Note 1.-The Accusative Case is used as the Object of Transitive Verbs (see § 32, page 16). It is usually written before the Verb, as, Brutum laudo, I praise Brutus, Cassius Brutum laudat, Cassius praises Brutus.

Note 2.-After Passive Verbs the word by is translated by the Ablative alone, unless the Noun be the name of a living thing, when the Preposition a or ab with Ablative must be used, as, casu liberamur, 'we are set free by an accident,' a Bruto liberamur, 'we are set free by Brutus.'

EXERCISE XIX.

First Conjugation. Active and Passive.

Present and Future Simple Indicative.

Translate into English:

(a) Aro. Portabitur. Laudas. Onerabere. Monstrabo. Ornaris. Servatur. Ornabit.

(b) Portat.

Parabis. Laudabimini. Oneror. Libera

mur. Arabunt. Monstramus. Monstrabitis.

(c) Liberabor. Paratis. Onerabuntur. Amamini. Servabimur. Laudantur. Arant. Ornabimus.

(d) Brutus arabit. Cassius quidem servabitur. Namque laudatur Tullia. Laudaris, Tullia. Brutus Cassiusque saepe arant. Rex non laudabit. Servabimini, Brute et Cassi. Quintus autem ornat.

Translate into Latin :

(e) He is ploughing. I shall be praised. Ye will adorn. Thou art preserved. We are carried. They will be loaded. I shall set free. Ye are shown.

It will be

ploughed. We shall

(ƒ) Thou preparest. praise. They are preserved. I carry. You will be loaded. He will set free. You are being shown.

(g) They are preparing. We shall be loved. Ye will plough. He will be praised. He is adorned. Thou wilt. preserve. We shall be carried. They are loading.

(h) Brutus will be loved. You are preparing, O sailor. We shall praise. Tullia and her daughters will be adorned. But Brutus and Cassius are preserved. The queen is often praised. You are always adorned, O queen. You are

adorned, O queens.

EXERCISE XX.

The same (continued).

Perfect and Future Perfect Indicative.

(6) Aravisti. Amavimus. Puer oneratus erit. Liberatae estis, filiae. Paravero.

Scutum servatum fuit.

(c) Tullia laudata est.

Tullia servata erit. Uxor amata est.

Templum ornatum erit. Agricola
Interea caena parata est.

One

araverit. Liberati sumus. raveris, filia. Oneraveritis, filiae. Auro et argento ornati sunt.

(d) Pedestres copiae fugatae sunt. Viae monstratae erunt. Laudaveris, Tullia. Laudaveritis, Brute et Cassi.

Translate into Latin :

(e) Ye have set free. He will have been set free. It has been shown. She has been adorned. Thou wilt have loaded. They will have been carried. They have praised. I shall have ploughed.

The men have been praised. The women will have been praised. Meanwhile the temple has been shown. You have adorned, O sailor. You have been adorned with gold, O sailors. The silver will have been carried. They have set free. Supper will not have been prepared.

(g) The father of the farmer will have been loaded with gold. The mother of the girls will have been adorned with silver. Thou hast loved, O illustrious son of Quintus. Thou hast been loved, O learned queen of the Gauls. The towns have been attacked. The forces of the enemy will have been put to flight. These troops have often been put to flight. I

have been set free.

EXERCISE XXI.

The same (continued).

Primary Tenses of the Indicative.

Translate into English:

(a) Romam amo. Rex reginam amat. Regina a rege

amatur. Roma a me amabitur. Frater meus perraro caenam parat. Caena a fratre meo non parata erit. Caena a ministris plerumque paratur. Pueri in urbem festinavere. (6) Te, fili mi, amo. A me laudaris, filia mea. Cicero Tulliam servabit. Cicero a Tullia nonnunquam laudatus est. Tullia a Cicerone ornata erit. Inter ovilia vigilabo. Per totam vallem clamavimus. Hae filiae perraro peccaverunt.

(c) Agricolae in hoc agro nunquam laborabunt. Templum a nobis tibi monstratum est. Copiae nostrae raro fugantur. Urbes vestrae a me oppugnabuntur. Ab illustri rege laudabor. Muros talium urbium oppugnabimus. Sed indoctos homines non liberabo. Auro argentoque onerabere, fili.

Translate into Latin :—

(d) We are carried by slaves. He ploughs the fields. The field is ploughed by him. Cotta will be praised by his own slaves. We have attacked famous cities. The enemy will have been put to flight by us. We shall often labour in other lands. His faith is praised by you.

(e) They have been preserved by an accident. They have been preserved by Cornelia. The citizens will have watched at the gates. We are very seldom praised by you. These slaves have shouted rather than laboured. Famous towns have generally been adorned with gold. We shall never attack Rome. We have put you to flight.

Burdens are

(f) Meanwhile the path is shown to us. generally carried by slaves. The attendants will have prepared food for us. The multitude will often sin. No land is ploughed by these old men. Very many leaves adorn our temple. Other temples will be adorned with gold. Those young men have set free the slave.

Note 1.-Sentences like 'Crassus amet' should be translated 'Let Crassus love' or 'May Crassus love' rather than 'Crassus may love.' But when ut, that, or in order that, precedes, the Grammar translation may be followed, as, ut Crassus amet, that Crassus may love.

Note 2.—Translate the Imperfect Subjunctive by should or would. But when ut precedes, might is generally to be used, as, ut Crassus amaret, that Crassus might love.

Note 3.-The Perfect Subjunctive is of somewhat limited use in Simple Sentences. The translation often presents difficulties, and examples of the Tense are therefore omitted from these Exercises.

Note. To translate into Latin a string of Nouns or other words having and prefixed to the last, either use et with each or leave it out altogether. Thus for 'Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus,' write Caesar, Pompeius, Crassus, or Caesar et Pompeius et Crassus.