VOCABULARY IV.

Third Declension. Nouns in -ium.

aur-is, -is, an ear.

caed-es, -is, slaughter. clad-es, -is, a defeat. class-is, -is, a fleet. coll-is, -is, m., a hill. cubil-e, -is, a bed.

fam-es, -is, hunger.

fel-es, -is, a cat.

host-is, -is, an enemy (see Note).
nub-es, -is, a cloud.

ovil-e, -is, a sheepfold.
ov-is, -is, a sheep.
pell-is, -is, a skin, hide.

ret-e, -is, a net.
vall-is, -is, a valley.

vest-is, -is, a garment.

Note. The Plural host-es, -ium, is often used for the enemy.

VOCABULARY V.

Third Declension. Exceptions (see p. 48).

can-is, -is, a dog.

o-s, -ssis, n., a bone.

civ-is, -is, a citizen.

den-s, -tis, m., a tooth.
frat-er, -ris, a brother.
ign-is, -is, m., fire.
juven-is, -is, m., a youth.
mat-er, -ris, a mother.
mess-is, -is, a harvest.

nav-is, -is, a ship.

nec or neque, nor, and... not.

par-s, -tis, a part.

pat-er, -ris, a father.
sen-ex, -is, an old man.
Thames-is, -is, the Thames.
turr-is, -is, a tower.

ungu-is, -is, a nail.

vat-es, -is, a prophet.

vis, force, violence: pl. vir-es, -ium, strength.

Note.-Neque . . . neque, or nec... nec, are translated neither . . . nor, as, nec Brutus nec Cassius, neither Brutus nor Cassius.

EXERCISE IV.

Third Declension. Nouns in -ium.

Note.-Aut and vel both mean 'or,' as, Brutus aut Cassius, Brutus vel Cassius, 'Brutus or Cassius.' Aut. . . aut, vel . . . vel, are translated either... or, as, aut Brutus aut Cassius, vel Brutus vel Cassius, ' either Brutus or Cassius.'

(a) Fame. Felibus. Hostium. Nubibus. Vesti. Pelle. Colles. Vallis.

(6) Oves et ovilia. Retis. Cubilibus. Classium. Cladibus. Caedi. Aure vel pelle.

(c) Collibus vallibusque. Et aurium et pellium. Ovili. Feli vel ovi. Aut nubes aut classes. Vel fame vel caede. Nubibusque et classibus. Pellibus ovium.

(d) Fame vel clade. Aut vestium aut retium. Hostium feliumque aures. Ovium vel felium pellibus. Cladi hostium. Caede ovium. Hostium oviumque caedi. Aut ovi aut ovili.

Translate into Latin:

(e) O enemies. Of garments. For a fleet. To or for ears. By a bed. Nets.

Defeats.

For cats.

(ƒ) Either valleys or hills. For the skins. The garments of the enemy. By the hunger of cats. The beds of cats or sheep. O slaughter of the enemy. From either hills or valleys. Both beds and sheepfolds.

To or for

(g) By the slaughter either of sheep or cats. the defeat of the enemy. O skins of sheep. Either by fleets or beds. By garments or nets. Both sheepfolds and sheep. Either valleys or clouds. For a defeat or slaughter.

(h) By the enemies of cats and sheep. O ears and skin of the cat. Either of clouds or fleets. By the beds or sheepfolds of the sheep. For a garment and an ear. By the hunger of enemies and sheep. O skins or garments. By

cats' ears.

EXERCISE V.

Third Declension. Exceptions (see p. 48). Translate into English :

(a) Turri. Navim. Unguibus. Ossa. Vatum. Patris. Messium. Igni.

(6) Vi juvenum. Osse senis. Fratrum crinibus. Virium patris. Civium dentes. Parti turris. Thamesi. Pars civium. (c) Nec dentes nec ossa canum. Nec ungues nec vires civium. Ignium juvenumque vi. Mater fratresque patris. Partes navium. Et senis et juvenis vires. Nec senum nec juvenum ungues. Aut ignium aut fratrum vi.

(d) Partes ossium et unguium. Vel dentium vel canum. Vel Thamesi vel ungui. Patribus matribusque civium. Fratrum viribus et vatum. Messium vatumque. Ossibus dentibusque canum. Vi turrium naviumque. Osse et ungui civis. Dentiumque et ignium vis..

Translate into Latin:

(e) By a harvest. To or for a fire. prophets. Of strength. By old men. brothers. O Thames.

From a fire. Of
Young men and

(ƒ) The violence of the fathers. The mother's teeth and nails. The brother's dogs and ships. By the strength of towers. For the citizen's dogs. The teeth and bones of the father and mother. By parts either of ships or towers. For the young man's nail.

(g) O father and mother of the prophet. Neither by the nails nor the violence of the old men. Either for harvests or fires. The bones both of citizens and young men. By the violence of the Thames. Part of the bones. O teeth of the dogs. For the teeth of the citizens.

Neither for the fathers
Neither from a tower

(2) The prophet's teeth and nails. nor the mothers of the young men. nor a ship. Of old men and dogs and fires. From a tower and a ship and a harvest. Of teeth and nails and bones. By the strength and the nails and the teeth of citizens. By a brother's tooth.

EXERCISE VI.

Fourth and Fifth Declensions.

Translate into English:

(a) Spe. Casu. Fructibus. Equitatui. Manuum. Fide. Senatus. Senatūs.

(6) Risus metu. Risus anuum. Speciei victūs. Magistratuum victus. Sonitus cantus. Sonitus cantuum. fructuum. Casu rerum.

Specie

(c) Casibus equitatūs. Motu rerum. Fidei et spei. Vel equitatus vel senatus. Neque equitatūs neque senatus. Anūs manu et victu. Species motus et metūs. Motibus casibusque

rerum.

(d) Vel magistratuum vel anuum cantu. Et victui et fructui. Risibus magistratuum et cantibus. Motibus manuum. Specie rerum et fidei. Species rerum et fides. Senatus equitatūsque metus. Fructu casuum et rerum.

Translate into Latin :

(e) By chance. Of hands. Of a song. To or for an old woman. Of hope. By an appearance. For things. Of sounds.

(f) O sounds and fruits. By the sound of laughter. O hopes and fears. Of hope and fear and chance. Of the hands of the old woman. By the laughter and songs of the magistrates. By the chances of things. From fear of accident.

(g) From fear of the Senate. O laughter of the old woman. By the accidents of the magistrates. O faith and hope. For hands and fruits and laughter. With an appearance of fear. Of the fear of the magistrates. The food and songs of the cavalry.

(h) The fear both of sounds and accidents. The hopes either of senates or of magistrates. By fruit and faith and motion. Neither of cavalry nor of the senate. Of an appearance of things. O fruits of faith. For senates and things. By the affairs and accidents of the old women.

Note.-Ad is only used to translate 'to' when motion to is meant.

Note.-A (or ab) is only used for by with living persons. Absque is scarcely ever used, and clam, coram, palam, rarely. Subter is only used with Ablative in poetry. Tenus put after its case.