Triumph of Time and Truth,' 1758, a translation from the Italian of Cardinal Pamfili. The well-known lines beginning 'See the Conquering Hero comes 'in' Joshua' were subsequently transferred to Judas Maccabæus.' They were introduced into Nathaniel Lee's tragedy 'The Rival Queens' in late acting versions (cf. ed. 1785, p. 21), and have been on that account erroneously ascribed to Lee [q. v.] His other poetical writings are: 1. 'Poems on Divine Subjects, original and translated from the Latin of Marcus Hieronymus Vida, bishop of Alba (and M. A. Flaminius),' 8vo, London, 1732 (2nd edit. 1736). 2. 'Congratulatory Verses on the Marriage of the Prince of Orange with the Princess Anne,' 1737. 3. 'The Christian's Epinikion, or Song

of Triumph: a Paraphrase on Chap. xv. of St. Paul's 1st Epistle to the Corinthians,' 4to, London, 1743, in blank verse. 4. 'Hope: a Poetical Essay in Blank Verse. In three Books,' 4to, London, 1745. Book i. only 5. Nabal, an Oratorio,' 4to, appeared. London, 1764. It was performed at Covent Garden, the words being adapted to several compositions of Handel. Among the Additional MSS. in the British Museum (Nos. 5832 and 29766) are 'Verses' and 'Sacred Poems' by Morell. He also published the Canterbury Tales' of Chaucer 'in the original, and as they are turned into modern language by the most eminent hands,' 8vo, London, 1737, and in 1747 is said to have issued by subscription an edition of Spenser's' Works.'

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His miscellaneous writings are: 1. 'Philalethes and Theophanes; or a Summary View of the last Controversy occasioned by a book entitled "The Moral Philosopher," pt.i.' 8vo, London, 1739; 2nd edit. 1740. 2. Catalogue of the Books in the Osterley Park Library,' 4to, 1771, of which only twentyfive copies were printed (NICHOLS, v. 327). 3. A Latin letter addressed in 1774 to Daines Barrington on the Corbridge altar, now in the British Museum, printed in the Archæologia,' iii. 332. 4. Sacred Annals' (harmonies on the Gospels), 12mo, London, 1776. 5. Notes and Annotations on Locke on the Human Understanding,' 8vo, London, 1794, written at the request of Queen Caroline. He revised Hogarth's 'Analysis of Beauty.' His literary portrait' of William Hogarth and his wife may be found in John Nichols's Biographical Anecdotes of Hogarth,' ed. 1810, i. 127. To the third edition of Sermons' by Edward Littleton (d. 1733) [q. v.] he contributed a biographical introduction (1749). He has essays and verses in the Gentleman's Magazine,' to which he was one of the earliest contributors, and occasionally published single sermons, including one on the 'Use and Importance of Music in the Sacrifice of Thanksgiving,' preached at the meeting of the three choirs, Worcester, Hertford, and Gloucester, 8vo, 1747.

In the British Museum are copies of the New Testament in Greek, 1632, the New Testament in English, 1647, and Plutarch's 'Moralia,' 1542, all copiously annotated by Morell. There is also a letter from him to Sir Hans Sloane in Additional MS. 4053. His commonplace book is Additional MS. 28846.

In 1762 Morell's portrait was drawn by Hogarth in the character of a cynic philosopher, with an organ near him.' The portrait was afterwards engraved by James Basire, and prefixed to Morell's 'Thesaurus.'

[Nichols's Lit. Anecd. i. 651, and elsewhere; Harwood's Alumni Etonenses, p. 302; Baker's Biog. Dramat. 1812; Walpole's Letters (Cunningham), v. 420; Addit. MSS. 5151, f. 249, 6402, f. 142; Will in P.C.C. 151, Rockingham.] G. G.

MOREMAN, JOHN (1490?-1554), divine, was born at South Hole, Hartland, Devonshire, about 1490. He was sent to Oxford University about 1504, and graduated B.A. 29 Jan. 1508-9, M.A. 31 Jan. 1512-13, B.D. 18 Jan. 1526-7, and D.D. 8 April 1530. On 29 June 1510 he was elected to a fellowship at Exeter College. From 1516 to 1528 he held the vicarage of Midsomer Norton, Somerset, but he probably remained in residence at Oxford, as he retained his fellowship until 6 Nov. 1522, and was principal of Hart Hall from 1522 to 1527, when he severed his connection with the university. He was instituted by Bishop Voysey to the rectory of Holy Trinity, Exeter, on 25 Sept. 1528, but vacated it within less than six months upon his appointment, 25 Feb. 1529, by Exeter College, to the valuable vicarage of Menheniot, Cornwall, which he enjoyed for the rest of his life. His school in this parish became famous throughout the west of England; among his pupils was John Hooker, alias Vowell (1526 ?-1601) [q. v.] Moreman was also prebendary of Glasney College, near Penryn, Cornwall, canon of Exeter Cathedral 19 June 1544, and vicar of Colebrooke, Devonshire, 25 Oct. 1546.

At the university Moreman had strenuously opposed the divorce of Henry VIII from Queen Catherine. On the accession of Edward VI he was thrown into prison, and the eleventh demand of the Cornish rebels in June 1549 was, 'That Dr. Moreman and Crispin should be sent to them and put in their livings.' The answer of the Archbishop of Canterbury to this stipulation ran, that those were ignorant, superstitious, and deceitful persons.' On the accession of Queen Mary he was released from restraint, and in the disputation between Roman catholics and protestants which took place in the Convocation House, London, October 1553, he answered, as one of the champions of catholicism, the arguments of Cheney, archdeacon of Hereford, afterwards bishop of Gloucester, Phillips, dean of Rochester, and Aylmer, chaplain to the Duke of Suffolk. During the commotion at Exeter in January 1553-4 [see CAREW, SIR PETER] Moreman was in residence and active against the malcontents. He took a leading part in church affairs at Exeter, but the statement of Foxe that he was coadjutor to Voysey, the bishop of Exeter, and after his decease became bishop of that see,'

must be an error. Hooker says that he was nominated to the deanery of Exeter, but that he died before presentation. He died at Menheniot, between May and October 1554, and was buried in the church.

While vicar of Menheniot he taught the Creed, Lord's Prayer, and Commandments in English, the Cornish language having been in use before. A discourse by him, on St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans, was transcribed by the Rev. Lawrence Travers, vicar of Quethiock, Cornwall. He gave to the library of Oriel College, Oxford, three works (SHADWELL, Reg. Orielense, i. 398).

[Oliver's Eccl. Antiquities, ed. 1840, ii. 184188; Oliver's Monasticon, p. 206; Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Boase's Reg. Univ. Oxford (Oxf. Hist. Soc.), i. 63; Boase's Exeter College, pp. xvii-xviii, 29, 200-2; Weaver's Somerset Incumbents, p. 143; Wood's Fasti, ed. Bliss, i. 24, 35, 82-3, 104; Wood's Univ. of Oxford, ed. Gutch, vol. ii. pt. i. pp. 45-6; Wood's Oxford Colleges, ed. Gutch, p. 646; Prince's Devon Worthies, ed. 1810, pp. 600-2; Moore's Devon, ii. 235-6; Journ. Roy. Instit. of Cornwall, October 1864 pp. 76-7, April 1865 pp: 36-7; Burnet's Reformation, ed. Pococke, ii. 210211, 424–6, v. 601; Foxe's Monuments, ed. Townsend, vi. 397-411, 536; Maclean's Sir Peter Carew, pp. v, 159-64; Journal of State Papers (Foreign and Domestic, vol. v.), 1531-2, p. 6.]

W. P. C.

MORES, EDWARD ROWE (17311778), antiquary, born on 13 Jan. 1730, was son of Edward Mores, rector of Tunstall, Kent, and author of 'The Pious Example, a discourse occasioned by the death of Mrs. Anne Mores,' London, 1725; he married Miss Windsor, the sister of an undertaker in Union Court, Broad Street, and died in 1740 (NICHOLS, Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica, I. xvii.-xx. 58). In the same year Edward Rowe entered Merchant Taylors' School (Register, ed. Robinson, ii. 96), and proceeded thence to Oxford, matriculating as a commoner of Queen's College on 25 June 1746 (FOSTER, Alumni Oxon., 1715-1886, iii. 978), and graduating B.A. in 1750, and M.A. in 1753. At Oxford he attracted attention by the extraordinary range and depth of his knowledge and the eccentricities of his conduct. His father wished him to take orders, but whether he did so is uncertain. In 1752 he was elected F.S.A., being the first new member after the grant of a charter to the society in November 1751; and in 1754 he was one of a committee for examining the society's minute books, with a view to selecting papers worthy of publication. After travelling abroad for some time he took up his residence at the Heralds' College, intend

ing to become a member of that society, but about 1760 he retired to an estate left him by his father at Low Leyton, Essex. There he built a whimsical house, called Etlow Place, on a plan of one which he had seen in France. He used to mystify his friends by declaring that he had been created D.D. at the Sorbonne, and attired himself in some academical costume which he called that of a Dominican friar. He considered Latin the only language adapted to devotion and for universal use, and composed a creed in it, with a kind of mass on the death of his wife, of which he printed a few copies in his own house, under the disguised title of Ordinale Quotidianum, 1685. Ordo Trigintalis.' Of his daughter's education he was particularly careful. From her earliest infancy he talked to her principally in Latin. She was sent to a convent at Rouen for further training, and was there converted to Romanism, at which he pretended to be very

angry.

The Society for Equitable Assurances, which had been first suggested by James Dodson [q. v.], owes its existence to Mores. He applied for a charter in 1761, but, failing of success, he, with sixteen more of the original subscribers, resolved to establish their society by deed. It was arranged that Mores should be perpetual director, with an annuity of 1007. In order to float the society, he published in 1762 A Short Account of the Society for Equitable Assurances, &c., 8vo (7th edit. 1767), in 1766 'The Statutes and Precedents of sundry Instruments relating to the Constitution and Practice of the Society,' 8vo, and in 1768 the Deed of Settlement... with the Declaration of Trust,' 8vo, and a 'List of the Policies and other printed Instruments of the Society,' 8vo; but some disputes arising between him and the original members, he declined to act further (see Papers relating to the Disputes with the Charter Fund Proprietors in the Equitable Society, 1769).

Towards the close of his life Mores fell into negligent and dissipated habits. He died at Low Leyton on 28 Nov. 1778, and was buried by his wife in Walthamstow churchyard. By his marriage with Susannah Bridgman (1730–1767), daughter of a Whitechapel grocer, he had a son, Edward Rowe Mores, who married in 1779 a Miss Spence, and a daughter, Sarah, married in 1774 to John Davis, house decorator of Walthamstow. His large collections of books, manuscripts, engravings, and printing types were dispersed by sale in August 1779. The more valuable portion of his books and manuscripts was purchased by Richard Gough [q. v.], and

is now in the Bodleian Library. The remainder was chiefly acquired by Thomas Astle [q. v.] and John Nichols [q. v.]

of Tunstall, Kent,' vol. i. No. 1, with a memoir of him by R. Gough.

Mores made a few collections for a history of Merchant Taylors' School. In 1752 he printed in half a quarto sheet some corrections made by Francis Junius [q. v.] in his own copy of his edition of Cadmon's 'Saxon Paraphrase of Genesis,' and other parts of the Old Testament (Amsterdam, 1655), and in 1754 he issued in quarto fifteen of the drawings from the manuscript of Cadmon in the Bodleian, the plates of which were purchased by Gough and deposited in that library. He is stated in Pegge's 'Anonymiana' (cent. vi. No. 14) to have commenced a transcript of Junius's dictionaries, with a design of publishing them. He formed considerable collections for a history of Oxford, and especially that of his own college, whose archives he arranged and calendared. He commissioned B. Green to execute many drawings of Oxford and the neighbourhood, which were included in Gough's bequest. His manuscripts relating to Queen's, with his collections about All Souls', fell into the hands of Astle, who presented the former to John Price of the Bodleian.

Mores assisted John Bilson in his burlesque on All Souls', a folio sheet printed in 1752, entitled 'Preparing for the Press... a complete History of the Mallardians,' to which he contributed the prints of a cat said to have been starved in the library, and of two grotesque busts carved on the south wall of the college.

In 1759 he circulated queries for a 'Parochial History of Berkshire,' but made little progress. His collections were printed in 1783 in Nichols's' Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica,' vol. iv. No. xvi, together with his Account of Great Coxwell, Berkshire,' vol. iv. No. xiii, where his family had been originally seated, and his excellent History

His manuscript, 'Commentarius de Ælfrico Dorobernensi Archiepiscopo,' which Astle bought, was published under the editorship of G. J. Thorkelin in 1789, 4to, London. In the British Museum are the following manuscripts by Mores: 1. Epitome of Archbishop Peckham's 'Register,' 1755 (Addit. MSS. 6110, 6111, 6112, 6114). 2. Kentish Pedigrees by him and Edward Hasted (Addit. MS. 5528). 3. List of rectories and vicarages in Kent (Addit. MS. 6408). 4. Copies of his letters to John Strype, 1710 (Addit. MS. 5853), and to Browne Willis, 1749, 1751 (Addit. MS. 5833). 5. Monuments of the Rowe family (Addit. MS. 6239). 6. Letters to Edward Lye, 1749-61 (Addit. MS. 32325). He wrote also part of Addit. MS. 5526 (copy of John Philpott's 'Visitation of Kent,' 1619) and of Addit. MS. 5532 (copy of Robert Cook's 'Visitation of Kent,' 1574), and assisted Andrew Coltee Ducarel [q. v. in his abstract of the archiepiscopal registers at Lambeth (Addit. MSS. 6062-109).

A whole-length portrait of Mores was engraved by J. Mynde after a picture by R. van Bleeck.

[Gough's Memoir referred to; Rawl. MS. J. fol. 18, pp. 115-16; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. v. 389-405, and elsewhere; Nichols's Illustr. of Lit.; Addit. MSS. 5841 f. 294, 6401 f. 10; Evans's Cat. of Engraved Portraits, vol. ii.; notes kindly furnished by the provost of Queen's College, Oxford.] G. G.

MORESBY, SIR FAIRFAX (1786-187 admiral of the fleet, son of Fairfax More of Lichfield, entered the navy in Dece 1799, on board the London, with Ca John Child Purvis, whom he follow 1801 to the Royal George. In March he joined the Alarm, with Captain wards Sir William) Parker (1781