By the same Author. AN ELEMENTARY LATIN GRAMMAR. Third Edition, Revised and Corrected. Extra fcp. 8vo. Cloth, 2s. 6d., or 60 cents. A FIRST LATIN EXERCISE BOOK. Fourth Edition. Extra fcp. 8vo. Cloth, 2s. 6d., or 60 cents. A SECOND LATIN EXERCISE BOOK, with Hints for Higher Latin Prose Composition. Extra fcp. 8vo. Cloth, 3s. 6d., or 85 cents. RUDIMENTA LATINA. PART I. GRAMMAR. ALPHABET AND PARTS OF SPEECH. § 1. Alphabet. The Latin Alphabet is the same as the English, without W. § 2. Parts of Speech. There are eight Parts of Speech, namely, the Noun-Substantive, Noun-Adjective, Pro-noun, Verb, Ad-verb, Preposition, Conjunction, and Interjection. The Noun-Substantive is the name of any thing, as, magister, a master. The Noun-Adjective expresses a quality, as, bonus, good. The Pro-noun is used instead of a Substantive or Adjective, as, ille, he; meus, my. The Verb expresses an action, as, amo, I love; or a The Ad-verb is added to a Verb or Adjective, and shows The Conjunction joins together words or sentences, as, The Interjection is an exclamation, as, heu, alas! B § 3. The Article. There is no Article, a, an, or the, in Latin. Thus bellum may mean war, a war, or the war. SUBSTANTIVES. § 4. The five Declensions. Of Substantives there are five Declensions, which are known by the endings of their Genitive Case Singular. The 1st Declension has Gen. Sing. in -ae; the 2nd in -i; the 3rd in -Is; the 4th in -ūs; the 5th in -ei. § 5. Number, Gender, Case. Substantives have two Numbers, the Singular and the Plural; three Genders, the Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter; and six Cases, the Nominative, Vocative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, and Ablative. $6. THE FIRST DECLENSION. Nominative. The Nominative Case ends in -ă. Gender. Feminine; except a few names of men, as, Publicola, Publicola, or designations of men, as, poeta, a poet, which are masculine. |