$7. THE SECOND DECLENSION. Nominative. The Nominative ends in -us, -ěr, and -um. Gender. -us and -er generally Masculine, -um Neuter. Abl. Mur-o, by, with, or from a Mur-is, by, with, or from Gen. Magistr-i, a master's, or of a Magistr-Orum, of mas Some Nouns in -er preserve the e before -r through all the cases, instead of dropping it, as, puer, a boy. 1 The Ablative of Nouns denoting a living thing, as, magister, puer, judex, &c., usually requires a Preposition, as a (ab), by, from, cum, with, etc. 2 A Preposition must generally be used with the Latin word. (See preceding footnote.) Like 'puer' are declined,-gener, socer, vesper, Liber, and compounds of gero, I carry, and fero, I bear, as, armiger1. Note on Neuter Nouns. The Nominative, Accusative, and Vocative Cases of all Neuter Nouns are the same in each number, and in the Plural they always end in -ă. Note on the Genitive of the Second Declension. Nouns in -ius, -ium often contract -ii into -i in the Genitive, as, filius, a son, Gen. filii, or fili; ingenium, ability, Gen. ingenii, or ingĕni. Note on the Vocative of the Second Declension. Filius, a son, and names of men ending in -ius, make -i in the Vocative; as, filius, Voc. fili, O son; Virgilius, Virgil, Voc. Virgili, O Virgil. Deus, God, has Voc. Deus (not Dee), O God. $8. THE THIRD DECLENSION. Nominative and Gender. The Nominative ends variously. The Gender is also various. Divisions. Nouns of this Declension have two divisions, namely, (1) Nouns which have -um in the Genitive Plural; (2) Nouns which have -ium in the Genitive Plural. Nouns increasing (i. e. having more Syllables in the Genitive than in the Nominative) make -um in the Gen. Pl.; Nouns not increasing make -ium. (For exceptions see § 47, e.) 1 Son-in-law, father-in-law, evening, Bacchus, armour-bearer. § 9. THE FOURTH DECLENSION. Nominative. The Nominative ends in -ŭs and -u. D.A. Gen-u, to, for, by, with, or Gen-ibus, to, for, by, with, or from a knee. from knees. Note. The Dat. and Abl. Pl. of the Fourth Declension are sometimes written -ŭbus instead of -ibus, as, genŭbus. $10. THE FIFTH DECLENSION. Nominative. The Nominative ends in -es. Gender. Feminine, except dies, a day, which is Common in the Singular, Masculine in the Plural. |