III. Conclusion

1. Why I admire this man

2. My prophecy regarding him

9. Imagine the following to be the names of characters. Tell

a little story about them at work, assuming the name to indicate attitude:

10. In every newspaper every day there are news items that tell, indirectly perhaps, of joy and success that have been caused by faithful work and character. There are others that tell of trouble and misery caused by unemployment and loose character. Find one of each kind in today's paper; study it, and draw conclusions from the story it suggests.

Ore bins at the right, three blast furnaces down the middle. Steel plant at the left. Molten iron is taken directly from the blast furnaces to the steel mill. This saves reheating and means efficiency.

Reproduced by permission of the Philadelphia Commercial Museum.

CHAPTER II

SPEECH ABOUT WORK

Speech and Work. The work of the world is made possible very largely through the agency of speech. It may be speech in the form of explanation or direction, of story or description or argument; or it may be the speech of question and answer regarding the how and the why of a piece of work. It may, on the other hand, be the speech of emotional appeal, the speech that causes action by the sheer force and form of its delivery. Directions are as frequently given by spoken as by written words, are quite as often for the ear as for the eye. Employers talk to their employees; foremen talk to their hands; parents and children converse almost constantly; speaking is, in short, not only a necessary but a natural function of life. Its intimacy with work is too self-evident to need enlarging upon further. It may be wise to remember, however, that valuable as speech is to work and for work, it is not only unnecessary but also often actually harmful when one engages in it at work. Many firms go so far as to forbid employees to converse with one another while they are working.

The printing press, with its marvelous output and facility, is often blamed for robbing us of certain power in our speech. Its appeal, being made to the eye through print, is so strong and so irresistible that it is rapidly making readers of us rather than hearers and speakers. While it has doubtless taken much from the pulpit and from the

forum, from oratory, that is, it is nevertheless powerless to take from us those delightful and useful, if more obvious, forms of speech that are necessary to work and to individuals in the close relationships that work induces. Printing can never take the place of the warm, living, breathing word of love or courage or emotional appeal. The voice is necessary if we would endue thought with feeling. The printing press can speak to us only in the cold tones of type. What Speech Is.

Speech is audible, vocalized thought. As a man thinks, so he speaks; and as a man speaks, so he should think. This does not mean that all thinking should be voiced. On the contrary, there should be much more thought than speech. One has only disrespect for a person who "says all he thinks," for such a person very often speaks foolishly, and usually says a great deal without thinking at all. Thought must precede speech, and must serve as the storehouse for speech to draw upon. For speech to exhaust the supply or to draw upon it to such an extent as to keep it merely equal to demand, is extravagance. Thought, like financial capital, is reserve power; speech, like a medium of circulation, should be wisely spent.

In primitive times, when man was guided entirely by instinct rather than by thought, speech consisted of but a few inarticulate sounds. A call, a grunt, a growl, a laugh, indicated wants and desires, moods and fancies. Man then made himself understood very much as animals do, by sign and action and mere noise or sound. This sufficed for the narrow limitations in which he moved. A few simple, general indications of feelings were all that he required. But as he became civilized, as his movements