MURRAY, PATRICK, fifth LORD ELIBANK (1703–1778), born in 1703, was son of Patrick Murray, fourth lord Elibank (16771736), by his wife Elizabeth (d. 1756), daugh ter of George Stirling of Keir, and an eminent surgeon in Edinburgh. General James Murray (1720-1794) q. v. was his younger brother. Although admitted a member of the Faculty of Advocates in 1722, he soon turned from legal to military pursuits, becoming an ensign in the army, and subsequently major in Ponsonby's foot and lieutenant-colonel in Wynyard's marines. With the latter regiment he served at the siege of Carthagena in 1740. After the failure of that expedition Murray quitted the army. He had married in 1735, and had succeeded his father as Lord Elibank the next year. Returning to Scotland, he associated chiefly with the members of the legal profession, among whom he had been brought up, and seems to have been very popular; but his chief interests were literary. He was long in intimate relations with Lord Kames and David Hume, and the three were regarded in Edinburgh as a committee of taste in literary matters, from whose judgment there was no appeal. He was the early patron of Dr. Robertson the historian, and of Home the tragic poet, both of whom were at one time ministers of country parishes near his seat in East Lothian. Elibank is ascribed the reply made to Dr. Johnson, when the latter remarked that ‘oatmeal was food for horses in England and for men in Scotland:' And where would you see such horses and such men?' The doctor also on one occasion observed that he was never in Elibank's company without learning something. Lord Elibank,' he remarked to Boswell, has read a great deal. It is true I can find in books all that he has read; but he has a great deal of what is in books, proved by the test of real life.' Smollett in his Humphry Clinker' (Letter of 18 July) described him as a nobleman whom he had long revered for his humanity and universal intelligence, over and above the entertainment arising from the originality of his character' (cf. ALEXANDER CARLYLE'S Autobiog. p. 266). Elibank died at Ballencrieff on 3 Aug. 1778. He was married in 1735 to Maria Margaretta, daughter of Cornelius de Yonge, lord of Elmeet in Holland, receiver-general of the United Provinces, and widow of William, lord North and Grey; but there was no issue of the marriage. Lady Elibank's jointure-house was Kirtling Park, Cambridgeshire, the ancient seat of the North family, now pulled down, and there she and Elibank often resided. She died in 1762. 6 Elibank's works were: 1. Thoughts on Money Circulation and Paper Currency,' Edinburgh, 1758. 2.Queries relating to the proposed Plan of altering the Entails in Scotland,' Edinburgh, 1765. 3. Letter to Lord Hailes on his Remarks on the History of Scotland,' Edinburgh, 1773. 4. Considerations on the present State of the Peerage of Scotland,' Edinburgh, 1774, in which he attacked with much warmth the mode of electing Scottish peers to the House of Lords. [Douglas's Scottish Peerage, ed. Wood; Manuscripts of John Ramsay of Ochtertyre: Boswell's Life of Johnson, ed. Dr. Birkbeck Hill; John Wilkes' The North Briton.] D. O. M. Upon the accession of George III Elibank, like many other Jacobites, rallied to the house of Hanover; and when Lord Bute came, MURRAY, PATRICK ALOYSIUS into power it was determined to bring him (1811-1882), catholic theologian, was born into the House of Lords. This plan was, at Clones, co. Monaghan, on 18 Nov. 1811. however, foiled by a severely sarcastic article. He entered Maynooth on 25 Aug. 1829. by Wilkes in the North Briton' on his pre- After his six years' course he became a sumed services to the Pretender. Wilkes curate, and in the summer of 1838 was aphad been an unsuccessful candidate for the pointed professor of belles-lettres in the colgovernorship of Canada when that office was lege. In 1841 he was appointed to the chair conferred on Elibank's brother, General James of theology, and held the post for forty-one Murray. years. Nearly two thousand priests passed through his classes. Personally he was held in reverence, but Carlyle, who saw him in Ireland during his tour, was not favourably impressed by him. He died in the college on 15 Nov. 1882, and was buried within its precincts. His greatest work was the 'Trac When in Scotland in 1773 Dr. Johnson paid Elibank a visit at his house of Ballencrieff, Haddingtonshire, and is said to have told him, when taking leave, that he was 'one of the few Scotchmen whom he met with pleasure and parted from with regret.' To tatus de Ecclesia Christi' (Dublin, 3 vols. 1860-6). Dr. Healy, a distinguished scholar, now bishop of Clonfert, who wrote the obituary notice of Dr. Murray for the Freeman's Journal' (17 Nov. 1882), declares that this great treatise is now universally recognised as the most complete and exhaustive work in that wide branch of theological science. It is admitted to be the highest authority even in the French and Roman schools. A compendium of it, in one volume, was published for Maynooth students. Murray was for many years one of the leading contributors to the Dublin Review,' and was a poet of ability. · His other works are: 1. 'The Irish Annual Miscellany,' 1850, &c. 2. 'Essays, chiefly Theological, 1851. 3. Sponsa Mater et Christi,' a poem, with notes and illustrations, 8vo, Dublin, 1858. 4. 'Prose and Verse,' 8vo, Dublin and London, 1867. 5. Tractatus de Gratia,' 8vo, Dublin, 1877. [Irish Monthly, xix. 337-46; Freeman's Journ. 17 Nov. 1882; Brit. Mus. Cat.] D. J. O'D. Subsequently he recommended the king's surrender to the Scots, and was with Charles both at Newark and Newcastle. In December 1646 he concerted with William Murray, later Earl of Dysart [q. v.], at Newcastle, a plan for the king's escape from Scottish custody, which was barely frustrated by the royal captive's timidity (cf. GARDINER, Great Civil War, and Hamilton Papers, Camden Soc., i. 106-46, where, in addition to numerous references to Moray, are a number of his letters). Moray left Newcastle just before the king was delivered by the Scots to the army. De Montereul complained that Moray deceived him as to the Scots' intentions through this critical period. Clarendon mentions him as a cunning and a dexterous man,' employed by the Scots in 1645 in a futile negotiation for the establishment of presbyterian government in England (Hist. of the Rebellion, iv. 163, Macray's edit.) Moray resumed his career in France after the downfall of monarchy in England, and the Scottish parliament sent cargoes of prisoners to recruit his corps. He continued at the MURRAY or MORAY, SIR ROBERT same time in the confidence of Charles II, (d. 1673), one of the founders of the Royal and seems to have been with him in ScotSociety, was a grandson of Robert Moray of land in 1651, when he received the nominal Abercairney, and son of Sir Mungo Moray of appointments of justice-clerk and lord of Craigie in Perthshire, by his wife, a daughter session, and was nominated privy councillor. of George Halket of Pitfirran, Perthshire. In 1653 he took arms in the highlands under His brother, Sir William Moray of Dreghorn, William Cunningham, ninth earl of Glenwas master of the works to Charles II. Ro- cairn [q. v.], but the collapse of the rising, bert was born about the beginning of the and perhaps the disclosure of a plot to deseventeenth century, was educated at the stroy his credit with the army, induced him, university of St. Andrews and in France, in May 1654, to join the king in Paris, and took military service under Louis XIII. with his brother-in-law, Alexander Lindsay, Richelieu favoured him highly, and he at- earl of Balcarres [q. v.], and Lady Balcarres tained the rank of lieutenant-colonel, pro- (Lady Anna Mackenzie), whom he called his bably of the Scots guard. He returned, how-gossip' and 'cummer.' They were subseever, to Britain soon after the civil troubles quently joined by Alexander Bruce, afterbegan, and was knighted by Charles I at Ox-wards second Earl of Kincardine [q. v.], ford on 10 Jan. 1643. He left England immediately afterwards to take up his command in France, came to be on good terms with Mazarin, and fought with his regiment in Germany. With a brother and another fellow-officer of the Scots regiment he was made a prisoner of war in Bavaria in 1645. In the same year James Campbell, earl of Irvine, colonel of the Scots regiment, died, and Moray was appointed in Irvine's place. He was also nominated by the Scots as a secret envoy to negotiate a treaty between France and Scot-ness of heart. land by which it was proposed to attempt the restoration of Charles I. His release from Bavaria was therefore obtained, and, arriving in London, he was in constant communication with the French envoy, De Montereul. He revisited Paris in 1646 in order to bring the negotiation to a conclusion. VOL. XXXIX. Moray's correspondence with whom is of singular interest. Between 1657 and 1660 Murray was at Maestricht, Bruce at Bremen. His life, he tells Bruce, was that of a recluse, most of his time being devoted to chemical pursuits. The cultivation of music, although 'three fiddles' were 'hanging by his side on the wall' as he wrote, was relegated to better times. The letters show literary cultivation, wide knowledge, strong common sense, as well as nobility of mind and tender Moray repaired to London shortly after the Restoration, having first successfully conducted a negotiation with the presbyterians regarding the introduction of epiit scopacy into Scotland, a measure which he, however, desired to postpone. He was reappointed lord of session and justice-clerk in D D 1661, but never sat on the bench. He was also a lord of exchequer for Scotland, and became deputy-secretary on 5 June 1663. Thenceforward, down to 1670, the government of that country was mainly carried on by Lauderdale, the king, and himself see MAITLAND, JOHN, secon i EARL and first DUKE OF LAUDERDALE. Charles had great contidence in him, and his counsels were uniformly for prudence and moderation. Despatched to Scotland by Lauderdale in May 1667, he executed with firmness and skill his difficult task of breaking up the cabal between the church and the military party. His tour of inspection through the western counties included a visit to James Hamilton, third marquis and first duke q. v. Until Lauderdale finally broke with him in 1670, Moray was his zealous coa fator, sparing no pains to maintain him in the royal favour. Yet the disinterestedness and elevation of his aims were universally admitted. He was devoid of ambition; indeed, as he said, he had no stomach for public employments." Moray took an active share in the foundation of the Royal Society, and presided almost continuously over its meetings from March 1661 to July 1662. He watched assiduously over its interests, and was described by Huygens as its soul. He imparted to it his observations of the comet of December 1664 (BIRCH, Hist. of the Royal Society, i. 508, 310), and his communica tions on points connected with geology and natural history were numerous. Moray mixed largely in London society. Burnet regarded him as another father,' and extols him as the wisest and worthiest man of the age (Hist, of his own Time, ii. 20). His genius he considered to be much like that of Peiresc, and his knowledge of nature unsurpassed. He had a most diffused love of mankind, and he delighted in every occasion of doing good, which he managed with great discretion and zeal' (ib. i. 101-2). His temper and principles were stoical, but religion was the mainspring of his life, and amidst courts and camps he spent many hours a day in devotion. Wood calls him a renowned chymist, a great patron of the Rosicrucians, and an excellent mathematician,' and asserts that though presbyterianly inclined, he had the king's ear as much as any other person, and was indefatigable in his undertakings' (Athena Oxon. ed. Bliss, ii. 725). Charles II, indeed, thoroughly esteemed him, and often visited him privately in his laboratory at Whitehall. The king used to say, in illustration of Moray's independence of character, that he was head of his own church.' Evelyn styled him his dear and excellent friend' (Diary, ii. 84, 1850 edit.) Pepys speaks of him as a most excellent man of reason and learning, and understands the doctrine of musique and everything else I could discourse of, very finely' (Diary, 16 Feb. 1667). Yet his brilliant gifts left no lasting impress on his time. Many of his letters to Huygens, whom he kept informed of the progress of science in London, have been recently published at the Hague (Euvres Complètes de C. Huygens, iii. iv. 1890-1). He died suddenly on 4 July 1673, in his pavilion in the gardens of Whitehall, and was buried at the king's expense in Westminster Abbey, near the monument to Sir William D'Avenant [q. v. About 1647 Moray married Sophia, daughter of David Lindsay, first lord Balcarres. She died at Edinburgh on 2 Jan. 1653, and was buried at Balcarres. They had no children. [Correspondence of Sir Robert Moray with Alexander Bruce, 1657-1660, by Osmund Airy, Scottish Review, v. 22 (the materials for which were furnished by a manuscript copy of the letters in question lent by Mr. David Douglas of Edinburgh, the originals being in the possession of the Earl of Elgin); notes from the archives of the French foreign office (despatches of De Montereul to Mazarin 1645–8) kindly supplied by Mr. J. G. Fotheringham of Paris; the Lauderdale Papers, vols. i. ii., published by the Camden Soc., 1884-5, ed. O. Airy; Phil. Trans. Abridged, ii. 106 (Hutton); Birch's Hist. of the Royal Society, iii. 113, and passim ; Chambers's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen (Thomson); Burke's Hist. of the Landed Gentry, i. 540, 7th edit.; Douglas's Peerage of Scotland, i. 168; Lord Lindsay's Memoir of Lady Anna Mackenzie, p. 32, 1868 edit.; Chester's Registers of Westminster, 1876; Stanley's Hist. Memorials of Westminster Abbey, p. 297; Bieg. Brit. (Kippis), art. Brouncker; Thomson's Hist. of the Royal Soc.; Poggendorff's Biog.-lit. Handwörterbuch.] A. M. C. MURRAY, ROBERT (1635-1725?), writer on trade, born in 1635 in the Strand, London, was son of Robert Murray, 'civis et scissor Londini.' In 1649 he was entered as an apprentice on the books of the Clothworkers' Company, and took up his freedom in 1660. He is subsequently spoken of as 'milliner,' and again as 'uphosterer,' but describes himself in his publications as gent.,' possibly having retired from the trade. For several years from 1676 he wrote on matters of banking and national revenue. He was the inventor of ruled copybooks for children, and in 1681 or, according to Wood, in 1679, he is said to have originated the idea of the penny post in London, but to Dockwra belongs the credit of giving it prac tical shape' (JOYCE, History of the Post Office, p. 36). The earliest instance of a stamped penny letter is dated 9 Dec. 1681. Two years later he assigned his interest in this to William Docwra [q. v.], merchant, of London, but in 1690 it was adjudged to pertain to the Duke of York as a branch of the general post office (cf. WooD, Athena Oxon. ed. Bliss, iii. 726). He is questionably identified by Wood with the Robert Murray who was 'afterwards clerk to the general commissioners for the revenue of Ireland, and clerk to the commissioners of the grand excise of England.' In August 1697 he had been active in the 'malt and other' proposals in parliament, and was then in custody in a sponging house near St. Clement's Church. In 1703 he offered to the Lord High Treasurer 'a scheme for tin,' and asked for the royal bounty. Some time before July 1720 he succeeded George Murray as 'comptroller and paymaster of the standing orders of the lottery of 1714,' and in this capacity had transactions with the South Sea Company. By the act 10 & 11 Will. III c. 17 lotteries had been prohibited, but from 1709 onwards the government resorted to them as a means of raising money. In 1714 exchequer bills had been issued to the amount of 1,400,000l., but lottery prizes were offered in addition to interest in the shape of terminable or perpetual annuities. In 1721, after a memorial from Murray, the South Sea Company proposed to discharge the unsubscribed orders into their own capital stock (for Murray's part in this transaction see Treasury Papers, vol, cexxxiii. passim). Murray was superseded as paymaster of this lottery in 1724, and in February 1726 is spoken of as the late Robert Murray, Esq.' His will is not in the prerogative court. He published: 1. A Proposal for the Advancement of Trade, &c.,' London, 1676 (a proposal for the establishment of a combined bank and Lombard or mont de piété for the issue of credit against 'dead stock' deposited at 6 per cent. interest). 2. 'Composition Credit, or a Bank of Credit made Current by Common Consent in London more Useful than Money,' London, 1682. 3. An Account of the Constitution and Security of the General Bank of Credit,' London, 1683. 4. 'A Proposal for the more easy advancing to the Crown any fixed Sum of Money to carry on the War against France,' &c. (a noticeable proposal to establish negotiable bills of credit upon security of some branch of the royal revenue; Murray's credit bank proposals presage the greater scheme of Law, but it does not show the remark able grasp of theory which characterises Law). 5.A Proposal for the better securing our Wool against Exportation by working up and manufacturing such' (a proposal to revive the law of the staple, and to establish a royal company of staplers). 6. 'A Proposal for translating the Duty of Excise from Malt Drinks to Mast, whereby may be advanced to the Crown 15 Millions for the War against France.' 7. 'An Advertisement for the more Easy and Speedy Collecting of Debts.' The last four publications are without place or date. Dict. of Dates; Cal. of Treasury Papers, vols. i. ii. [Wood's Athenæ Oxon. iii. 726, 1264; Haydn's and iii.; Lascelles's Liber Mun. Publ. Hib.; Commons' Journals, ix. 331 seq.; Hist. MSS. Comm. 10th Rep. iv. 125; Brit. Mus. MS. 5755; Harl. MS. 1898; information from Sir Owen Roberts, clerk to the Cloth workers' Company.] W. A. S. MURRAY, the HON. MRS. SARAH (1744-1811), topographical writer. [See AUST.] MURRAY, SIR TERENCE AUBREY (1810-1873), Australian politician, son of Captain Terence Murray of the 48th foot, by Ellen, daughter of James Fitzgerald of Movida, co. Limerick, was born at Limerick in 1810, and educated in Dublin. In 1827 he went to New South Wales with his father, and spent four years on his father's sheep station at Lake George. In 1833 he was gazetted a magistrate, and in connection with the mounted police helped to repress bushranging. From 1843 to 1856 he represented Murray, King, and Georgiana in the legislature of New South Wales, and after a fully responsible government was granted to the colony in 1856, Murray sat in the legislative assembly for Argyle from that date until 1862, when he was appointed a member of the legislative council or upper house. From 26 Aug. 1856 to 2 Oct. 1856 he was secretary for lands and works in the Cowper ministry, also acting as auditor-general from 26 Aug. to 16 Sept.; he was again secretary for lands and public works in the second Cowper ministry from 7 Sept. 1857 to 12 Jan. 1858. On 31 Jan. 1860 he was elected speaker of the legislative assembly, and on 14 Oct. 1862 president of the legislative council, an office which he held till 22 June 1873. He was knighted by letters patent on 4 May 1869. He died at Sydney on 22 June 1873. He married, first, in 1843, Mary, second daughter of Colonel Gibbes, the collector of customs at Sydney (she died in 1857); and, secondly, Agnes, third daughter of John Edwards of Fairlawn House, Hammersmith, London. She died February 1800. A son, George Gilbert Aimé Murray, born at Sydney in 1506, became professor of Greek at the university of Glasgow in 1888. [Times, 28 July 1873. 4 Sept.; Dod's Peerage, 1873. p. 483; Melbourne Angus, 24 June 1873; Heaton's Australian Dict.] G. C. B. MURRAY, THOMAS (1564-1623), provost of Eton. born in 1564, was the son of Murray of Woodend, and uncle of William Murray, first earl of Dysart q. v. He was early attached to the court of James VI of Scotland, and soon after James's accession to the English throne was appointed tutor to Charles, then duke of York. On 26 June 1605 he was granted a pension of two hundred marks for life, and in July was presented, through the intervention of the Bishop of Durham, to the mastership of Christ's Hospital, Sherburn, near Durham. From that time he received numerous grants, and was in constant communication with the Earl of Salisbury, Sir Albertus Morton, Sir Dudley Carleton, and others, many of his letters being preserved among the state papers (cf. Cal State Papers, Dom. Ser. 1603-23, passim). He was much courted, but his honesty' made him well esteemed.' Andrew Melville q.v., when he sought his liberty in November 1610, placed the management of his case in the hands of Murray, to whom he refers as his special friend. In 1615 George Gladstanes (q.v., archbishop of St. Andrews, made an unsuccessful attempt to get Murray removed from the tutorship of Prince Charles as 'ill-affected to the estate of the kirk.' On 13 March 1617 Murray was appointed a collector of the reimposed duty on northern cloth,' and allowed one-third of the profits. In August of the same year the king promised him the provostship of Eton, but his appointment was opposed on suspicion of his puritanism, and he received the post of secretary to Prince Charles instead. In October 1621 he was confined to his house for opposing the Spanish marriage. In February 1621-2 he was elected provost of Eton, but fell seriously ill in February 1622-3, and died on 9 April, aged 59. He left behind him five sons and two daughters. His widow, Jane, and a son received a pension of 5007. for their lives. Murray was author of some Latin poems, which have been printed in the 'Delitia Poetarum Scotorum,' ed. 1637, ii. 180-200. He has been eulogised by John Leech [q.v.] in his 'Epigrammata,' ed. 1623, p. 19, and by Arthur Johnston [q. v.] in his Poemata,' ed. 1642, p. 381. [Cal. State Papers, Dom. Ser. 1603-23, passim; MeCrie's Life of Melville, ii. 269, 528; Harwood's Alumni Etonenses; Douglas's Peerage, ed. Wood, i. 486; Birch's Life of Henry, Prince of Wales, p. 295, note; Le Neve's Fasti, iii. 243.] A. F. P. MURRAY, SIR THOMAS (1630?-1684), of Glendoick, clerk-register, was descended from a junior branch of the Murrays of Tullibardine, now represented by the Duke of Atholl. Born about 1630, he was the younger son of Thomas Murray of Cassochie and Woodend, advocate, who was sheriff-depute of Perthshire in 1649, and died in 1666. Having adopted the law as his profession, he was admitted advocate on 14 Dec. 1661. A second cousin of Lady Elizabeth Murray, countess of Dysart [q. v.], her patronage speedily brought preferment. In 1662 he was appointed lord-clerk-register, and on 14 June 1674 he became a senator of the College of Justice, with the title of Lord Glendoick, a designation taken from the estate in the Carse of Gowrie, which he had purchased, and which was ratified to him by parliament in February 1672. On 2 July 1676 he was created a baronet of Nova Scotia. In 1679 a royal license was granted to him to reprint the whole acts, laws, constitutions, and ordinances of the parlia ment of the kingdom of Scotland, both old and new.' The license was granted for nineteen years, and Murray farmed it to David Lindsay, merchant, and John Cairnes, printer, both of Edinburgh. He does not seem to have taken much share in the preparation of the volumes that still are quoted under his name, and certainly did not avail himself of the special facilities for executing the work which his position as lord-clerk-register gave him. His edition of the statutes is copied directly from Skene's edition of 1597, with the subsequent laws printed from sessional publications to bring up the work to 1681. This is the more unpardonable,' writes Professor Cosmo Innes, since he professes to have extracted the work from the original records of parliament; whereas, in fact, even the more accurate and ample edition of 1566 does not appear to have been consulted.' Two editions were printed in 1681, one of them in duodecimo and the other in folio. The former, though most frequently quoted, is the less accurate, and reproduces even the typographical errors of Skene's edition. But Murray's edition of the statutes, with all its imperfections, was habitually quoted in the Scottish courts as an authority until the beginning of this century. The marriage of Lady Dysart with the |