78 1095 Urban II. in the Council of Placentia .... 107

Council of Clermont....

185 Last War with the Greeks and Normans ib. 1096, 1097 March of the Princes to Constanti-

PAGE

697-1200 State of the Venetians............ 174

.......

176

.... 177

Preservation of the Greek Empire-Numbers, Pas-

sage, and Event of the Second and Third Cru-1201 Alliance of the French and Venetians 175

sades-St. Bernard-Reign of Saladin in Egypt

1202 Assembly and Departure of the Crusade

and Syria-His Conquest of Jerusalem-Naval

from Venice.......

Crusades-Richard the First of England-Pope

Siege of Zara............

Innocent the Third; and the Fourth and Fifth

Crusades-the Emperor Frederic the Second-

Louis the Ninth of France; and the last two

Crusades-Expulsion of the Latins or Franks by

the Mamalukes.

A. D.

1097-1118 Success of Alexius..

Expeditions by Land.........................................................

1101 The first Crusade..

PAGE

1147 The second, of Conrad III. and Louis VII. ib.

1189 The third, of Frederic I.....

ib.

ib.

Their Numbers.....

Alliance of the Crusaders with the Greek

Prince, the young Alexius......... ib.

1203 Voyage from Zara to Constantinople 179

Fruitless Negotiation of the Emperor.... 180

Passage of the Bosphorus

.....

First Siege and Conquest of Constantino-

ple by the Latins

Restoration of the Emperor Isaac Ange-

ib.

....

182

142

143

lus, and his son Alexius....

183

ib.

Quarrels of the Greeks and Latins.......

184

1204 The War renewed......

185

Alexius and his Father deposed by Mour-

zoufle......

186

Second Siege....

ib.

...... 146

Pillage of Constantinople

Division of the Spoil...

............... 188

ib.

ib.

CHAPTER LXI.

1127-1145 Zenghi

1145-1174 Noureddin...

ib.

ib.

Passage through the Greek Empire...... 144
Turkish Warfare.................
Obstinacy of the Enthusiasm of the Cru-
sades....

1163-1169 Conquest of Egypt by the Turks... 150

1171 End of the Fatimite Caliphs

151

1171-1193 Reign and Character of Saladin... 152

1187 His Conquest of the Kingdom............................

And City of Jerusalem...

1188 The third Crusade, by Sea

1189-1191 Siege of Acre....

133

154

156

ib.

1191, 1192 Richard of England in Palestine... 157

1192 His Treaty and Departure

1193 Death of Saladin

1198-1916 Innocent III. .....................

1203 The fourth Crusade

159

Misery of the Greeks................... 189

Sacrilege and Mockery.

Destruction of the Statues ..............

ib.

160

ib.

1218 The fifth........

ib.

1228 The Emperor Frederic II. in Palestine

1243 Invasion of the Carizmians

... 161

1205 The Bulgarian War

162

ib.

163

Death of the Emperor

ib.

164

ib.

1248-1254 St. Louis, and the sixth Crusade..

1249 He takes Damietta

1250 His Captivity in Egypt...

1270 His Death before Tunis, in the seventh

Crusade.

1250-1517 The Mamalukes of Egypt........

1268 Loss of Antioch.......

1291 The Loss of Acre and the Holy Land.... ib.

165

1206-1216 Reign and Character of Henry..... ib.

1217 Peter of Courtenay, Emperor of Constan-

201

ib.

tinople..

1217-1219 His Captivity and Death..

1228-1237 Baldwin II, and John of Brienne,

1221-1228 Robert, Emperor of Constantinople 202

Emperors of Constantinople...................

1237-1261 Baldwin II. ...

206

203

The Holy Crown of Thorns............. 205

....... 204

1237-1271 Progress of the Greeks...

1259 Michael Palæologus, the Greek Emperor. ib.

1261 Constantinople recovered by the Greeks.. 207

General Consequences of the Crusades... 208

Digression on the Family of Courtenay.

1020 Origin of the Family of Courtenay

1101-1152 I. The Counts of Edessa.......... ib.

...... 210

II. The Courtenays of France........... 211

1150 Their Alliance with the Royal Family

III. The Courtenays of England...............

The Earls of Devonshire..

CHAPTER LXII.

ib.

213

....... 214

The Greek Emperors of Nice and Constantinople-

Elevation and Reign of Michael Paleologus-

His false Union with the Pope and the Latin

Church-Hostile Designs of Charles of Anjou-

Revolt of Sicily-War of the Catalans in Asia

and Greece-Revolutions and present State of

Athens.

ib. A.D.

PAGE

171

Restoration of the Greek Empire

... 215

1204-1222 Theodore Lascaris ...........................

1222-1255 John Ducas Vataces.............. ib.

ib.

1225-1259 Theodore Lascaris II. ................................ 21*

1259 Minority of John Lascaris ............................ 21.

1186 Revolt of the Bulgarians..

1195-1203 Usurpation and Character of Alex-

ius Angelus ....

..................................... 172

ib.

Embraced by the Barons of France...... 173

1198 The fourth Crusade.

1274 Institution of the Conclave by Gregory X. ib.

Absence of the Popes from Rome

377

378

Four Causes of Destruction..

I. The Injuries of Nature; Hurricanes and

Earthquakes; Fires; Inundations.....

1294-1303 Boniface VIII.......

1309 Translation of the Holy See to Avignon ib.

1300 Institution of the Jubilee or Holy Year... 379

1350 The second Jubilee...

380

III. The Use and Abuse of the Materials 414

IV. The domestic Quarrels of the Romans 416

The Coliscum or Amphitheatre of Titus. 418

Games of Rome...

The Nobles or Barons of Rome......... ib. 1332 A Bull-Feast in the Coliseum ....

Family of Leo the Jew

...... 381

The Colonna........................... 382

And Ursina..... ................................................. 383 1420

Their hereditary Feuds

ib.

....

419

ib.

Injuries, and Consecration of the Coliseum 420

Ignorance and Barbarism of the Romans 421

Bestoration and Ornaments of the City 422

Final Conclusion...

423