UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL INTELLIGENCE. CAMBRIDGE.-Mr. W. D. Niven, F. R.S., has been appointed an Elector to the Plumian Professorship of Astronomy, and Sir W. H. Broadbent an Elector to the Downing Professorship of Medicine. Mr. J. Graham Kerr, of Christ's College, well known for his adventurous journeys as a naturalist in South America, has been elected a Fellow of Christ's College PROF. G. B. HOWES, F.R.S., is to receive the honorary degree of LL.D. from the University of St. Andrews. WHEN a shorthand writer, only familiar with the phonographic signs of the vocabulary of every-day life, endeavours to take notes of a science lecture, he soon finds his deficiencies. To exercise pupils in the art of making shorthand notes during lectures, Mr. Percy E. Kingsford, of Dover College, has inaugurated a course of special science lectures (with experiments and other illustrations) as nearly as possible of the character of those which his students will receive when they pass to the science or technical college, or medical school. The practice thus afforded the students will be very valuable. Science lecturers who have suffered at the hands of newspaper reporters, and have had ideas fathered upon them which they would be the first to repudiate, will join with us in wishing that all phonographers would undergo a similar course of training in reporting scientific lectures. It is very difficult to obtain an accurate verbatim report of the speeches made at any meeting where scientific subjects are discussed. AN open competitive examination for the entry of engineer students in Her Majesty's Navy, and for the entry of students in Naval Construction, will shortly be held. The opportun ities offered by this branch of the naval service are not so widely known as they ought to be. Candidates for the studentships must not be less than fourteen, nor more than seventeen years of age. A competitive examination is held every year in April, the subjects being arithmetic, writing from dictation, composition, grammar, French (or German or Italian), Latin, elementary physics and chemistry, geography (including physical geography), algebra (including quadratic equations), Euclid's Elements (Books I.-IV., VI., and definitions of V.), and freehand drawing. Successful candidates go to the admirable Engineering College-the Royal Naval Engineering College-at Keyham, Devonport, and there receive, under Prof. A. M. Worthington, F.R.S., a thorough course of instruction in the various branches of engineering science, while at the same time they receive practical training in the Dockyard. The best of means is thus afforded the students of acquiring the groundwork of the theoretical and practical knowledge required of a modern naval engineer. During the five years which the students have to serve at Keyham, the parents or guardians are required to pay the sum of 40/. per annum; but for this the students receive an excellent education, as well as board and lodging and medical attendance. At present, a large number of the students come from naval ports, such as Portsmouth and Devonport; but if the studentships were more widely known, doubtless many places which are now but rarely represented would send in candidates for them. THE jubilee of Queen's College, London. will be celebrated during the first week in May. The College was founded in 1848, and incorporated by Royal Charter in 1853. It was the pioneer of the movement for the development of educational facilities for women, and in the list of past and present professors and lecturers the names of a number of distinguished men of science occur. Among the names of Fellows of the Royal Society who have served the College, but have now passed away, we notice D. T. Ansted, Edward Forbes, W. B. Carpenter, and W. A. Miller; while among the present Fellows whose names figure in the list are Prof. H. G. Seeley and Prof. J. M. Thomson. The College curriculum is divided into three parts for students of different ages, and in each of the departments the development of mental powers without undue strain is the object of the instruction, preparation for public examinations being given but secondary consideration. A college which in these days does not shape its curriculum according to the syllabuses of examining bodies deserves encouragement; and Queen's College should, therefore, not lack responses to the appeal which the Council has issued for means to enlarge and generally improve the premises, so as to meet the increased requirements of modern education. Among the additions will be a large lecture-room for science lectures. The estimated cost of the whole work will exceed 7000/., of which sum more than 3000/. have still to be raised. The College has no endowment for such purposes, and it appeals for help to all who recognise the important share it has taken in the development of women's education. The object is a worthy one, and it is to be hoped that the greater portion of the sum required will be raised before the jubilee celebration in May. The Lady Resident in order to send invitations for the forthcoming event. would be glad to receive the names and addresses of old students, A COPY of the general report on public instruction in the North-western Provinces of Oudh, for the year 1896-97, has been received. The institution of a Faculty of Science in the University of Allahabad is referred to, and mention is made of various other efforts to encourage the study of science. What appears to be more needed than anything else is a more liberal supply of apparatus for experimental purposes. It is discreditable that Prof. Murray, who has charge of the physical science classes in one of the Government colleges, should have to report: "We have about nine metre scales in the laboratory; no two are exactly alike, and which (if any) is correct it is impossible to say. Similarly the variations in our various measures of resistance one with another are in some cases as much as 30 per cent. of the whole." But notwithstanding this unsatisfactory state of things, the report shows that means are being taken to strengthen the colleges on the science sides, both by providing additional apparatus and by increasing the accommodation. The subjoined extract from the report shows that the development is taking place on the right lines:-"Steps have been and are being taken to make school education less bookish, and more practical. An that geography should be taught mainly by means of map drawEnglish writer, after thirty years of teaching, has recently urged ing; that text-books should be used chiefly as books of reference; that lessons in arithmetic and geometry should include practical work in measurement; that in teaching modern languages the written or spoken language should be made the basis, and instruction in grammar founded upon it; that mastery of English does not come by grammar and analysis, but by observation and practice; and that true science consists in a scientific habit of mind, and not in a knowledge of scientific facts. These views appear to me to be fully applicable to India, and as a matter of fact similar aims have been kept in mind latterly in these provinces, particularly as regards geography, arithmetic, geometry and The idea of using text books in most subjects as books of reference is, however, so contrary to the notions of masters and boys that it will be long before the new revelation is generally received.' science. SCIENTIFIC SERIALS. American Journal of Science, February.-The 27-day auroral period and the moon, by H. H. Clayton. Auroras were observed in 1895 on January 19, February 15, March 14, and April 10, with no intermediate cases. The probability of an accidental distribution in this manner is only 1 in 19,683. This period is probably due to the varying position of the moon north and south of the equator. When the moon's period is counted from its greatest northern position, there is a maximum on the 14th day, which coincides with the moon's greatest southern declination. There are minima on the 6th and 20th days, and a secondary maximum on the first day. The moon is an elec trified body, charged negatively like the earth, and the potential gradient at the earth's surface depends upon the moon's position in the heavens. -Some products found in the hearth of an old furnace upon the dismantling of the Trethellan tinworks, Truro, Cornwall, by W. P. Headden. The ores smelted in this furnace for about 100 years were the usual Cornish tin-ores carrying some arsenopyrite, which is cobaltiferous, and accounts for the cobalt in the samples. The chief products described are stannous sul phide, SnS, with some iron, a new iron arsenide, FeAs, an arsenide of tin, Sn,As, and stannic oxide, or an artificial ** wood tin. The latter was an irregular mass weighing about one and a half pounds. There was a central portion of metallic tin running lengthwise through the mass. It was probably formed by slow oxidation of block of tin, but whether that was due to simple air and moisture or to other hot gases cannot now be determined. --Kant as a natural philosopher, by G. F. Becker. Kant's fame as a metaphysician has completely overshadowed his reputation as a physicist; but all his earlier papers were on physical subjects, such as the theory of winds, the earth's rotation period, the rings of Saturn, and, best-known, the nebular hypothesis of the universe. His great object in life was to discourage visionary speculation and to reduce all subjects to the confines of reason. Where Newton had in some cases to postulate the direct intervention of the Creator, Kant based his explanation upon known physical laws. If he had known the laws of thermodynamics, his nebular hypothesis, which only fell short in that respect, would have completely anticipated Laplace. The islands and coral reefs of the Fiji group, by A. Agassiz. This is an extract from a letter dated Suva, Fiji Islands, December 15, 1897, describing a cruise in the Austra lasian twin-screw steamer Yaralla. The writer says: The great variety of causes which have been active in shaping the present physiognomy of the reefs and atolls of Fiji shows the impossibility of assigning any one factor, like subsidence for instance, as is done by Dana and Darwin, as the single cause for the formation of the many different kinds of atolls and barrier reefs to be found in the Fiji group. The formation of the great barrier reef of the southern shores of Viti Levu is due to causes very similar to those which have given to the northern coast of Cuba between Nuevitas and Matanzas its present physiognomy. Symons's Monthly Meteorological Magazine, February.Meteorological observations at Camden Square, London, N. W. There are few records day and night for forty years without a break, and no station with suitable exposure in London which has been at work so long. We are glad to see that Mr. Symons intends to give a series of tables showing the results of his observations for each month, and the present number, being the first of a new volume, contains those for January 1858-97.-Warmth, dryness, and high barometer in January 1898. A number of notes are quoted upon the above subjects; the table above referred to shows that, for London, the features of 1898 are barometer almost unprecedently high; mean dry bulb temperature, o'05° above 1884, and therefore the highest on record; minimum in air and on grass, o'6° and o'5°, respectively, above the highest previous records, which were in 1875 and 1884; rain, only about a third of the average, but more than twice that of 1880.-In the Conway Valley geraniums were found in blossom out of doors. SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. Royal Society, February 3.- 66 Comparison of Oxygen with the extra Lines in the Spectra of the Helium Stars, 8 Crucis, &c.; also Summary of the Spectra of Southern Stars to the 3 Magnitude and their Distribution." By Frank McClean, F.R.S. In a previous paper read before the Society on April 8, 1897, it was suggested that the special lines present in spectra of the first division of helium stars (Type I., Division Ia) might possibly be due to oxygen. The indications in the spectra of the northern stars that these extra lines are due to oxygen are slight, as the lines at best are indistinct. Among the southern stars, however, there are several in the spectra of which these lines are better defined, and there is one, viz. 8 Crucis, in which they are very fairly defined. Upon the plate which accompanies the paper a series of photographs of stellar spectra are reproduced. The lines are drawn out by themselves below the spectrum of 8 Crucis. They are then compared directly by juxtaposition with a drawing of the spectrum of oxygen. The close similarity of the whole grouping of the two spectra as they appear on the plate admits of little doubt that the extra lines actually constitute the spectrum of oxygen. The spectrum of 7 Argus is given on the plate in order to identify it as a helium star. It contains two crucial lines of helium. The Wolf-Rayet stars, of which it is the principal example, are thus classified as helium stars. A summary of the spectra of 116 stars to the 31 magnitude in the Southern Hemisphere is given. They were photographed between May and October last with an object-glass prism, mounted in front of the Cape astrographic telescope. The photographic spectra are classified on the same system as in the previous paper. The table of distribution for the whole sphere by areas and classes is given. There are in all 89 helium stars (Division I.), distributed 71 in the galactic zones and 18 in the galactic polar areas, the areas being equal. The 81 stars in Division II., the Sirian stars, and Division III., the Procyon stars (which along with Division I. constitute Secchi's Type I.) are rather irregularly distributed throughout the sphere. To the extent of the observations there is no condensation of stars of Divisions II. and III. in the galactic zones as there is in the case of stars of Division I. The 106 stars in Divisions IV. and V. (II. and III. of Secchi's types) are fairly evenly distributed throughout the sphere. The general distribution of the types of spectra throughout the sphere to the extent of the observations bears out generally the conclusion that stars with spectra of the more advanced types, in order of development, are evenly distributed in space. Also that stars with spectra more recent in order of development are mostly congregated in the galactic zones. The helium stars of Division I. are predominant in the Southern Hemisphere, being congregated in the lower or southerly halves of the galactic zones. They include 48 stars out of a total of 94 stars in those areas. They are also more closely congregated in the vicinity of the galaxy than is the case in the northerly halves of the galactic zones. In the contiguous constellations of Musca, Crux, Centaurus, Lupus, and Scorpio there are 27 helium stars out of a total of 36 stars included in the tables. February 17.-"Upon the Structure and Development of the Enamel of Elasmobranch Fishes." By Charles S. Tomes, M.A., F.R.S. The nature of the hard polished outer layer of the teeth of this group of fishes has been from time to time a subject of discussion, some authors holding that it is enamel, whilst others deny its claim to be so styled. The general conclusion arrived at by the author is that, just as the whole teeth of the Elasmobranchs present the simplest known form of tooth development, so do they also present the first introduction of enamel as a separate tissue. In its first introduction it was a joint product, made under circumstances which almost precluded any slow and gradual formation of an outer layer upon the teeth; but in the further specialisation of teeth in reptiles and mammals the tooth germs sink more deeply into the submucous tissue, and are protected for a much longer time. The enamel organs become more specialised, and finally take upon themselves the entire work of enamel building, manufacturing both the organic matrix and furnishing it with lime salts, as unquestionably happens in mammals. And if these conclusions be correct, it would be quite justifiable to call it enamel, even though the dentine papilla has had a share in its production. Geological Society, February 2.-Dr. Henry Hicks, F.R.S., President, in the chair.-The President announced that Dr. Charles Barrois, Secretary of the Organising Committee of the VIIIth International Geological Congress, which will be held in Paris in 1900, would shortly come to London to invite the Geological Society to the Congress, and to consult the Fellows with regard to the proposed excursions and the subjects of discussion." Contributions to the Glacial Geology of Spitsbergen," by E. J. Garwood and Dr. J. W. Gregory. The extent of glaciation of Spitsbergen has been exaggerated, for there is no immense ice-plateau, but normal glaciers with some inland sheets and Piedmont glaciers. These differ from Alpine glaciers, as they are not always formed from snow-fields at the head, and though some of the glaciers (as the Baldhead Glacier) have tapering snouts in front, most have vertical cliffs. berlin's explanation that the latter are due to the low angle of the sun is insufficient, and they seem to be caused by the advance of the ice by a rapid forward movement of its upper layers. The ice of these upper layers falls off and forms talus in front, over which the glacier advances, carrying detritus uphill with it, and producing a series of thrusts. The Booming Glacier illustrates cases of erratics carried in different directions by the same mass of ice. The deposits of the Spitsbergen glaciers are of four types: (1) moraines of Swiss type; (2) those formed mainly of intraglacial material; (3) those formed of re-deposited beach-material; (4) deposits of glacial rivers, and re-assorted drifts. The materials of the second are subangular and rounded; scratched and polished pebbles and Cham 406 is equal to a = x2 and b = ny2, 21-1 (− 1) √n = f(p), a rational integral function of p; hence, finally, #1-1 · 1) = 'ny2p2} = N‚„{x -- Jpf\p)} × N„{x + ypf(p)¦• The formulæ also express as the difference of two squares the uneven integer, and is a perfect square; in this case the final result is 21 N„(x* + 4n^y*p1) = N„{.x2 - 2nуpf(p) + boulders are abundant, and the fine-grained matrix, which is which, when Elliott, I. Their salient property (discovered by Mr. Aurifeuille, of Toulouse) is that they are algebraically resolvible into two factors (say L, M). Also L, M are expressible in the same 2 forms as their productfunction. The quotient of one Aurifeuillian by another of the same order has the same properties. The properties of the two Aurifeuillians of orders 2 and 3, viz. : × N„, { x2 + 2nypf(p) + (x and y being themselves complex integers of order ") as the product of two complex. nie integers.-The President (Lieut.. Colonel Cunningham, pro tem. in the chair) communicated a paper by Mr. J. E. Campbell on the transformations which leave the lengths of arcs on any surface unaltered. The object of the paper was to obtain the infinitesimal transformations which have the property of leaving unaltered the lengths of arcs on any given surface in space of n + 1 dimensions-that is, the transformations which leave dx,2 + . . . + dx„2 + dz2 invariant where = x, . . . Xn). It is remarkable that this problem can be solved completely when n > 2, though not when # = 2. At the conclusion of the paper it is proved that if H is the Hessian of fa, . . . x), then is an invariant for such substitutions; this is a generalisation of the well-known theorem that the measure of curvature (on a surface in ordinary space) is unaltered by transformations which leave the lengths of arcs invariant.—Mr. Hargreaves made a short impromptu communication. Zoological Society, February 15.-Dr. Albert Günther, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the chair.-A letter was read from Mr. Dudley Le Souef, of Melbourne, containing a summary of some observations on the transfer by the mother of an embryo kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) by her mouth into her pouch. -A report was read, drawn up by Mr. A. Thomson, the Society's head-keeper, on the insects exhibited in the insect, house during the year 1897, and a series of the specimens was exhibited. The Secretary exhibited a series of specimens of butterflies, which had formed part of a collection lately on view at the Dunthorne Gallery, in illustration of the mode of mounting employed in "Denton's Patent Butterfly Tablets."-Mr. W. P. Pycraft read the first of a series of contributions to the The present part (of which the following is osteology of birds. an abstract) related to the Steganopodes. The fact that in the tropic-birds, cormorants, gannets, and frigate-birds, all the toes are united by a common web, has led to the belief that these forms are closely related; they form the sub-order Steganopodes or Totipatmate of authors. A comparison of the osteology of the group confirms this opinion.- Dr. W. G. Ridewood read a paper on the skeleton of regenerated limbs of the midwife-toad But the alge-lytes obstetricans). He demonstrated the possibility of the development, in the regenerated hind limb of the larva, of tarsal, metatarsal, and phalangeal cartilages identical in every respect with those of the normal limb.-Mr. G. A. Boulenger, (x* + 22y1) and (x6 + 33μo) ÷ (x2 + 3μ‚2), were stated at some length. The application to Fermat's numbers (24+2 + 1) and (36+3 + 1) was given, and a table of the factorisation thereof into prime factors was given, extending (with gaps) to (2210 + 1), 3105 + 1). In opening the discussion on the paper, Mr. Bickmore pointed out that Aurifeuille's formula, which were enunciated without complete proof by Lucas, might be completely proved by the theory of complex integers. Thus the formulæ express the algebraical prime-factor F.R S., described a new species of sea-snake from Borneo, which he proposed to name Hydrophis floweri, after Mr. Stanley Flower, its discoverer. Mr. Boulenger also gave an account of the reptiles and batrachians lately collected by Mr. W. F. H. Rosenberg in Western Ecuador. Seventy-seven species were enumerated, of which twenty-three, viz. eleven reptiles and twelve batrachians, were described as new. CAMBRIDGE. PARIS. Academy of Sciences, February 14.-M. Wolf in the chair. On certain singular examples of successive approximations, by M. Émile Picard. - On the masses of the planets, by M. E. Roger.-Remarks on a note by M. Anceaux. Of the three laws given in this note, the first only is rigorously exact, the second is an approximation, and the third a consequence of the two others.-Résumé of the solar observations made at the Royal Observatory of the Roman College during the second half of 1897, by M. P. Tacchini. Observations are given for the distribution of sunspots, protuberances, and facul-On the extension of the decimal system to the division of the day and the circle; advantages and practical methods, by M. J. de Rey Pailhade. On the singular Abelian functions, by M. G. Humbert. On some general algorithms, and on iteration, by M. Lémeray. On the surfaces which admit an infinite, discontinuous group of birational transformations, by M. P Painlévé. The Philosophical Society, January 24.-Mr. F. Darwin, President, in the chair.-A new method in combinatory analysis with applications to Latin squares and associated questions, Major P. A. Macmahon, R. A., F. R.S. The author applies the theory of symmetric functions to obtain solutions, hitherto unachieved, of problems in combinatory analysis associated with the question of Latin squares.—On Abelian functions in connection with two-dimensional fluid motion, H. F. Baker. On the production of a cloud by the action of ultra--Deformation of metals, by M. Mesnager. Direct measureviolet light on moist air, C. T. R. Wilson. If the light from an arc lamp be brought to a focus, by means of a quartz lens, within a vessel containing moist dust-free air, a bluish fog becomes visible in the course of a few minutes along the path of the light. The cloud particles remain in suspension for hours after the light has been cut off. The phenomenon is shown even in unsaturated air, but the faint blue haze which then develops takes much longer to form. When the radiation is not sufficiently intense to show these effects, a dense fog can still be obtained by bringing about slight supersaturation by expansion. These clouds, unlike those obtained by Tyndall (Phil. Trans., 160, p. 333, 1870) and by Aitken (Edin. Trans., 39, I. p. 15, 1897) by the action of light on various vapours, are due to the ultra-violet rays alone; for if a thin sheet of glass or mica (substances which are opaque to these rays) be interposed, not a trace of fog or rain is formed even when a high degree of supersaturation is brought about by expansion. It is possible that the small particles to which the blue of the sky is due are the result of this action of the ultra-violet rays, of which sunlight, when it first enters our atmosphere, doubtless contains a plentiful supply.-On the use of logarithmic coordinates in physics, J. H. Vincent. The paper divides all curves into "translatants" and "non-translatants." As examples of the former, Mr. Boys' chart of wave and ripple velocities is referred to, and an impedance chart is constructed. Non-translatants are not in general suited to this method of plotting. By suitable devices the logarithmic homologue of the equation for the propagation of waves on a frozen sea is drawn, although this is a non-translatant. The paper concludes with suggested uses of tri-dimensional logarithmic coordinates and semi-logarithmic coordinates. -On the diffuse reflection of Röntgen rays, Prof. J. J. Thomson. The paper contains the theory of the electromagnetic effects produced by suddenly setting an electrified body in motion. It is shown that a thin pulse of intense electromagnetic disturbance is generated which travels outwards with the velocity of light. The magnitude of the magnetic force at a point P due to the pulse is when the velocity w of the particle is small compared with the velocity of light equal to we sin 0/2ar, where 2a is the diameter of the particle O, e the change on the particle, r the distance PO, and the angle between OP and the direction of motion of the particle. Using the theory of the Röntgen rays given by the author in the Phil. Mag., February 1898, the result just quoted is applied to find the intensity of the radiation scattered when Röntgen rays are incident on a collection of positively and negatively electrified bodies. The intensity of the scattered rays in a direction making an angle with the incident ray varies as (1 + cos 0). So that the intensity of the scattered light when = o would be twice that when π/2. Photographs taken by the scattered rays in these two positions showed that there was little, if any, difference of intensity in these directions. This result indicates that the scattered Röntgen radiation is probably more nearly allied to fluorescence than to the scattering of light by small particles. Experiments were made on the absorption of the light diffusely "returned" (to use Sir George Stokes' phrase) from lead and platinum by thin sheets of platinum and red lead; these showed that there was no strong selective absorption by thin platinum of rays scattered from platinum, or by lead of rays scattered from lead. A mathematical investigation is given to show that in the case of rapidly damped radiations selective absorption would not be exhibited. = ment of the period of the Hertzian oscillations, by M. L. As a result of the examination of numerous tumours it was found that the abnormal formations foreign to the tissues could be grouped under five morphological types: microbial forms, granulations, cellular forms of very variable origin, encysted forms and sarcodic forms. All these forms exist in epithelioma, carcinoma and sarcoma, but the last-named contains especially the microbial forms and the granulations.-Remarks on the Bloch-appendices in the siluroids of genus Aspredo, by M. Léon Vaillant. On the place of the sponges in classification, by M. Yves Delage.-Influence of the X-rays on germination, by MM. Maldiney and Thouvenin. From experiments upon Convolvulus arvensis, Lepidium sativum, and Panicum miliaceum, it would appear that the X-rays hasten germination.-The melanosis of the mandarin orange, by M. Trabut.-Detection and rapid estimation of manganese in plants and vegetable earths by a colorimetric method, by M. P. Pichard. The method is based upon the ignition of the ash with an alkaline carbonate, and subsequent formation of permanganate by the use of lead peroxide and nitric acid.-On the conglomerate of the Amône in the Swiss Ferret valley, by MM. L. Duparc and F. Pearce. -On the formation of anhydrite by the calcination of gypsum at high temperatures, by M. A. Lacroix.-On the origin of the overlapping layers in the region of Ubaye, by MM. W. Kilian and E. Haug.-On some phenomena of fluvial erosion and corrosion, by M. Jean Brunhes. DIARY OF SOCIETIES. THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 24. ROYAL SOCIETY, at 4.30.-Meeting for Discussion.-Subject: The Scientific Advantages of an Antarctic Expedition. The Discussion will be opened by Dr. John Murray, F.R.S. INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, at 8.-On the Manufacture of Lamps and other Apparatus for 200 volts Circuits: G. Binswanger, Byng. FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 25. ROYAL INSTITUTION, at 9-The Theory of Colour Vision applied to Modern Colour Photography: Captain W. de W. Abney, C.B., F.R.S. INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, at 8.-The Problem of Train Resistance: C. E. Wolff. SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 26. ROYAL INSTITUTION, at 3.-The Structure of Instrumental Music: W. H. Hadow. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (Eton College), at 4.-The Rev. T. C. Porter will describe (1) a New Theory of Geysers; (2) a New Method of Viewing Newton's Rings; (3) Experiments bearing on the Sensation of Light; (4) a Method of Viewing Lantern Projections in Stereoscopic Relief; (5) Winter Observations on the Shadow of El Teide, with a New Method for Measuring approximately the Diameter of the Earth; (6) Temperature of the Water of Niagara. MONDAY, FEBRUARY 28. -SOCIETY OF ARTS, at 8.-The Principles of Design in Form: Hugh Stannus. .ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, at 8.30.-The Annual Range of Temperature in the Surface Waters of the Ocean, and its Bearing on Oceanographical Problems: Dr. John Murray, F.R.S. ISTITUTE OF ACTUARIES, at 5.30.-The Relation of the Actuarial Profession to the State: J. Nicoll. TUESDAY, MARCH 1. ROYAL INSTITUTION, at 3.-The Simplest Living Things: Prof. E. Ray Lankester, F.R.S. ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY, at 8.30.-On the Perforate Corals collected by the Author in the South Pacific: J. Stanley Gardiner.-The Myology of the Terrestrial Carnivora, Part 2: Prof. B. C. A. Windle and F. G. Parsons. On the Brain and some other Points in the Anatomy of Bassaris: F. E. Beddard, F.R.S. INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, at 8-Papers to be further discussed: The Theory Design, and Practical Working of Alternate-Current Motors Llewelyn B. Atkinson.-Dublin Electric Tramway H. F. Parshall. RÖNTGEN SOCIETY, at 8.-Photographic Activity and Penetration of Röntgen Rays at Different Vacua: J. H Gardiner.-Other Papers by Wilson Noble and Hall Edwards.-Mr. Isenthal will show some New Apparatus. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 2. SOCIETY OF ARTS, at 8.-Kites: their Theory and Practice: Captain B. F. S. Baden-Powell. THURSDAY, MARCH 3. ROYAL SOCIETY, at 4.30.-Probable Papers: The Relationship of Variations of the Ground Water Level to the Incidence of Malarial Fevers in Chotta Nagpur, Bengal: Dr. L. Rogers.--On the Depletion the Endosperm of Hordeum vulgare during Germination: H. T. Brown F.R.S., and F. Escombe.-Experimental Observations on the Early Degenerative Changes in the Sensory End Organs of Muscles: Dr. F. E. Batten. BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, and SERIALS RECEIVED. Books.-Andrée and his Balloon: H. Lachambre and A. Machuroa (Constable).-Year-Book of the Royal Society, No. 2, 1897-98 (Harrison), -Meteorology in Mysore, 1896: J. Cook (Bangalore).-Magnets and Electric Currents: Prof. J. A. Fleming (Spon).-Twenty-fourth Annual Report of the Local Government Board, 1894-95. Supplement: Inland Sanitary Survey, 1893-95 (Eyre).-Report of the Meteorological Service of the Dominion of Canada, 1890 and 1895: R. T. Stupart (Ottawa).-Storm and Sunshine in the Dales: P. H. Lockwood (E. Stock).-Pike and Perch: A. Jardine (Lawrence).-The Kingdom of the Yellow Robe: E. Young (Constable).-Lessons with Plants: L. H. Bailey (Macmillan).-Through China with a Camera: J. Thomson (Constable).—Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, Vol. xxviii. (Hodgson).-Leçons sur l'Intégration des Equations: E. Goursat, 2 Vols. (Paris, Hermann).-Euvres Scientifiques de L. Lorenz, Tome 1, Deux Fasc. (Copenhague, Lehmann). -A Treatise on Universal Algebra, with Applications: A. N. Whitehead, Vol. 1 (Cambridge University Press).-Peneroplis: F. Dreyer (Leipzig, Engelmann). PAMPHLETS.-The Twelfth and Concluding Memoir on the Theory o Screws Sir R. Ball (Dublin) -Die Geometrisch-Optischen Tänschungen: W. Wundt, No. 2 (Leipzig, Teubner) -A Suggested Improvement of the Current Theories of the Tides: J. H. S. Moxly (Rivingtons).—Vaccination a Delusion: Dr. A. R. Wallace (Sonnenschein). new series, SERIALS.-National Geographic Magazine, January (Washington).— Monthly Weather Review, November (Washington).-Zoologist, February (West). Proceedings o, the Bristol Naturalists' Society, Vol. viii Part 2 (Bristol)-Studies from the Yale Psychological Laboratory, Vol. 4, 1896 (New Haven).-Journal of the Franklin Institute, February (Philadelphia).-Astrophysical Journal, January (ChicagolJournal of the Chemical Society, February (Gurney).-American Anthropologist, November and December (Washington).-Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 1896 (Indianapolis). of ROYAL INSTITUTION, at 3.-Recent Researches in Magnetism and Diamagnetism: Prof. J. A. Fleming, F. R.S. LINNEAN SOCIETY, at 8.-On the Sense Organs of the Lateral Line in certain Fishes: F. J. Cole.-On the Occurrence of Carex helvola in Britain G. C. Druce.-On Arctic Spiders from Franz Josef Land: Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge. CHEMICAL SOCIETY, at 8. FRIDAY, MARCH 4. ROVAL INSTITUTION, at 9.-Some Recent Results of Physico-Chemical Inquiry: Prof. T. E. Thorpe, F.R.S. |