from which forty-five clergymen had already been sent forth; the establishment of the Incorporated Church Society; and the institution of the Diocesan Synod. In the same period the number of churches had been increased from twenty-one to sixty-eight (completed or in course of erection), and that of the clergy from seventeen to fifty.

The following testimony of Bishop Mountain to the useful exertions of the clergy, gives a striking picture of missionary life in Canada :-"I could mention," he says in one of his early letters, "such occurrences as, that a clergyman upon a circuit of duty, has passed twelve nights in the open air, six in boats upon. the water, and six in the depths of the trackless forest with Indian guides; and a Deacon has performed journeys of 129 miles in the midst of winter upon snow shoes. I could tell how some of these poor ill-paid servants of the Gospel have been worn down in strength before their time at remote and laborious stations. I could give many a history of persevering travels in the ordinary exercise of ministerial duty, in defiance of difficulties and accidents, through woods and roads almost impracticable, and in all the severities of weather; or of rivers traversed amid masses of floating ice, when the experienced canoe-men would not have proceeded without being urged. I have known one minister sleep all night abroad, when there was snow upon the ground. I have known others answer calls to a sick-bed at the distance of fifteen or twenty miles in the wintry woods; and others who have travelled all night to keep a Sunday appointment after a call of this nature on the Saturday. These are things which have been done by the clergy of Lower Canada, and in almost every single instance which has here been given, by missionaries of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel."

Of the services rendered to his diocese by the Society itself

the same devoted Bishop made a grateful acknowledgment in these words, with which the account of Quebec may be not inappropriately concluded:-"I am also led to reflect more and more every day upon the incalculable blessings which by the providence of God, have been procured to the Protestant inhabitants of these colonies by means of the Society's operations ; and if there be persons in England who hold back their hands from the support of the Society, under the idea that it is not an effectual instrument in promoting the cause of the Gospel, I fervently pray God that their minds may be disabused. Those have much to answer for, who from defect of information (since that is the most charitable construction to put upon their proceedings), propagate or adopt such a notion: it is very easy for 'gentlemen of England who live at home at ease,' to pass a sweeping judgment upon poor soldiers of Jesus Christ, who are enduring hardships in the obscurity of Canadian woods; these however, stand or fall to their own Master; but if the means of the Society (which God avert!) should be really impaired by such representations, many sheep will be left without a shepherd, and many souls will have to charge upon unkind brethren in the land of their fathers, their spiritual destitution and advancing debasement."

TORONTO.

The history of Upper Canada is so closely connected with that of the Lower Province (Quebec), that but little remains to be told of it previous to its erection into the separate Diocese of Toronto in the year 1839.

The Society's connexion with it firstc ommenced in 1785, with the appointment of the Rev. John Stuart as missionary at Cataraqui (Kingston), at which time the total population of the

province was under 10,000. The two next missionaries were the Rev. J. Langhorn (1787) and the Rev. R. Addison (1792), both of them men of remarkable character; the latter in addition to his own more immediate mission (Niagara, in which he laboured faithfully for forty years), was diligent in ministering to the Mohawks settled on the Grand River, above 500 of whom were members of the Church of England.

In 1793 Governor Simcoe founded the town of Toronto, which was at first called York: two Indian families were before then in quiet possession, and myriads of wild fowl crowded the waters of the bay. It is now an important capital, containing 30,775 inhabitants, and amongst other public buildings a cathedral, five churches, and two colleges.

The fourth clergyman in this province was the Rev. G. O. Stuart, ordained in 1800, the late Archdeacon of Kingston; the fifth, ordained in 1803, to the mission of Cornwall, was the Rev. John Strachan, the present venerable Bishop of Toronto.

In 1816 a Bible and Prayer-book Society was established at Toronto, for the more especial benefit of the many thousand British in the wilderness, beyond the reach of the regular ministrations of the Church.

In 1820 Bishop Mountain delivered his last charge to the clergy of the province assembled at Toronto: and when he died, in 1825, their numbers had increased to twenty-six.

His successor, Dr. Stewart, as visiting missionary had made himself well acquainted with most of the different mission stations. In his visitations to this part of his immense diocese in the years 1826 and 1827, he confirmed altogether 783 persons and on his return to Toronto in the latter year he admitted three clergymen to the order of priests, and collated the Rev. G. O. Stuart to the Archdeaconry of Kingston, and the Rev. Dr. Strachan to that of York (Toronto).

In 1830 the "Society for Converting and Civilizing the Indians of Upper Canada" was formed, and soon afterwards enlarged so as to comprise the case of the emigrants from Europe also.

In 1833 the Canadian Clergy suffered like those of Nova Scotia from the diminution of the grant hitherto made by government to the Society for their support; and at a fixed date it was announced that it would cease altogether.

Soon after assuming the jurisdiction of his see in 1836, Dr. G. J. Mountain made a most urgent representation to the Governor of Canada of its spiritual necessities, and in 1839 he was relieved of the charge of the Upper Province by the consecration of Dr. Strachan as first Bishop of Toronto on the 7th August in that year. At this time the number of members of the Church of England was estimated at 150,000, under the pastoral care of seventy-three clergymen ; and the number of churches they possessed was about ninety.

In 1842 the Diocesan Church Society was founded (according to the terms of its charter) for the support of missionaries, the education of the poor, the assistance of theological students, the circulation of the Bible and Prayer-book, and the erection and endowment of churches, &c. This Society has already been enabled to do much good throughout the diocese, and in the year 1851 its income amounted to 4,5177.

The Diocesan Theological College at Coburg, was opened in 1842 for the training and education of candidates for holy orders. Ten exhibitions of the annual value of 407. were granted by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, and four by the Diocesan Church Society. This institution is now incorporated in Trinity College.

In 1843 the University of King's College was opened at Toronto, and continued for six years to increase in public esti