of 'N. & Q.' It would please many, I dare say, March 25 and March 26 of that year, two different Earls Heaton, Dewsbury. "THE NEW TIMON' (8th S. iii. 328).—In answer to TANG JE PUVs, I send the lines : Not mine, not mine (O Muse forbid !) the boon Of borrowed notes, the mock-bird's modish tune, The jingling medley of purloin'd conceits, prepared by his Majesty's Chief Engraver of Seals,...... "A new Great Seal of Great Britain having been and the same having been this day presented to his Majesty in Council, and approved, his Majesty was thereupon graciously pleased to deliver the said new Seal to the Right Honourable Edward Lord Thurlow, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, and to direct that the same shall be made use of for sealing all things whatsoever which pass the Great Seal." 66 I cannot find any mention of the recovery of this old seal, but there is an anecdote" respecting the "Great Seal of England," which was thrown into the Thames by James II., being brought up in the net of "a fisherman between Lambeth and Vauxhall."-P. 298. J. F. MANSErgh. Liverpool. There is no record of any subsequent recovery of the Great Seal, which was stolen from Lord Thurlow's house in Great Ormond Street on March 24, 1784. An Order in Council was immediately made for the engraving of a new seal, Out babying Wordsworth, and out glittering Keates [sic] of slightly altered design, and so expeditiously was Where all the airs of patchwork-pastoral chime To drowsy ears in Tennysonian rhyme ! If to old laws my Spartan tastes adhere, Where sense with sound, and ease with weight combine, Or where the pulse of man beats loud and strong In the frank flow of Dryden's lusty song? The New Timon, a Romance of London,' Henry That Tennyson bitterly resented this satire can be seen from the lines he sent to Punch in February, 1846, entitled 'The New Timon, and the Poets,' in which he ridiculed Lytton as a padded fop. The lines are signed Alcibiades. Tennyson had the good sense to cut out the "darling room from later editions of his poems, and not to reprint his reply to Lytton. WALTER HAMILTON. 16, Elms Road, Clapham Common, S. W. this done that the king was able to deliver it to Fort Augustus, N.B. The Hon. Mrs. Jadis, writing to her father, Lord Delaval, March 27, 1784, says :— "The town for these few days past has been very much taken up with the Robbery committed at the Chancellor's the other night. I make no doubt but you have seen the whole account in the papers. It needed not to have stopped the issuing of the writs a day for any seal the King chose to give I imagine would be the same thing, but the thieves left the Brass impression with the Chancellor." W. B. THOMAS. Heaton-on-Tyne. or by less political burglars. Imagine what Lord Hastings. SCOTTISH COUNTIES (8th S. iii. 229, 331).— The of Scotland in a map (No. 13) of that country in ASTARTE will find the names of the old divisions London Chronicle for 1784 has, under the dates | 1285, which is contained in Gardiner's 'School Atlas of English History.' This atlas was pub-"poet's friend" leaves no room for doubt as to lished last year as а "Companion to the whom Tennyson refers to as the Pilot." Though 'Student's History of England.' published recently in the Athonum, his explanation deserves the further notice it will receive in 'N. & Q.': Liverpool. J. F. MANSERGH. "TROUTS" (8th S. iii. 366).-Moule's 'Heraldry of Fish' has an interesting chapter on trout as a bearing; but the author never speaks of this charge with the s added (no matter what number may appear upon the shield), and he is always regarded as most scrupulously exact and laboriously painstaking, I believe. J. BAGNALL. Water Orton. This plural form of trout is of much earlier date than the Diary' of Sir Walter Scott. It occurs, e. g., in Beaumont and Fletcher's 'The Scornful Lady,' Act III. : SHAKSPEARE AND MOLIÈRE (8th S. ii. 42, 190, 294, 332, 389, 469; iii. 9, 70, 169, 318).-Your correspondent at the last reference will have some difficulty in proving that 'The Booke of Troilus and Cressida,' Feb. 7, 1602, was written by Shakespeare. The preface prefixed to 'The Famous Historie has been sufficient to satisfy spearean scholars that it was not: "The natural inference appears to be, that in 1608 Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida' was a new play that got into print-it is hopeless to guess by what channel, illicit or otherwise-before it was acted, and that the title-page was altered in the course of the year, after it had come out upon the stage."-W. W. Lloyd's 'Critical Essay on Troilus and Cressida.' "Like many other Tennysonians, C. is in error in supposing that Tennyson, in the lines, I hope to see my Pilot face to face referred to Arthur Henry Hallam, or to his son Lionel, We have to thank P. X. for pointing out a beautiful prose parallel of Lord Tennyson's exquisite little poem. The ideas were analogous, though possibly the Laureate never read Clark Russell's marine novel. Viewed in the light of sublunary navigation, the idea of taking a pilot on board when the bar was crossed is incongruous. But Tennyson spoke of the voyage spiritual; the bar symbolizes death, and the sea, the great, unknown, chartless and trackless ocean of eternity. The imperative need of the Pilot suggests itself instantly, and is expressed in both poem and prose. W. A. HENDERSON. Dublin. "CURSE OF SCOTLAND" (8th S. iii. 367, 398).— Looking through the back volumes of N. & Q.,' I see that there is no probable or possible explanation of this well-known crux that has not been at one time or another brought forward. As one Shake-editorial note, however, seems to treat the whole Culloden story as mythical, I will venture to add that I believe there is no doubt that Cumberland did write the order for the massacre of the wounded insurgents on a nine of diamonds which he picked up from the floor; and I am told on good authority that the identical card is preserved at Slains Castle, Aberdeenshire, the seat of Lord Errol. It was here, it will be remembered, that Johnson passed a night in August, 1773, and in spite of his "most elegant room," was kept awake by the blaze of the fire, the roar of the sea, and the smell of his pillows "made of the feathers of some sea-fowl." Lady Errol showed the old philosopher the "curiosities" of the place; but he does not tell us if this card was among them. The phrase, however, was certainly in use before 1715. Lord-Justice-Clerk Ormiston was nicknamed the "Curse of Scotland" in 1715. "The substance of the book issued in these two forms being the same, the natural inference is that when first published, the play, as the preface said, had not been acted; but that after it had first been produced at the Globe in that year 1609, the fact was recognized by inserting a new title-page and omitting the printer's preface that would be no longer true."-Henry Morley's Introduction to Troilus and Cressida,' Cassell's Library. Internal evidence also favours the later date. W. A. HENDERSON. Dublin, TENNYSON'S CROSSING THE BAR' (8th S. ii. 446; iii. 137, 178, 315, 357).—P. X. possibly has not read Mr. Theodore Watts's reply to C. The Fort Augustus, N.B. OSWALD, O.S.B. 66 66 66 "STOAT," ITS DERIVATION (8th S. ii. 349, 514).In Lincolnshire the stoat is known as a in Holderness, a clubtail clubstart." I recently heard a man say he had seen a clubstart bolt into a holestock," that is, into the tiled tunnel beneath a gatestead. Stoat is from the Anglo-Saxon steort, a tail. We have the word also in redstart, a bird which is one of our common summer visitors. simply, and very properly, "red tail." This is Eaton Hall, Retford. JOHN CORDEAUX. WEDDING AND MARRIAGE (8th S. iii. 304).take it that we have here a merely bilingual reduplication; mas maris, "the male," shows that the woman takes her man; wedding, from wad, 66 a pledge," defines the contract that binds the parties together. All ceremonial usages are superimposed on the natural action of coupling by agreement. A. H. TITUS OATES (8th S. iii. 156, 254, 353).—I saw my erroneous ways soon after I wrote, but would not correct the mistakes, being anxious not to flee from the deserved rebuke. But though an unusual, it is not quite an indefensible expression, that 1619 is later than 1649, when used of a birth, if the event is looked at from the standpoint of 1893. An undoubted entry exists, dated Jan. 4, 1674/5, signed by Titus as curate of All Saints', Hastings. Hastings. EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. 'THE CONFEDERATION OF KILKENNY' (8th S. iii. 347).-Written by the Rev. C. P. Meehan, and published in "Duffy's Library" at 1s., 24mo., and Simpkin, London, 1846. J. F. M. COL. CHARTERS (8th S. ii. 428; iii. 34, 117, 192). In the account of Charters given in Knapp and Baldwin's New Newgate Calendar' (London, n.d.) it is stated that his wife was "the daughter of Sir Alexander Swinton, of Scotland." There is a circumstantial account of his crimes, and particularly of the one for which he was condemned, in the article referred to; where also reference is made to "a fine mezzotinto print of him," "representing him standing at the bar of the Old Bailey, with his thumbs tied" (see 7th S. xi. 444, &c.), under which was an inscription beginning,— Blood!-must a colonel, with a lord's estate, C. C. B. MARTIN LISTER, M.D., F.R.S. (8th S. iii. 286, 337, 391)-Besides Michael and Jane, Dr. Martin Lister had two daughters. Physicians' has the following respecting them :Munk's 'Roll of "His book on conchology, Historia sive Synopsis Methodica Conchyliorum,' published in 1685, formed a new era in the science, and contributed chiefly to give celebrity to its author. It contains very accurate figures Longford, Coventry. C. F. S. WARREN, M.A. iii. 268).—It may help towards the elucidation of COL. R. TOWNESEND: THOMAS CARTE (8th S. the point raised at the reference quoted, in the heading of which surely Col. R. Townesend's name historian, was the son of an Anglican clergyman, was not required, to state that Thomas Carte, the cated at Rugby School and Brasenose College, was born at Clifton-upon-Dunsmore, was eduOxford, was ordained in the Church of England, was Chaplain to Bishop Atterbury and involved in his misfortunes, but was allowed eventually to return to England, where he died in 1754. The fact that he was buried in the chancel of Yattendon Church, Berkshire, is prima facie evidence that he remained in the Anglican communion. A. T. M. gree of Lane, of Northamptonshire (Metcalfe's HERALDIC (8th S. iii. 227).—I find in the pediElizabeth Chancy. The Chancy arms are Or, three Visitations) that Robert Lane, of Walgrave, married chevrons engrailed gules. LEO CULLETON. 158, 336).—Mr. C. H. Poole's book on 'The CusST. THOMAS'S DAY CUSTOM (8th S. iii. 29, 94, toms, Superstitions, and Legends of the County of Stafford,' was printed and published by Rowney & Co., 7, Whetstone Park, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C. J. BAGNALL. Water Orton. SILVER SWAN (8th S. iii. 387).-Your correspondent S. M. O. will find an interesting account in Planché's 'Pursuivant of Arms' of the swan as a Lancastrian badge; but I cannot discover any reference to the order of the Silver Swan on my shelf of heraldic works, which now includes Norton-Elvin's last production, a comprehensive book, 'The Orders of Chivalry.' had sundry badges, but the swan is not amongst minster the swan is sculptured on the cornice, CAPT. RUSH (8th S. iii. 348). - The Royal Charlotte sailed from Portsmouth on her first Voyage to China August 11, 1796, having Henry Rush for fourth mate; on her second voyage Rush was third mate; on her third voyage he was second mate; on her fourth and fifth voyages Rush was first mate; and on her sixth voyage, sailing from Portsmouth April 5, 1809, Henry Rush was her captain. The name of the vessel and her captain will be found in Hardy's register of ships employed in the service of the honourable the United East India Company from the year 1760 to 1812. C. H. I. G. In a list of ships of the Royal Navy in 1794 the Royal Charlotte occurs, being described as of ten guns, but the captain's name is not given. In 1822 the same vessel was described as a yacht under the command of Sir J. Brenton. but Moll Flagon is not one that could well be performed by an actress. I have a water-colour drawing of Liston in this part by De Wilde, in which he is represented in a partly military costume-presumably a sutler-smoking vigorously from a short pipe. In proof that such an arrangement is not uncommon, I may mention that Mr. Keeley played Mrs. Caudle, and, if I mistake not, Mrs. Gamp. The late James Rogers also appeared in female parts. CHARLES WYLIE. Moll Flagon is a low camp-follower in Gen. Burgoyne's comic opera The Lord of the Manor,' produced at Drury Lane December, 1780. The character was originally played by Suett, and when the piece was successfully revived at Covent Haymarket, was very effective in Liston's hands. Garden, and subsequently at Drury Lane and the The original picture in oils by De Wilde-never, I think, engraved-representing Liston, Jones, and Hamerton as Moll Flagon, young Contrast, and Corporal Trim, happens to be in my possession. Liston, in black petticoat, in the leather pocket of which lurks a black bottle, blue check apron and stockings, old scarlet regimental coat and straw bonnet, with clay pipe in hand, is a comical figure. Genest savs Moll Flagon was borrowed from Steele's Kate Matchlock in 'The Funeral.' Another highly amusing personation of Liston's was his Buy-a-broom Girl, a parody on Miss Love's performance. The Lord of the Manor' is to be found in Cumberland's "British Theatre." ROBERT WALTERS. Ware Priory. · BRIDGE AND CULVERT (8th S. iii. 248, 376).— I do not think any engineer would agree with your correspondents who state that a culvert with a flat top is a tunnel, and one without an invert a bridge. A culvert is a culvert, whether it is arched or has a flat top, and whether, owing to a bad or good foundation, it requires an invert or not. There are culverts without an invert, and bridges over watercourses with an invert. L. L. K. WEDDING WREATHS (8th S. iii. 229, 332).-I am much obliged to MR. COLEMAN and MR. ANGUS for so kindly answering my question, and also to ALICE for the quotation she so kindly sent. I should like to know further when the orange blossom was first used in England, and what led to the adoption of this particular flower. Also, what is the modern Jewish custom; does the bride wear a wreath? What are the principal flowers worn by modern nations? Avis. CHARLES GEORGE LEWIS (8th S. iii. 325).—The death and burial-place being the subject of a communication to N. & Q.,' the following paragraph from the Athenæum of June 26, 1880, is an appropriate accompaniment thereto : "We may record the death of Mr. Charles George Lewis, the well-known engraver, on the 16th inst., in the seventy-third year of his age. He was a son of Mr. F. C. Lewis, and his pupil in art, a brother of the late J. F. Lewis, R.A. Many of his better known works are reproductions of Landseer's pictures; of these the list is considerable, and includes the names of To ho! 'published in 1830, The Cat's Paw,' 1846, Islay, Macaw, and Love Birds,' Breeze,' Shoeing,' The Otter Hunt,' A Cover Hack.' He engraved Mr. F. Tayler's 'Highland Larder.' 71, Brecknock Road, EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. table, useful to the collector, of contemporaneous sovereigns in England and France. The whole is got up papers made in Nuremberg and with a facsimile of the in the publishers' best style, with end papers reproducing binding of St. Cuthbert's Gospel, now in the library at Stonyhurst. English Folk-Rhymes. By G. F. Northall. (Kegan Paul & Co.) MR. NORTHALL has brought together a very large and interesting collection of folk-rhymes, which he has arranged in a fashion equally intelligible and convenient. He has further enriched the whole with explanatory notes, drawn principally from works of recognized authority, a list of which is given in his prefatory matter. A list absolutely exhaustive has not yet appeared, and such, if it ever sees the light, can only, perhaps, be done through the agency of a society. The present is the largest we can recall. The opening division deals with place-names arranged under counties. especially in regard to certain subjects,-atmospheric phenomena to wit. Thus, in Cornwall, AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (8th S. iii. There is naturally in these a good deal of repetition, 349).Woman's faith and woman's trust, &c. Song of Vidal the Minstrel, in 'The Betrothed,' chap. xx. C. F. S. WARren, M.A. Is MR. DAVIES acquainted with a very similar expression in Aytoun's' Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers' (Prince Charles Edward at Versailles on the anniversary of Culloden) ?— Woman's love is writ in water, An Historical Sketch of Bookbinding. By G. T. Prideaux. (Lawrence & Bullen). INTEREST in bindings, early, rare, historical, or precious, mounts as interest in books, with the exception of the rarest, declines. While the price of an average incunable is in many cases lower now than fifty years ago, that of the binding of a Grolier or a Diane de Poitiers volume has steadily risen, until such now rank as costly gems. Books on bindings multiply accordingly with rapidity. Among recent productions on the subject few are likely to be of more utility than the volume of Mr. Prideaux, issued in attractive guise by Messrs. Lawrence & Bullen. The basis of the work is found in the author's introduction to the catalogue of the marvellously interesting exhibition of bookbindings held a couple of years ago at the Burlington Fine-Arts Club. To the matter then obtained and subsequently enlarged much matter of importance has been added, including a chapter on early stamped bindings by Mr. Gordon Duff. As a record of the progress of the binder's art the volume is excellent, the survey afforded being comprehensive and luminous. About half is occupied with an historical sketch of bookbinding from its beginning to the present century. A bibliography of works relating to binding, in which naturally N. & Q.' conspicuously figures, brings the whole to a close. Separate chapters are on " Embroidered Book-covers," "The Use of Metal in Bound Books," and "Book-Edge Decoration." An account of "Early Documents relating to the Art" is also given, and there is a When Caradon's capped and St. Cleer hooded Liskeard town will soon be flooded. While in Yorkshire,— When Eston nabbe puts on a cloake, And Rosberrye a cappe, Then all the folks on Cleveland's clay The sufficiently obvious rhyme between people and steeple, and the number of parish steeples, furnish much opportunity for local wit, which is not seldom ill-natured. In the case of the village of Ugley, in Essex, it was perhaps inevitable that we should hear of Ugly church, ugly steeple, It is less obvious why we should have or why, in Lancashire, we read of Proud Ashton, poor people, Ten bells, and an old crackt steeple. What hast thou to boast on? And shoals that souls are lost on. not a few of this class have passed through these pages, Familiar enough are these things to our readers, since to which, perhaps, they owe their escape from oblivion. Folk-rhymes follow on history, book mottoes, superstitions, customs, games, weather, what not, much of it familiar, but all contributing agreeable reading. Thanks to the authorities which Mr. Northall supplies, each say ing and explanation can be verified. Between five and six hundred handsome pages are crammed with matter of undying interest to the folk-lorist. Book-Plates. By W. J. Hardy, F.S.A. (Kegan Paul & Co.) To the highly interesting series of "Books about Books," which we have already more than once commended to our readers, has been added an account of Book-Plates' by a writer of authority, whose attention has long been fixed upon this now popular study. Mr. Hardy's father, the late Sir William Hardy, was a collector of book-plates before the pursuit was common. A taste for a study equally dear to the antiquary, the |