I.—THE AMERICAN COLONIES, AND THEIR SEPARATION FROM GREAT BRITAIN.

BY WILLIAM N. HUDSON.

Introductory Remarks: Character of the Early Colonists; Spirit of Resistance to Oppression;

Seeds of Freedom. -The Colonies: Foundation and Political Structure; Acts Relating to Civil and

Political Rights.-Oppressive Acts of the British Parliament: Restrictions upon Commerce; Navigation

Acts; Prohibition of Manufactures; Writs of Assistance; Stamp Act; the Judiciary and Military as

Instruments of Oppression.-Indignation Throughout the Colonies: New York; Boston; Philadelphia;

Virginia; James Otis, Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry.-First Continental Congress: Address to the

Crown. First Symptoms of Resistance: Parson Mayhew; Stamp Officers Compelled to Resign;

Destruction of Stamped Paper; Disregard of the Stamp Act; Sons of Liberty.-Repeal of the Stamp

Act.-The Elder Pitt in Behalf of the Colonies.-Imposition of Import Duties: Protests by Massachu-

setts and Virginia.-Attempt to Quarter Troops on the People.-First Acts of Violence: The Boston

Massacre; the Boston Tea Party.-Retaliatory Measures: The Boston Port Bill; Citizens Sent Abroad

to be Tried.-Second Colonial Congress: Declaration of Rights; Suspension of Commercial Inter-

course. ----Military Steps Taken by the Government and by the Colonies.-Lexington and Concord:

Gathering of the Continental Forces; the Patriot Army around Boston.-Ticonderoga and Crown Point:

Ethan Allen and Seth Warren.-The Continental Congress: Exercise of Comprehensive Powers; Petitions

to the King and People of Great Britain; Determination of Resistance; an Army Voted to be Raised;

Washington as Commander-in-chief; Bills of Credit.-Battle of Bunker Hill.—Washington in Command

of the Army: Capture of Dorchester Heights; Evacuation of Boston by the British.-Expedition

Against Quebec.-Measures of the British Parliament: Troops Sent to America; Burning of Norfolk;

Attack on Fort Moultrie.-Independence First Proposed: The Mecklenberg Declaration; Action of

North Carolina, Georgia, Rhode Island and Virginia; the Proposition before Congress; Committee to

Draft a Declaration; Other Colonies Declare for Independence; the Formal Declaration Made; Pro-

phetic Utterance of John Adams. -THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.
Page 13-33

II.-MICHIGAN AS A POLITICAL COMMONWEALTH.

First Settled by the French.-Politically Associated with Canada.-Occupied by the United States
in 1796.-Part of the Northwest Territory.-Form of Government.-Descent of the Territorial Sover-
eignty: The Claims of Virginia, Connecticut and Massachusetts; the United States Statistical Atlas;
Opinion of Judge Charles I. Walker; Conquest of the Northwest Territory by Gen. George Rogers
Clark; Indefiniteness of the Colonial Charters; Policy of Congress as to Conflicting State Boundaries;
Virginia the only Party Consulted in the Division of the Northwest Territory; Direct Descent from

Great Britain; Opinion of Chancellor Manning; Territorial Sovereignty not Exercised by the United

States under the Federation.-Organization of the Territory of Michigan.-Organization of the State

Government: Adoption of a Constitution; Admission into the Union; the Disputed Boundary; the

Toledo War; the Upper Peninsula.--Seat of Government and State Capital: Location of the Capital

at Lansing; the Old and the New Capitol Buildings; Board of State Building Commissioners.-Gov-

ernors of Michigan.
Page 34-43

III.-NATIONAL AND PATRIOTIC SONGS.

Introductory Remarks: "Our Native Song."-American National Songs: My Country, 'Tis of

Thee; Hail Columbia; Star-Spangled Banner; Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean; Our Flag is There;

Yankee Doodle; The Liberty Song; The Ship of State; How Sleep the Brave; The Flag of our Union;

Viva l'America, Home of the Free; Tramp, Tramp, Tramp; Flag of the Heroes; The American Flag;

Stand by the Flag; Columbia Rules the Sea.-Our Michigan Songs: Michigania; Michigan, my

Michigan.—Songs of Other Nations: God Save the Queen; Scots Wha Ha'e Wi' Wallace Bled; St.

Patrick's Day; Watch on the Rhine (German and English); Marseillaise Hymn (French and English).-

A Song for all Peoples: Home, Sweet Home.

Page 44-68

PART II.

COMMEMORATIVE CENTENNIAL EXERCISES.

I. CELEBRATION OF THE EARLIER EVENTS.

The Boston Tea Party.-Lexington and Concord: Commemoration in 1836; Hymn by Ralph

Waldo Emerson; Commemoration in 1875; Poem by James Russell Lowell; William E. Gladstone's

Estimate of America; Poem by John G. Whittier; Resolutions of the Michigan Senate, April 19, 1875.—

Bunker Hill: The Fiftieth Anniversary; Centennial Celebration, June 17, 1875; Large Military Display;

Military Companies from the South; Distinguished Gentlemen Present-Gov. Bagley, Senator Ferry.—

The Mecklenberg Declaration: Celebration in North Carolina and Tennessee; Resolutions of the U. S.

Centennial Commission.
Page 69-76

II. THE CENTENNIAL FOURTH.

Introductory Remarks: Greeting of the Centennial Fourth.-The Great National Celebration at

Philadelphia: Exercises in Independence Square; Independence Hall; Grand Military Parade; Distin-

guished Persons Present; Opening Address by Gen. Hawley, President of the U. S. Centennial

Commission; Address by Vice-President Ferry; Prayer by Bishop Stevens; Hymn, Welcome to all

Nations," by Oliver Wendell Holmes; Reading of the Declaration by Richard Henry Lee; Greeting

from Brazil; The National Ode, by Bayard Taylor; Hymn, by Dexter Smith.-Greeting from Germany—

President Grant's Reply.-Miscellaneous Exercises: The Authors' Tribute to the Signers; The National

Reform Association-Demanding a Religious Amendment to the Constitution; Centennial Congress of

Liberals-Total Separation of Church and State; Woman Suffrage Centennial Meetings.

III. THE CENTENNIAL FOURTH IN MICHIGAN.

Page 77-94

Introductory Remarks.-Newspapers from which Quotations are Made.- Reports of Celebrations
at Adrian, Allegan, Ann Arbor, Battle Creek, Bay City, Big Rapids, Bronson, Caro, Charlotte,
Coldwater, Detroit, Dexter, Dundee, Flint, Fowlerville, Grand Ledge, Grand Haven, Grand Rapids,
Greenville, Houghton, Ionia, Ithaca, Jackson, Jonesville, Kalamazoo, Lansing, Lexington, Marquette,
Mason, Mount Pleasant, Milford, Muskegon, Negaunee, Niles, Northville, Ontonagon, Otsego County,
Port Huron, Quincy, Roscommon, Saginaw, Saline, St. Johns, St. Joseph, St. Louis, Sturgis, Tawas,
Traverse City, Union City, Vassar.

IV.-CENTENNIAL TREE PLANTING

General Observations on Trees and Forestry; Poem, "The Cobar Tree."--Recommendation by Gov.

Bagley.-Tree Planting in Detroit, Mason, Fentonville, Lansing, Flint, Ann Arbor, Perry Center,

Orion, Allegan, Monroe, Kalamazoo, Dexter, Butler, Holland, Portland, Vassar, Battle Creek, Charlotte,

Mt. Clemens, Sturgis, Big Rapids, Romeo, Holly, Cassopolis, Evart, Grand Ledge, Lapeer, Hudson,

Medina, Niles, Tecumseh,
Page 171-183

VARIOUS COMMEMORATIONS.-The National Flag at the State Capital.-Centennial Display

by the State Agricultural Society: Address by the Committee in Charge; List of Articles Exhibited and

Premiums Awarded.
Page 184-186

PART III.

CENTENNIAL ORATIONS AND SERMONS.

I.-REPRESENTATIVE CENTENNIAL ORATIONS.

What the Age Owes to America: Hon. Wm. M. Evarts, at Philadelphia.-The Declaration of

Independence, and the Effects of It: Rev. R. S. Storrs, D.D., at New York.-The Progress of Liberty: Hon.

Charles Francis Adams, at Taunton, Mass.-The Signers of the Declaration: Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, at

Boston.
Page 187-254

II.-EXTRACTS FROM MICHIGAN ORATIONS.

Thomas B. Church, at Grand Rapids.-Theodore Romeyn, at Detroit.-Dan. P. Foote, at Saginaw.—

Mark S. Brewer, at Milford.-L. D. Dibble, at Battle Creek.-Judge Marston, at Bay City.-J. E. Tenney,

at Lansing.-A. L. Millard, at Adrian.-Jonas H. McGowan, at Coldwater.-Geo. W. Wilson, at Charlotte.

-Geo. H. Jerome, at Niles.--Aaron Clark, at Middleville.-A. H. Fenn, at Allegan.-C. H. Denison, at

Port Huron.
Page 255-304

III. THE MICHIGAN PULPIT ON THE CENTENNIAL.

America's Centennial Memories: Rev. W. D. Love, D. D.-The Hand of God in American History:

Rev. Geo. D. Baker, D. D.--Comparative Progress of the Century: Rev. L. R. Fiske, D. D.—Lessons of

the Centennial Exhibition: Rev. C. H. Brigham.--The Centenary of Missions: Rev. John P. Scott,

D. D.--The Paramount Allegiance: Rev. Alfred Owen, D. D.--Progress the Lesson of the Century: Rev.

T. G. Colton.--Presbyterians in the Revolution: Rev. Wm. Aikman, D. D.--Righteousness Exalteth a

Nation: Rev. J. Gordon Jones.-The Thanksgiving of the Patriot: Dr. Henry Zirndorf.-Modern

Spiritualism--A Centennial Lesson: Giles B. Stebbins.
Page 305-372

PART IV.

THE INTERNATIONAL CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION.

I.—PRELIMINARY HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION.

By Whom the Exhibition was First Proposed.-Agitation of the Subject in Philadelphia and
Pennsylvania. —Act of Congress Establishing the Centennial Commission.-The President's Proclamation.
-Further Act of Congress Giving the Exhibition a National Character. -The Centennial Board of
Finance.—State Appropriations. -Countries Represented.-SALE OF LIQUORS ON THE CENTENNIAL GROUNDS:
Report Adverse Thereto; Opinion of the Solicitor of the Commission.-THE QUESTION OF OPENING THE

EXHIBITION ON SUNDAY: Majority and Minority Reports; the Methodist General Conference and other

Religious Bodies on the Subject; the Ministerial Association of Detroit; Petitions and Representations for

and Against; Final Determination.--OPENING OF THE EXHIBITION: General Arrangements, and Persons

Present; Opening Prayer by Bishop Simpson; Centennial Hymn, by John G. Whittier; Presentation of

the Buildings to the Commission; Presentation of the Exhibition to the President; the President's Address;

the Exhibition Fully Open.

Page 373-389.

II. THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION, LOCALLY AND EXTERNALLY.

BY BRONSON HOWARD.

INTRODUCTION— —THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL EXPOSITIONS: Fairs of the Middle

Ages--Leipzig, Nijni Novgorod, Tantah; Fairs of More Modern Times--Venice, Leyden, England;

Exhibitions of the Past Century--the French Series (1798 to 1849); Fairs in Vienna, Berlin, the Nether-

lands, Belgium, Sweden, Great Britain, the World's Fair of Hyde Park, its Four Successors in Paris,

London and Vienna.--THE EXHIBITION GROUNDS: A General Description--the Valleys, Avenues, Bridges,

Railways; Statues and Fountains--Bartholdi, Father Matthew, Columbus, Washington, Union Soldier, the

Pegasus Bronzes, Naval Group, Elias Howe, Colossal Hand of the French Statue of Liberty.--THE MINOR

BUILDINGS: Their Number and Character; Bazars or Places of Traffic; Restaurants and Cafés; Special

Exhibit Buildings-Brewer's Hall, Butter and Cheese Factory, Glassware Building, Quartz Mill, Spanish

and French Government Pavilions, Canada Log House, Swedish School House, Pennsylvania Educational

Hall, Kindergarten, American Newspaper Building, the New England Farmer's Home, House Apiary,

Cuban Acclimatization Society, Old Locomotives and Cars, Hunter's Camp, Boats and Rafts; Foreign

Government Buildings--Residences and Offices Erected by Great Britain, Japan, Spain, Germany, Brazil

and Portugal; State Buildings; Official and other Buildings.--THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS: The Main

Building--its Materials and Dimensions, Floorage, the Three Annexes; Machinery Hall--Size, Two

Miles of Shafting, the Great Motor, Tank for Pumps, Boiler Houses, Shoe and Leather Building, Saw-Mill

Annex; Agricultural Hall--its Peculiar Architecture, Area, Annexes; Horticultural Hall--its Moorish Style

in Form and Colors, Area, Annex, Rhododendrons and Azeleas, General Contents, the Conservatories, the

Adjoining Beds of Flowers and Foliage-plants; Memorial Hall--a Permanent Monument of the Exhibition,

Construction and Architecture, Dimensions, Wall-space for Paintings, the Art Annex, its many Galleries

and Corridors, its Wall-space, the Photographic Building and its Contents; United States Government

Building--its Area, Annexes and Surroundings; the Woman's Pavilion.-Recapitulation, showing the

Number of Acres for the Exhibition of Goods and the Amount of Ground Actually Covered by the 153

Buildings Within the Grounds.

Page 390-406

III.-A GENERAL REVIEW OF THE EXHIBITION.

BY BRONSON HOWARD.

The Number of Exhibitors.-The Seven Departments.-MINING AND METALLURGY: A Table
Showing the Number of Exhibitors from each Nation; the Contributions of the Several Countries
Represented in this Department; Cold Twisted Iron and Fracture-Tests of Steel; Diamonds from South
Africa, China, Japan, Hawaii, and other Countries.--MACHINERY: The Centennial Exhibition Unequaled
in this Department; the Boiler Houses; the Corliss Engine; Table of Exhibitors According to Nationality;
the Ten Classes of Machinery; Russia, Sweden and France; the English-speaking Nations the Largest
Contributors; Canada and the United States; General Mention of Various Kinds of Machinery; American
Inventions; Scientific Accuracy of American Work.-THE GENERAL MANUFACTURES: Twenty-eight
Nations Represented; Table of Exhibitors; American Chemical Products; Petroleum; Coal-tar and its Won-
ders; Ceramics; Products of Various Countries; Thorwaldsen in Danish Art; Japan and China--Remarkable
Excellence in this Department; Glassware-Bohemian, French and Venetian; Furniture; Characteristics of
the American Display; Silver-ware and Jewelry; the Elkington Display; Russia; Combination of Beauty
and Usefulness in American Silver-ware; Artistic Products of many Countries; the Jewelry Exhibits of
the United States; Articles of Personal Use or Ornament; Fancy Articles; the "Shoe and Leather Building;"
Clothing from all Countries; Cotton Fabrics; Small Representation from Great Britain and France; Other
Countries; the United States; Immense Number of American Exhibitors of Cotton Goods; their Superior