Crown of thorns, its transfer from Constantinople
to Paris, iv. 205.
Crowns, mural and obsidional, the distinction be-
tween, ii. 60, note.
Dandalo, Henry, doge of Venice, his character,
iv. 175. Is made despot of Romania, 194.
Daniel, first bishop of Winchester, his instruc-
tions to St. Boniface, for the conversion of infidels,
ii. 396.
Danielis, a Grecian matron, her presents to the
emperor Basil, iv. 6. Her visit to him at Constan-
tinople, 10. Her testament, ib.
Danube, course of the river, and the provinces of,
described, i. 14.
Daphne, the sacred grove and temple of, at An-
tioch, described, ii. 40. Is converted to Christian
purposes by Gallus, and restored to the Pagans by
Julian, 41. The temple burned, 42.
Crusade, the first resolved on at the council of
Clermont, iv. 109. Inquiry into the justice of the
holy war, 110. Examination into the private mo-
tives of the Crusaders, 113. Departure of the Cru-
saders, 114. Account of the chiefs, 116. Their
march to Constantinople, 121. Review of their
numbers, 126. They take Nice, 127. Battle of Do-
rylæum, ib. They take Antioch, 129. Their dis-
tress, 131. Are relieved by the discovery of the
holy lance, 132. Siege and conquest of Jerusalem,
135. Godfrey of Bouillon chosen king of Jerusa-
lem, 136. The second crusade, 142. The Cru-iii. 50. The demolition of, by the Persians, pre-
saders ill treated by the Greek emperors, 144. The vented by peace, 110. Is taken by Chosroes, king
third crusade, 156. Siege of Acre, ib. Fourth and of Persia, 212
fifth crusades, 160. Sixth crusade, 163. Seventh
crusade, 164. Recapitulation of the fourth cru-
sade, 175. General consequences of the crusades,
208.
Ctesiphon, the city of, plundered by the Romans,
i. 117. Its situation described, ii. 61. Julian de-
clines the siege of that city, 63. Is sacked by the
Saracens, iii. 413.
Cublai, emperor of China, his character, iv. 257.
Curopalata, his office under the Greek emperors,
iv. 11.
Customs, duties of, imposed by Augustus, i. 93.
Cycle of indictions, the origin of, traced, and how
now employed, i. 357, note.
Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, his history and
martyrdom, i. 305.
Dara, the fortification of, by Justinian, described,
Darius, his scheme for connecting the continents
of Europe and Asia, i. 331, 332.
Darkness, preternatural, at the time of the pas-
sion, is unnoticed by the heathen philosophers and
historians, i. 288.
Dastagerd, the Persian royal seat of, plundered by
the emperor Heraclius, iii. 239.
Datianus, governor of Spain, yields ready obedi-
ence to the Imperial edicts against the Christians,
i. 322.
Datius, bishop of Milan, instigates the revolt of
the Ligurians to Justinian, iii. 87. Escapes to Con-
stantinople on the taking of Milan by the Burgun-
dians, 89.
Debtors, insolvent, cruel punishment of, by the
law of the twelve tables, iii. 183.
Cyprus, the kingdom of, bestowed on the house
of Lusignan, by Richard I. of England, iv. 171.
Cyrene, the Greek colonies there finally extermi-petual edict, 156. Severity of, 182.
nated by Chosroes II. king of Persia, iii. 239.
Decemvirs, review of the law of their twelve
tables, iii. 153. These laws superseded by the per-
Cyriades, an obscure fugitive, is set up by Sapor
the Persian monarch, as emperor of Rome, i. 153.
Cyril, bishop of Jerusalem, his pompous relation
of a miraculous appearance of a celestial cross, i.
451. His ambiguous character, ii. 35.
patriarch of Alexandria, his life and cha-
racter, iii. 248. Condemns the heresy of Nestorius,
252. Procures the decision of the council of Ephe
sus against Nestorius, 253. His court intrigues,
Cyzicus, how it escaped destruction from the
Goths, i. 150. Is at length ruined by them, ib. The
island and city of, seized by the usurper Procopius,
ii. 84.
Dacia, conquest of, by the emperor Trajan, i. 4.
Its situation, 14. Is overrun by the Goths, 139.
resigned to them by Aurelian, 166.
Dagisteus, general of the emperor Justinian, be-
sieges Petra, iii. 118. Commands the Huns in Italy
under Narses, 136.
Daimbert, archbishop of Pisa, installed patriarch
of Jerusalem, iv. 137.
Dalmatia described, i. 15. Produce of a silver
mine there, 92, note.
Dalmatius, nephew of Constantine the Great, is
created Cesar, i. 369. Is sent to govern the Gothic
frontier, ib. Is cruelly destroyed by Constantius,
374.
Damascus, siege of, by the Saracens, iii. 419.
The city reduced both by storm and by treaty, 422.
Remarks on Hughes's tragedy of this siege, 423,
note. Taken and destroyed by Tamerlane, iv.
276.
Damasus, bishop of Rome, edict of Valentinian
addressed to him, to restrain the crafty avarice of
the Roman clergy, ii. 92. His bloody contest with
Ursinus for the episcopal dignity, 93, 94.
Dames, the Arab, his gallant enterprise against
the castle of Aleppo, iii. 430.
Damietta is taken by Louis IX. of France, iv.
Damophilus, archbishop of Constantinople, re-
signs his see, rather than subscribe the Nicene creed,
ii. 159.
Decius, his exaltation to the empire, i. 135. Was
persecutor of the Christians, 313.
Decurions, in the Roman empire, are severely
treated by the Imperial laws, i. 358.
Deification of the Roman emperors, how this
species of idolatry was introduced, i. 41.
Delators, are encouraged by the emperor Com-
modus, to gratify his hatred of the senate, i. 52.
Are suppressed by Pertinax, 39.
Delphi, the sacred ornaments of the temple of, re-
moved to Constantinople by Constantine the Great,
i. 336, note.
Democracy, a form of government unfavourable
to freedom in a large state, i. 21.
Demons, supposed to be the authors and objects
of Pagan idolatry, by the primitive Christians,
i. 257.
Demosthenes, governor of Cæsarea, his gallant
defence against, and heroic escape from, Sapor king
of Persia, i. 153.
Deogratias, bishop of Carthage, humanely suc-
cours the captives brought from Rome by Genseric
king of the Vandals, ii. 355.
Derar, the Saracen, his character, iii. 420.
Desiderius, the last king of the Lombards, con-
quered by Charlemagne, iii. 335.
Despot, nature of that title in the Greek empire,
iv. 11.
Despotism originates in superstition, i. 127, note.
Diadem assumed by Diocletian, what, i. 215.
Diamonds, the art of cutting them, unknown to
the ancients, i. 93, note.
Didius Julianus purchases the Imperial dignity at
a public auction, i. 62.
Diocesses of the Roman empire, their number
and government, i. 345.
Diocletian, the manner of his military election to
the empire, i. 197. This birth and character, ib.
Takes Maximian for his colleague, 199. Associates
as Cesars, Galerius, and Constantius Chlorus, 200.
His triumph in conjunction with Maximian, 212,
213 Fixes his court at the city of Nicomedia, 214.
Abdicates the empire, 217. Parallel between him
and the emperor Charles V.. 218. Passes his life in
retirement at Salona, ib. His impartial behaviour
towards the Christians, 315. Causes that produced
the persecution of the Christians under his reign,
Dion Cassius, the historian, screened from the
fury of the soldiers, by the emperor Alexander
Severus, i. 89.
Dioscorus, patriarch of Alexandria, his out-
rageous behaviour at the second council of Ephe-
sus, iii. 257. Is deposed by the council of Chalce-
don, 258.
Disabul, great khan of the Turks, his reception of
the ambassadors of Justinian, iii. 105.
Divorce, the liberty nd abuse of, by the Roman
laws, iii. 171. Limitations of, 173.
Docetes, their peculiar tenets, i. 440; iii. 245.
Derivation of their name, i. 440, note.
Dominic, St. Loricatus, his fortitude in flagella-
tion, iv. 112.
Dominus, when this epithet was applied to the
Roman emperors, i. 215.
Domitian, emperor, his treatment of his kinsmen
Flavius Sabinus and Flavius Clemens, i. 300, 301.
-, the oriental præfect, is sent by the em-
peror Constantius to reform the state of the East,
then oppressed by Gallus, i. 390. Is put to death
there, ib.
Donatus, his contest with Cæcilian for the sec of
Carthage, i. 436. History of the schism of the Do-
natists, 467.
Persecution of the Donatists by the
emperor Honorius, ii. 307.
Dorylæum, battle of, between sultan Soliman and
the first Crusaders, iv. 127.
Doxology, how introduced in the church service,
and how perverted, i. 464.
Dramatic representations at Rome, a character
of, ii. 250.
Dreams, the popular opinion of the preternatural
origin of, favourable to that of Constantine previous
to his battle with Maxentius, i. 419.
Dromedary, extraordinary speed of this animal,
i. 174, note.
Dromones of the Greek empire, described, iv. 17.
Druids, their power in Gaul suppressed by the
emperors Tiberius and Claudius, i. 20.
Druses of mount Libanus, a character of, iv. 104,
Duke, derivation of that title, and great change
in the modern, from the ancient application of it,
i. 349.
Durazzo, siege of, by Robert Guiscard, iv. 71.
Battle of, between him and the Greek emperor
Alexius, 73.
Earthquake, an extraordinary one over great part
of the Roman empire, ii. 115. Account of those
that happened in the reign of Justinian, iii. 148.
East India, the Roman commercial intercourse
with that region, i. 34. Commodities of, taxed by
Alexander Severus, 93.
Ebionites, account of that sect, i. 254, 255.
a confutation of their errors, supposed
by the primitive fathers to be a particular object in
the writings of St. John the Evangelist, i. 439.
their ideas of the person of Jesus
Christ, iii. 243.
Ecclesiastes, the book of, why not likely to be the
production of king Soliman, iii. 70, note.
Ecclesiastical and civil powers, distinguished by
the fathers of the Christian church, i. 427.
Ecdicius, son of the emperor Avitus, his gallant
conduct in Gaul, ii. 373.
Ecthesis of the emperor Heraclius, iii. 268.
Edda, of Iceland, the system of mythology in,
i. 137.
Edecon is sent from Attila king of the Huns, as
his ambassador to the emperor Theodosius the
Younger, ii. 325. Engages in a proposal to assassi-
nate Attila, 329. His son Odoacer, the first Barba-
rian king of Italy, 379.
of the school of, 270. History of the famous image
there, 324. The city and principality of, seized by
Baldwin the crusader, iv. 129. Is retaken by
Zenghi, 149. The counts of, 210.
Edict of Milan, published by Constantine the
Great, i. 413.
Edicts of the prætors of Rome, under the repub-
lic, their nature and tendency, iii. 156.
Edom, why that name was applied to the Roman
empire by the Jews, i. 291, note.
Edrisites, the Saracen dynasty of, iii. 489.
Edward I. of England, his crusade to the Holy
Land, iv. 165,
Egidius, his character and revolt in Gaul, ii. 365.
His son Syagrius, 409.
Egypt, general description of, i. 16. The super-
stitions of, with difficulty tolerated at Rome, 20.
Amount of its revenues, 92. Public works executed
there by Probus, 189. Conduct of Diocletian there,
205. Progress of Christianity there, 283.
edict of the emperor Valens, to restrain
the number of recluse monks there, ii. 92.
the worship of Serapis, how introduced
there, ii. 189. His temple, and the Alexandrian
library, destroyed by bishop Theophilus, 190. Origin
of monkish institutions in, 385.
great supplies of wheat furnished by, for
the city of Constantinople, in the time of Justinian,
Ecclesiastical history of, 278.
reduced by the Saracens, iii. 434. Cap-
ture of Alexandria, 437. Administration of, 440.
Description of, by Amrou, ib.
the Egyptians take Jerusalem from the
Turks, iv. 133. Egypt conquered by the Turks,
151. Government of the Mamalukes there, 164.
Elagabalus is declared emperor by the troops at
Emesa, i. 82. Was the first Roman who wore gar-
ments of pure silk, iii. 33.
Elephants, inquiry into the number of, brought
into the field by the ancient princes of the East, i.
119, note. With what view introduced in the cir-
cus at Rome in the first Punic war, 195.
Eleusinian mysteries, why tolerated by the em-
peror Valentinian, ii. 90.
Emigration of the ancient Northern nations, the
nature and motives of examined, i. 126.
Emperors of Rome, a review of their constitu-
tions, iii. 156. Their legislative power, ib. Their
rescripts, 158.
of Germany, their limited powers, iii.
356. Of Constantinople, their pomp and luxury,
iv. 8. Officers of the palace, state, and army, 11.
Adoration of the emperor, mode of, 12. Their
public appearance, 13. Their despotic power, 16.
Their navy, ib. They retain the name of Romans
to the last, 23.
Empire, Roman, division of, into the East and
West empires by Valentinian, ii. 82. Extinction of
the Western empire, 380.
Encampment, Roman, described, i. 10.
Ennodius, the servile flatterer of Theodoric the
Ostrogoth king of Italy, is made bishop of Pavia,
iii. 6, note.
Epagathus, leader of the mutinous Prætorians,
who murdered their præfect Ulpian, punished by
the emperor Alexander Severus, i. 89.
Ephesus, the famous temple of Diana at, de-
stroyed by the Goths, i. 151. Council of, iii. 252.
Episcopal riots there, 254.
Epicurus, his legacy to his philosophical disciples
at Athens, iii. 53.
Epirus, despots of, on the dismemberment of the
Greek empire, iv. 196.
Equitius, master-general of the Illyrian frontier,
is defeated by the Sarmatians, ii. 113.
Erasmus, his merit as a reformer, iv. 36,
Essenians, their distinguishing tenets and prac-
tices, i. 283.
Eucharist, a knotty subject to the first reformers,
iv. 35.
Edessa, the purest dialect of the Syriac language
spoken there, i. 24, note. The property of the
Christians there, confiscated by the emperor Julian, Eudes, duke of Aquitain, repels the first Saracen
for the disorderly conduct of the Arians, ii. 44. Re-invasion of France, iii. 467. Implores the aid of
volt of the Roman troops there, iii. 223. Account Charles Martel, 469. Recovers his dukedom, 470.
Eudocia, her birth, character, and marriage with
the emperor Theodosius the Younger, ii. 298. Her
disgrace and death, 300.
Eudoxia, her marriage with the emperor Arca-
dius, ii. 203. Stimulates him to give up his fa-
vourite Eutropius, 288. Persecutes St. Chrysostom,
293. Her death and character, 295.
——, daughter of Theodosius the Younger, is
betrothed to the young emperor Valentinian III. of
the West, ii. 304. Her character, 350. Is married
to the emperor Maximus, 353. Invites Gonseric
king of the Vandals to Italy, ib.
Eudoxus, bishop of Constantinople, baptizes the
emperor Valens, ii. 90.
Eugenius, the rhetorician, is made emperor of the
West by Arbogastes the Frank, ii. 178. Is defeated
and killed by Theodosius, 181.
Eugenius IV., pope, his contest with the council
of Basil, iv. 302. Procures a reunion of the Latin
and Greek churches, 308. Forms a league against
the Turks, 324. Revolt of the Roman citizens
against him, 404.
Eumenius, the orator, some account of, i. 221,
Eunapius, the sophist, his character of monks,
and the objects of their worship, ii. 194.
Eunomians, punishment of, by the edict of the
emperor Theodosius against heretics, ii. 163.
Eunuchs, enumerated in the list of Eastern com-
modities imported and taxed in the time of Alex-
ander Severus, i. 93. They infest the palace of the
third Gordian, 108. •
their ascendancy in the court of Con-
stantius, i. 387. Why they favoured the Arians,
451, note. Procure the banishment of Liberius
bishop of Rome, 465.
a conspiracy of, disappoint the schemes
of Rufinus, and marry the emperor Arcadius to
Eudoxia, ii. 203. They distract the court of the
emperor Honorius, 256. And govern that of Arca-
dius, 282. Scheme of Chrysaphius to assassinate
Attila king of the Huns, 329.
the bishop of Seez and his whole chap-
ter castrated, iv. 363, note.
Euric, king of the Visigoths in Gaul, his con-
quests in Spain, ii. 373. Is vested with all the
Roman conquests beyond the Alps by Odoacer king
of Italy, 408.
Europe, evidences that the climate of, was much
colder in ancient than in modern times, i. 122.
This alteration accounted for, ib.
final division of, between the Western
and Eastern empires, ii. 199. Is ravaged by Attila
king of the Huns, 319. Is now one great republic,
444.
Eusebia, empress, wife of Constantius, her steady
friendship to Julian, i. 392. Is accused of arts to
deprive Julian of children, 394.
Eusebius, his character of the followers of Arte-
mon, i. 286. His own character, 327. His story of
the miraculous appearance of the cross in the sky
to Constantine the Great, 420.
Eutropius, the eunuch, great chamberlain to the
emperor Arcadius, concerts his marriage with Eu-
doxia, in opposition to the views of Rufinus, ii. 203.
Succeeds Rufinus in the emperor's confidence, 207.
His character and administration, 282. Provides
for his own security, in a new law against treason,
285. Takes sanctuary with St. Chrysostom, 288.
His death, ib.
Eutyches, his opinion on the subject of the incar-
nation supported by the second council at Ephesus,
iii. 257. And adhered to by the Armenians, 277.
Euxine Sea, description of the vessels used in
navigating, i. 148.
Exaltation of the cross, origin of the annual fes-
tival of, iii. 241.
Exarch, of Ravenna, the government of Italy
settled in, and administered by, iii. 142. 202. Under
the Greck empire, the office and rank of, 337.
Excise duties imposed by Augustus, i. 93.
Excommunication from Christian communion,
the origin of, i. 278. 432.
Exile, voluntary, under accusation and conscious
guilt, its advantages among the Romans, iii. 189.
Faith, and its operations, defined, i. 267.
Falcandus, Hugo, character of his Historia Si-
cula, iv. 84, note. His lamentation on the transfer
of the sovereignty of the island to the emperor
Henry VI., 85.
Fathers of the Christian church, cause of their
austere morality, i. 268.
Fausta, empress, wife of Constantine the Great,
causes of her being put to death, i. 368.
Faustina, wife of Marcus Antoninus, character,
i. 50.
the widow of the emperor Constantius,
countenances the revolt of Procopius against the
emperor Valens, ii. 84.
Fælix is consecrated bishop of Rome, to super-
sede Liberius, who was exiled, i. 465. He is vio-
lently expelled, and his adherents slaughtered, ib.
Felix, an African bishop, his martyrdom, i. 321.
Festivals, Pagan, great offence taken at, by the
primitive Christians, i. 259.
Feudal government, the rudiments of, to be found
among the Scythians, ii. 121.
Figures, numeral, occasion of their first public
and familiar use, iii. 463.
Finances of the Roman empire, when the seat of
it was removed to Constantinople, reviewed, i. 357.
Fingal, his questionable history, whether to be
connected with the invasion of Caledonia by the
emperor Severus, i. 75.
Fire, Greek, the Saracen fleet destroyed by, in the
harbour of Constantinople, iii. 464. Is long pre-
served as a secret, 466. Its effects not to be com-
pared with gunpowder, iv. 18.
Firmus, an Egyptian merchant, his revolt against
the emperor Aurelian, i. 175.
the Moor, history of his revolt against the
emperor Valentinian, ii. 104.
Flagellation, its efficacy in penance, and how
proportioned, iv. 112.
Flamens, Roman, their number, and peculiar of-
fice, ii. 184.
Flaminian way, its course described, iii. 137,
note.
Flavian, archbishop of Constantinople, is killed
at the second council of Ephesus, iii. 257.
Fleece, golden, probable origin of the fable of, iii.
114, 115.
Florence, the foundation of that city, ii. 227,
note. Is besieged by Radagaisus, and relieved by
Stilicho, ib.
Florentius, prætorian præfect of Gaul under Con-
stantius, his character, i. 410; ii. 3. Is condemned
by the tribunal of Chalcedon, but suffered to escape
by Julian, 17.
Florianus, brother of the emperor Tacitus, his
eager usurpation of the Imperial dignity, i. 183.
Fornication, a doubtful plea for divorce, by gospel
authority, iii. 174, note.
France, modern, computation of the number of
its inhabitants, and the average of their taxation, i.
360.
the name of, whence derived, ii. 426.
Derivation of the French language, 430, note.
Childeric deposed, and Pepin appointed
king, by papal sanction, iii. 336. Reign and cha-
racter of Charlemagne, 344. Invasion of, by the
Saracens, 467.
Frangipani, Censio, his profane violation of the
persons of pope Gelasius II. and his college of car-
dinals, iv. 364. Derivation of his family name,
381.
Franks, their origin and confederacy, i. 144. They
invade Gaul, and ravage Spain, 145. They pass
over into Africa, 145, 146. Bold and successful re-
turn of a colony of, from the sea of Pontus, by sea,
188.
they overrun and establish themselves at
Toxandria in Germany, i. 403.
their fidelity to the Roman government, il.
1229. Origin of the Merovingian race of their kings,
335. How converted to Christianity, 339. Reign
of their king Clovis, 408. Final establishment of
the French monarchy in Gaul, 419. Their laws,
420. Give the name of France to their conquests
in Gaul, 426. They degenerate into a state of anar-
chy, 430.
Franks, they invade Italy, iii. 89. 140.
their military character, iv. 21.
Fravitta, the Goth, his character and deadly
quarrel with his countryman Priulf, ii. 151. His
operations against Gainas, 289.
Frederic L., emperor of Germany, his tyranny in
Italy, iii. 356. Engages in the third crusade, iv. 143.
His disastrous expedition, 146. 156. Sacritices Ar-
nold of Brescia to the pope, 367. His reply to the
Roman ambassadors, 373.
II. is driven out of Italy, iii. 356. His
disputes with the pope, and reluctant crusade, iv.
161. Exhorts the European princes to unite in op-
posing the Tartars, iv. 255.
III. the last emperor crowned at Rome,
Freedmen, among the Romans, their rank in so-
ciety, iii. 168.
Freemen of Laconia, account of, iv. 6.
Fritigern, the Gothic chief, extricates himself
from the hands of Lupicinus, governor of Thrace,
ii. 133. Defeats him, ib. Battle of Salices, 135.
His strength recruited by the accession of new
tribes, 136. Negotiates with Valens, 139. Battle
of Hadrianople, ib. The union of the Gothic tribes
broken by his death, 147.
Frumentius was the first Christian missionary in
Abyssinia, i. 426.
Fulk of Neuilly, his ardour in preaching the fourth
crusade, iv. 173.
Gabinius, king of the Quadi, is treacherously
murdered by Marcellinus, governor of Valeria, ii.
Converts the grove of Daphne at Antioch to a
Christian burying-place, 41.
Games, public, of the Romans, described, i. 110;
ii. 250. Account of the factions of the circus,
iii. 28.
Ganges, source of that river, iv. 274, note.
Gaudentius, the notary, is condemned to death
under the emperor Julian, ii. 17.
Gaul, the province of, described, i. 13.
power of the Druids suppressed there by Tiberius
and Claudius, 20. Cities in, 30. Amount of the
tribute paid by that province to Rome, 92. Is de-
fended against the Franks by Posthumous, 145.
Succession of usurpers there, 169. Invasion of,
by the Lygians, 186. Revolt of the Bagaudæ sup-
pressed by Maximian, 200. Progress of Christianity
there, 284.
proportion of the capitation-tax levied
there by the Roman emperor, i. 359. Is invaded by
the Germans, 403. The government of, assigned to
Julian, 404. His civil administration, 409. Is in-
vaded by the Alemanni, under the emperor Valenti-
nian, ii. 95. And under Gratian, 137.
destruction of idols and temples there, by
Martin, bishop of Tours, ii. 188. Is overrun by the
barbarous troops of Radagaisus, after his defeat by
Stilicho, 229. Is settled by the Goths, Burgundiaus,
and Franks, 277. Assembly of the seven provinces
in, 280. Reign of Theodoric, king of the Visigoths
in, 334. Origin of the Merovingian race of the
kings of the Franks in, 335. Invasion of, by Attila
king of the Huns, 338. Battle of Châlons, 340.
Revolutions of, on the death of the emperor Majo-
rian, 372. Conversion of, to Christianity, by the
Franks, 404. Representation of the advantages it
enjoyed under the Roman government, 407. Con-
quests and prosperity of Euric king of the Visi-
goths, 408. Character and reign of Clovis, ib. The
Alemanni conquered, 411. Submission of the Ar-
moricans, and the Roman troops, 413. Final esta-
Gaillard, M., character of his Histoire de Charle-blishment of the French monarchy in Gaul, 419.
magne, iii. 344, note.
Gainas, the Goth, is commissioned by Stilicho to
execute his revenge on Rufinus, præfect of the
East, ii. 206. His conduct in the war against the
revolter Tribigild, 287. Joins him, 289. His flight
and death, 200.
Gala, probable derivation of the term, iv. 13,
Galata, the suburb of, at Constantinople, assigned
to the Genoese, iv. 244.
Galerius is associated in the administration, as
Cesar, by the emperor Diocletian, i. 200. Is defeated
by the Persians, 208. Surprises and overthrows
Narses, 209. Assumes the title of Augustus, on the
abdication of Diocletian, 222. His jealousy of Con-
stantine, 224. Deems it prudent to acknowledge
him Cesar, 226. His unsuccessful invasion of Italy,
228. Invests Licinius with the purple on the death
of Severus, 230. His death, 232. From what
causes he entertained an aversion to the Christians,
317. Obtains the countenance of Diocletian for
persecuting them, 318. Publishes an edict of tolera-
tion just before his death, 324.
Galileans, twofold application of that name in
the infancy of Christianity, i. 299. Why the em-
peror Julian applied this name to the Christians,
ii. 38.
Gallienus, son of the emperor Valerian, is asso-
ciated by him in the Imperial throne, i. 144. Pro-
hibits the senators from exercising military employ-
ments, 147. Character of his administration after
the captivity of his father, 155. Names Claudius
for his successor, 161. Favoured the Christians,
314.
Galleys of the Greek empire described, iv. 17.
Gallus, elected emperor, on the minority of Hosti-
lianus, the son of Decius, i. 142.
nephew of Constantine the Great, his
education, i. 388. Is invested with the title of
Cesar, ib. His cruelty and imprudence, 389. His
disgrace and death, 391. Embraced the doctrine,
but neglected the precepts, of Christianity, ii. 23.
History of the Salic laws, 420. The lands of,
how claimed and divided by the Barbarian con-
querors of, 423. Domain and benefices of the Me-
rovingian princes, 424. Usurpations of the Seniors,
425. Privileges of the Romans in, 429.
Gedrosia, revolutions of the sea-coast of, i. 116,
note.
Gelalæan era of the Turks, when settled, iv. 99.
Gelasius, pope, his zeal against the celebration of
the feast of the Lupercalia, ii. 370. Deplores the
miserable decay of Italy, 383.
II. pope, his rough treatment by Censio
Frangipani, iv. 364.
Gelimer deposes Hilderic the Vandal king of
Africa, and usurps the government, iii. 57. Is de-
feated by Belisarius, 63. His final defeat, 66. His
distressful flight, 68. Surrenders himself to Beli-
sarius, 69. Graces his triumph, 70. His peaceful
retirement, ib.
General of the Roman army, his extensive power,
Gennadius, the monk, his denunciation against a
Greek union with the Latin church, iv. 342.
Gennerid, the Roman general, under the emperor
Honerius, his character, ii. 256.
Genoese, their mercantile establishment in the
suburb of Pera at Constantinople, iv. 244. Their
war with the emperor Cantacuzene, 245.
Genseric, king of the Vandals in Spain, his cha-
racter, ii. 306. Goes over to Africa on the invita-
tion of count Boniface, ib. His successes there by
the assistance of the Donatists, 307. Devastation
of Africa by his troops, 309. Besieges Boniface in
Hippo Regius, ib. His treacherous surprisal of
Carthage, 311. Strengthens himself by an alliance
with Attila king of the Huns, 319. His brutal
treatment of his son's wife, daughter of Theodoric,
335. Raises a naval force, and invades Italy, 352
His sack of Rome, 354. Destroys the fleet of Majo-
rian, 364. His naval depredations on Italy, 366
ricum, and are chastised by Constantine the Great,
245, 246.
Goths, their war with the Sarmatians, i. 371. Are
again routed by Constantine, ib. Gothic war under
His claims on the Eastern empire, 367. Destroys |
the Roman fleet under Basiliscus, 372.
Was an
Arian, and persecuted his Catholic subjects, 398.
Gentlemen, etymology of the term, iv. 119, note.
Geoponics of the emperor Constantine Porphyro-the emperors Valentinian and Valens, ii. 110. Are
genitus, account of, iv. 2.
George of Cappadocia supersedes Athanasius in
the see of Alexandria, i. 461. His scandalous his-
tory, and tragical death, ii. 43. Becomes the tutelar
saint of England, 44.
Gepida, their encroachments on the Eastern em-
pire checked by the Lombards, iii. 98. Are reduced
by them, 193.
Germanus, nephew of the emperor Justinian, his
character and promotion to the command of the
army sent to Italy, iii. 135. His death, ib.
Germany, the rude institutions of that country,
the original principles of European laws and man-
ners, i. 121. Its ancient extent, ib. How peopled,
123. The natives unacquainted with letters in the
time of Tacitus, 124. Had no ciues, ib. Manners
of the ancient Germans, 125. Population, 126.
State of liberty among them, 127. Authority of
their magistrates, 128. Conjugal faith and chastity,
129. Their religion, 130. Arms and discipline, 132.
Their feuds, 133. General idea of the German
tribes, 134. Probus carries the Roman arms into
Germany, 186. A frontier wall built by Probus,
from the Rhine to the Danube, 187.
invasions of Gaul by the Germans, i.
403; ii. 95.
state of, under the emperor Charle-
magne, iii. 347. The Imperial crown established in
the name and nation of Germany, by the first Otho,
Division of, among independent princes, 356.
Formation of the Germanic constitution, 357. State
assumed by the emperor, 358.
Gerontius, count, sets up Maximus as emperor in
Spain, and loses his life in the attempt, ii. 271.
Geta and Caracalla, sons of the emperor Severus,
1. 74. Their fixed antipathy to each other, ib.
Gildo, the Moor, his revolt in Africa, ii. 203.
defeat and death, 211.
Gladiators, desperate enterprise and fate of a party
of, reserved for the triumph of Probus, i. 189. The
combats of, abolished by the emperor Honorius, ii.
223.
Glycerius is first emperor of Rome, and then
bishop of Salona, ii. 377. Murders Julius Nepos,
and is made archbishop of Milan, 378.
Gnostics, character and account of the sect of, i.
255. Principal sects into which they divided, 256,
257. Their peculiar tenets, 440; iii. 245.
Godfrey of Bouillon, his character, and engage-
ment in the first crusade, iv. 116. His route to Con-
stantinople, 121, 122. Is elected king of Jerusalem,
137. Compiles the assize of Jerusalem, 139. Form
of his administration, ib.
Gog and Magog, the famous rampart of, described,
iii. 51.
Goisvintha, wife of Leovigild king of Spain, her
pious cruelty to the princess Ingundis, ii. 404.
Gold of affliction, the tax so denominated in the
Eastern empire, abolished by the emperor Anasta-
sius, iii. 36, 37.
Golden horn, why the Bosphorus obtained this
appellation in remote antiquity, i. 331.
Gordianus, proconsul of Africa, his character
and elevation to the empire of Rome, i. 100. His
son associated with him in the Imperial dignity,
101.
Gordian, the third and youngest, declared Cesar,
i. 104. Is declared emperor by the army, on the
murder of Maximus and Balbinus, 108.
Goths of Scandinavia, their origin, i. 136. Their
religion, ib. The Goths and Vandals supposed to
be originally one great people, 138. Their emigra-
tions to Prussia and the Ukraine, 138, 139. They
invade the Roman provinces, 139. They receive
tribute from the Romans, 142. They subdue the
Bosphorus, 148. Plunder the cities of Bithynia,
149. They ravage Greece, 150.
with the emperor Aurelian, 166.
defeated by the Huns, 128. They implore the pro-
tection of the emperor Valens, 129. They are re-
ceived into the empire, 130. They are oppressed by
the Roman governors of Thrace, 132. Are pro-
voked to hostilities, and defeat Lupicinus, 133.
They ravage Thrace, 134. Battle of Salices, 135.
They are strengthened by fresh swarms of their
Countrymen, 136. Battle of Hadrianople, 139.
Scour the country from Hadrianople to Constanti-
nople, 141. Massacre of the Gothic youth in
Asia, 143. Their formidable union broken by the
death of Fritigern, 147. Death and funeral of
Athanaric, 148. Invasion and defeat of the Ostro-
gothis, ib. Are settled in Thrace, by Theodosius,
150. Their hostile sentiments, ib.
revolt of, under Honorius, ii. 213. They
ravage Greece under the command of Alaric, 214,
They invade Italy, 218. The sack of Rome by,
260. Death of Alaric, 266. Victories of Wallia in
Spain, 275. They are settled in Aquitain, 276. See
Gaul and Theodoric. Conquest of the Visigoths in
Gaul and Spain, 372. How the Goths were con-
verted to the Christian religion, 394. 405.
reign of Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths,
iii. 2. The Goths in Italy extinguished, 142.
Government, civil, the origin of, i. 127.
Governors of provinces, under the emperors, their
great power and influence, i. 348.
Gratian was the first emperor who refused the
pontifical robe, i. 471, note. Marries the princess
Constantia, and succeeds to the empire, ii. 115.
Defeats the Alemanni in Gaul, 137. Invests Theo-
dosius with the empire of the East, 144.
his character and conduct, ii. 152. His
flight from Maximus, and death, 154. Over-
threw the ecclesiastical establishment of Paganism,
184.
Greece is ravaged by the Goths, i. 150. Is over-
run by Alaric, the Goth, ii. 214. Is reduced by the
Turks, iv. 356.
Greek church, origin of the schism of, iv. 166.
308. 320.
Greek empire. See Constantinople.
Greeks, why averse to the Roman language and
manners, i. 24. The Greek becomes a scientific
language among the Romans, ib. Character of the
Greek language of Constantinople, iv. 310. When
first taught in Italy, 313.
Greek learning, revival of, in Italy, iv. 311.
Gregory the Great, pope, his pious presents to
Recared, king of Spain, ii. 405. Exhorts Theode-
linda, queen of the Lombards, to propagate the
Nicene faith, ib. His enmity to the venerable
buildings and learning of Rome, iii. 207. His birth
and early profession, 208. His elevation to the
pontificate, 209. Sends a mission to convert the
Britons, 210. Sanctifies the usurpation of the em-
peror Phocas, 225.
II. pope, his epistles to Leo III. emperor
of Constantinople, iii. 330. Revolts against the
Greek emperor, 331.
VII. pope, his ambitious schemes, iii.
His contest with the emperor Henry III., tv.
His retreat to Salerno, 77. 363.
præfect of Africa, history of him and
Nazianzen, his lamentation on the dis-
graceful discord among Christians, i. 469. Loads
the memory of the emperor Julian with invective,
ii. 22. Censures Constantius for having spared his
life, 27, note.
is presented to the wretched
see of Sasima, by his friend archbishop Basil, ii.
158. His mission to Constantinople, 159. Is placed
on the archiepiscopal throne by Theodosius, ib.
His resignation and character, 161.
Conclude a treaty Grumbates, king of the Chionites, attends Sapor
They ravage Illy-king of Persia in his invasion of Mesopotamia, i.
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