A Treatise on Infinitesimal Calculus: Differential calculus. 1857

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University Press, 1857 - Calculus

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Contents

Fundamental theorems on infinities and infinitesimals
9
Examples on the above theorems
10
The relation of the finite to the infinite and the infinitesimal
11
Functions on dependent and independent variables
12
1315 Functions are implicit and explicit algebraical and tran
13
scendental simple and compound continuous and dis continuous
15
The generation of continuous quantity Page 7 8 9 11 12 15
16
Derivation and derivedfunctions
32
Description of the Differential Calculus
34
CHAPTER II
51
31
56
32
57
SECTION 2 Fundamental Lemmas of the Infinitesimal Calculus 21 Evaluation of 1+x when a is infinitesimal 22 Tan a a and sin a are equal when a is...
58
37
60
Differentiation of a product of many functions
62
The differentiation of functions of many variables
70
Laplaces Theorem
93
Imaginary logarithms
113
Certain corollaries of the theorem of Art
114
Taylors Series
119
Examples wherein orders of infinitesimals are determined
120
Transformations in terms of a new variable
125
The order of successive differentiations with respect to many
131
Eulers Theorems of homogeneous functions
137
Expansion of one of the variables of an implicit function
143
Lagranges Theorem
149
The formation of differential equations by means
165
Transformation of partial differential expressions
180
Evaluation of quantities of the forms
185
0
193
Mode of evaluating and examples of such quantities
210
The number of given points through which a curve of
211
that of Art 111
222
Expansion of x+h y + k
228
Method of determining asymptotes by means of expansion
232
CHAPTER VII
235
Examples of maxima and minima
243
Maxima and minima of implicit functions of
250
Quadruple points 392
257
Application of the method to total minima
258
The sufficiency of the process
259
Examples of the process
260
A consideration of a case wherein the requisite conditions are not fulfilled
262
Maxima and minima of functions of three and more independent variables 163 Conditions of such singular values of a function of three independent...
263
The requisite conditions in the most general case
264
The method of least squares
266
Examples of the method of least squares
270
Maxima and minima of functions when all the variables are not independent 167 Investigation of the most general case of many variables
271
Discussion of the case of two variables which are connected by a given equation
273
Examples illustrative of the preceding methods
274
CHAPTER IV
279
The continuity of algebraical expressions
280
Proof that every equation has a root
282
If a is a root of ƒ x ƒx is divisible by xa
284
The roots of fx are intermediate to those of ƒ x
285
If fx has m equal roots fx has m1 roots equal to them
287
Sturms Theorem
288
Examples in which Sturms Theorem is applied
291
180
292
Fouriers Theorem
293
Des Cartes rule of signs
295
The definitions of some geometrical terms founded on
298
Hence also under certain conditions
301
Interpretation of+ and of + 娄
305
190
307
On the generation of some plane curves of higher orders
311
On asymptotes out of the plane of reference
363
Examples in illustration
370
Multiple tangents
377
An explicit function is explained which well exhibits some
384
On tracing curves by means of their equations
393
CHAPTER XI
411
Other values of p
417
Direction of curvature and points of inflexion
423
Explanation of curvature definition of curvature of a circle
432
Value of the radius of curvature when the equation is
439
On the circle of curvature
447
The order and the class of the evolute singular properties
454
CONTACT OF CURVES AND ENVELOPES
461
Conditions under which a circle can have contact of
468
General case of n parameters and n 1 conditions
475
The degree of the first polar envelope
481
General properties of such caustics
491
surface
493
Caustic by reflexion on a logarithmic spiral
494
General properties of caustics by refraction
495
All caustics are rectifiable
496
PRICE VOL I d
497
CHAPTER XIV
498
The equation to a tangent plane to a curved surface
500
The directioncosines of the tangentplane
501
Modified forms of the equation to the tangent plane when the equation to the surface is a explicit 8 homo geneous and algebraical
502
The equations to a normal of a curved surface
503
The equations to a perpendicular through the origin on a tangent plane
504
Singular forms of tangent planes Cones of the second and third orders
506
CHAPTER XV
509
The equation to the normal plane
511
The equations to the binormal
513
Examples of the preceding formulæ
514
The distinguishing criterion of plane and nonplane curves
516
CHAPTER XVI
518
Ruled surfaces
520
Developable surfaces
521
Examples of developable surfaces
534
CHAPTER XVII
547
Torsion
553
Evolutes of nonplane curves
559
Double points and the Hessian when the equation of
561
The osculating surface
565
Perpendicularity of normal sections
574
Curvature of any normal section
575
Normal sections of maximum and minimum curvature
576
Application to the ellipsoid
579
Umbilics
582
Lines of curvature
584
The Theorem of Dupin
586
Three confocal surfaces of the second order
589
Modification of the conditions when the equation is explicit
591
Meuniers theorem of oblique sections
593
Explanation of properties by means of the indicatrix
594
Osculating surfaces
597
Measure of curvature
598
CHAPTER XIX
600
The laws of commutation distribution and iteration
601
The extension of the same to algebraical functions
603
The law of total differentiation
604
Three fundamental theorems
606
Illustrative examples
607
Leibnitzs Theorem and particular forms
608
Another form of Leibnitzs Theorem
609
Extension of Eulers Theorem
610

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