He look'd, and saw the face of things quite When violence was ceas'd, and war on Earth, chang'd; All would have then gone well; peace would have The brazen throat of war had ceas'd to roar: crown'd All now was turn’d to jollity and game, With length of happy days the race of Man; To luxury and riot, feast and dance; But I was far deceived; for now I see Marrying or prostituting, as befell, Peace to corrupt no less than war to waste. Rape or adultery, where passing fair How comes it thus? unfold, celestial guide, Allur'd them; thence from cups to civil broils. And whether here the race of Man will end." At length a reverend sire among them came, To whom thus Michael. “Those, whom last thou And of their doings great dislike declar'd, saw'st And testified against their ways; he oft In triumph and luxurious wealth, are they Frequented their assemblies, whereso met, First seen in acts of prowess eminent Triumphs or festivals; and to them preach'd And great exploits, but of true virtue void ; Conversion and repentance, as to souls Who, having spilt much blood, and done much waste. In prison, under judgments imminent: Subduing nations, and achiev'd thereby But all in vain: which when he saw, he ceas'd Fame in the world, high titles, and rich prey ; Contending, and remov'd his tents far off: Shall change their course to pleasure, ease, and sloth Then, from the mountain hewing timber tall, Surfeit, and lust; till wantonness and pride Began to build a vessel of huge bulk ; Raise out of friendship hostile deeds in peace. Measur'd by cubit, length, and breadth, and height; The conquer'd also, and enslav'd by war, Smear'd round with pitch; and in the side a door Shall, with their freedom lost, all virtue lose Contriv'd; and of provisions laid in large, And fear of God; from whom their piety feign'd For man and beast; when lo, a wonder strange! In sharp contést of battle found no aid Of every beast, and bird, and insect small, Against invaders; therefore, cool'd in zeal, Came sevens and pairs; and enter'd in as taught Thenceforth shall practise how to live secure, Their order: last the sire and his three sons, Worldly or dissolute, on what their lords With their four wives; and God made fast the door. Shall leave them to enjoy ; for the Earth shall bear Meanwhile the south-wind rose, and, with black More than enough, that temperance may be tried : wings So all shall turn degenerate, all depravd; In a dark age, against example good, Or violence, he of their wicked ways The paths of righteousness, how much more safe Of them derided, but of God observ'd Sea without shore; and in their palaces, The one just man alive; by his command Where luxury late reign'd, sea-monsters whelp'd Shall build a wondrous ark, as thou beheld'st, And stabled ; of mankind, so numerous late, To save himself, and household, from arnidst All left, in one small bottom swum embark'd. A world devote to universal wrack. How didst thou grieve, then, Adam, to behold No sooner he, with them of man and beast The end of all thy offspring, end so sad, Select for life, shall in the ark be lodg'd, Depopulation! Thee another food, And shelter'd round; but all the cataracts of tears and sorrow a flood, thee also drown'd, Of Heaven set open on the Earth shall pour And sunk thee as thy sons; till, gently rear'd Rain, day and night; all fountains of the deep, By the angel, on thy feet thou stood'st at last ; Broke up, shall heave the ocean to usurp Though comfortless ; as when a father mourns Beyond all bounds; till inundation rise His children, all in view destroy'd at once; Above the highest hills: then shall this mount And scarce to the angel utter'dst thus thy plaint. Of Paradise by might of waves be mov'd "O visions ill foreseen! better had I Out of his place, push'd by the horned flood, Liv'd ignorant of future! so had borne With all his verdure spoil'd, and trees adrift My part of evil only, each day's lot Down the great river to the opening gulf, Enough to bear; those now, that were dispens'd And there take root an island salt and bare, The burden of many ages, on me light The haunt of seals, and orcs, and sea-mews' clang No sanctity, if none be thither brought He look'd, and saw the ark hull on the food, Which neither his foreknowing can prevent; Which now abated; for the clouds were fied, And he the future evil shall no less Driven by a keen north-wind, that, blowing dry, In apprehension than in substance feel, Wrinkled the face of deluge, as decay'd ; Grievous to bear: but that care now is past, And the clear Sun on his wide watery glass Man is not whom to warn: those few escap'd Gaz'd hot, and of the fresh wave largely drew, Famine and anguish will at last consume, As after thirst; which made their flowing shrink Wandering that watery desert: I had hope From standing lake to tripping ebb, that stole With soft foot towards the deep; who now had stopt promises, descends the hill with Michael; waHis sluices, as the Heaven his windows shut. kens Eve, who all this while had slept, but with The ark no more now floats, but seems on ground, gentle dreams composed to quietness of mind and Fast on the top of some high mountain fix'd. submission. Michael in either hand leads them And now the tops of hills, as rocks, appear; out of Paradise, the fiery sword waving behind With clamor thence the rapid currents drive, them, and the Cherubim taking their stations to Towards the retreating sea, their furious tide. guard the place. Forthwith from out the ark a raven flies, And after him, the surer messenger, As one who in his journey bates at noon, A dove sent forth once and again to spy Though bent on speed; so here the archangel Green tree or ground, whereon his foot may light: paus'd The second time returning, in his bill Betwixt the world destroy'd and world restor’d, An olive-leaf he brings, pacific sign: If Adam aught perhaps might interpose ; Anon dry ground appears, and from his ark Then, with transition sweet, new speech resumes. The ancient sire descends, with all his train: “ Thus thou hast seen one world begin, and end, Then with uplifted hands, and eyes devout, And Man, as from a second stock, proceed. Grateful to Heaven, over his head beholds Much thou hast yet to see ; but I perceive A dewy cloud, and in the cloud a bow Thy mortal sight to fail : objects divine Conspicuous with three listed colors gay, Must needs impair and weary human sense : Betokening peace from God, and covenant new. Henceforth what is to come I will relate ; Whereat the heart of Adam, erst so sad, Thou therefore give due audience, and attend. Greatly rejoic'd ; and thus his joy broke forth. “ This second source of men, while yet but few, “O thou, who future things canst represent And while the dread of judgment past remains As present, heavenly instructor! I revive Fresh in their minds, fearing the Deity, At this last sight; assur'd that Man shall live, With some regard to what is just and right With all the creatures, and their seed preserve. Shall lead their lives, and multiply apace; Far less I now lament for one whole world Laboring the soil, and reaping plenteous crop, Of wicked sons destroy'd, than I rejoice Corn, wine, and oil; and, from the herd or flock, For one man found so perfect, and so just, Oft sacrificing bullock, lamb, or kid, That God vouchsafes to raise another world With large wine-offerings pour'd, and sacred feast, From him, and all his anger to forget. Shall spend their days in joy unblam'd ; and dwell But say, what mean those color'd streaks in Heaven Long time in peace, by families and tribes, Distended, as the brow of God appeas'd ? Under paternal rule: till one shall rise To whom the archangel. “Dextrously thou aim'st; Over his brethren, and quite dispossess Concord and law of nature from the Earth ; And from rebellion shall derive his name, Marching from Eden towards the west, shall find His triple-color'd bow, whereon to look, The plain, wherein a black bituminous gurge In foreign lands, their memory be lost; But God, who oft descends to visit men Unseen, and through their habitations walks Comes down to see their city, ere the tower Obstruct Heaven-towers; and in derision sets Upon their tongues a various spirit, to rase The angel Michael continues, from the flood, to re-Quite out their native language ; and, instead, late what shall succeed; then, in the mention of To sow a jangling noise of words unknown : Heaven, And hear the din: thus was the builling left To Haran; after him a cumbrous train Whereto thus Adam, fatherly displeas'd. Not wandering poor, but trusting all his wealth O execrable son! so to aspire With God, who callid him, in a land unknown. Above his brethren; to himself assuming Canaan he now attains; I see his tents Authority usurp'd, from God not given: Pitch'd about Sechem, and the neighboring plain He gave us only over beast, fish, fowl, Of Moreh: there by promise he receives Dominion absolute; that right we hold Gift to his progeny of all that land, By his donation; but man over men From Hamath northward to the deseri south ; He made not lord ; such title to himself (Things by their names I call, though yet unnam'd ;) Reserving, human left from human free. From Hermon east to the great western sea; But this usurper his encroachment proud Mount Hermon, yonder sea ; each place behold Stays not on man; to God his tower intends In prospect, as I point them ; on the shore Siege and defiance : wretched man! what food Mount Carmel; here, the double-founted stream, Will he convey up thither, to sustain Jordan, true limit eastward; but his sons Himself and his rash army; where thin air Shall dwell to Senir, that long ridge of hills. Above the clouds will pine his entrails gross, This ponder, that all nations of the Earth And famish him of breath, if not of bread ?" Shall in his seed be blessed : by that seed To whon thus Michael. “ Justly thou abhorrist is meant thy great Deliverer, who shall bruise That son, who on the quiet state of men The serpent's head; whereof to thee anon Such trouble brought, affecting to subdue Plainlier shall be reveald. This patriarch blest. Rational liberty; yet know withal, Whom faithful Abraham due time shall call, Since thy original lapse, true liberty A son, and of his son a grand-child, leaves; Is lost, which always with right reason dwells Like him in faith, in wisdom, and renown: Twinn'd, and from her hath no dividual being : The grand-child, with twelve sons increas'd, departs Reason in man obscur'd, or not obey'd, From Canaan, to a land hereafter call'd Immediately inordinate desires, Egypt, divided by the river Nile; And upstart passions, catch the government See where it flows, disgorging at seven mouths From reason; and to servitude reduce Into the sea : to sojourn in that land Man, till then free. Therefore, since he permits He comes, invited by a younger son Within himself unworthy powers to reign In time of dearth ; à son, whose worthy deeds Over free reason, God, in judgment just, Raise him to be the second in that realm Subjects him from without to violent lords; Of Pharaoh : there he dies, and leaves his race Who oft as undeservedly enthral Growing into a nation; and, now grown, His outward freedom: tyranny must be ; Suspected to a sequent king, who seeks Though to the tyrant thereby no excuse. To stop their overgrowth, as inmate guests (slaves Yet sometimes nations will decline so low Too numerous; whence of guests he makes them From virtue, which is reason, that no wrong, Inhospitably, and kills their infant males: But justice, and some fatal curse annex'd, Till by two brethren, (these two brethren call Deprives them of their outward liberty ; Moses and Aaron) sent from God to claim Their inward lost : witness the irreverent son His people from enthralment, they return Of him who built the ark; who, for the shame With glory, and spoil, back to their promis'd lend. Done to his father, heard this heavy curse, But first, the lawless tyrant, who denies Servant of servants, on his vicious race To know their God, or message to regard, Thus will this latter, as the former world, Must be compell’d by signs and judgments dire ; Still tend from bad to worse; till God at last, To blood unshed the rivers must be turn'd; Wearied with their iniquities, withdraw Frogs, lice, and fies, must all his palace fill And all his people ; thunder mix'd with hail, From all the rest, of whom to be invok’d, Hail mix'd with fire, must rend the Egyptian sky, A nation from one faithful man to spring : And wheel on the Earth, devouring where it rolls; Him on this side Euphrates yet residing, What it devours not, herb, or fruit, or grain, Bred up in idol-worship: 0, that men A darksome cloud of locusts swarming down (Canst thou believe ?) should be so stupid grown, Must eat, and on the ground leave nothing green; While yet the patriarch liv'd, who 'scap'd the flood, Darkness must overshadow all his bounds, As to forsake the living God, and fall Palpable darkness, and blot out three days; To worship their own work in wood and stone Last, with one midnight-stroke, all the first-born For gods! Yet him God the Most High vouchsafes Of Egypt must lie dead. Thus with ten wounds To call by vision, from his father's house, The river-dragon tam'd at length submits To let his sojourners depart, and oft More harden'd after thaw; till, in his rage Pursuing whom he late dismiss'd, the sea All nations shall be blest : he straight obeys; Swallows him with his host ; but them lets pass, Not knowing to what land, yet firm believes : As on dry land, between two crystal walls; I see him, but thou canst not, with what faith Aw'd by the rod of Moses so to stand He leaves his gods, his friends, and native soil, Divided, till his rescued gain their shore: Ur of Chaldia, passing now the ford Such wondrous power God to his saint will lendo Though present in his angel; who shall go Enlightener of my darkness, gracious things Before them in a cloud, and pillar of fire ; Thou hast reveald ; those chiefly, which concern By day a cloud, by night a pillar of fire; Just Abraham and his seed: now first I find come This yet I apprehend not, why to those Among whom God will deign to dwell on Earth On their embattled ranks the waves return, So many and so various laws are given. And overwhelm their war: the race elect So many laws argue so many sins Sase towards Canaan from the shore advance Among them; how can God with such reside ?" Through the wild desert, not the readiest way; To whom thus Michael. “Doubt not but that sin Lest, entering on the Canaanite alarm'd, Will reign among them, as of thee begot ; War terrify them inexpert, and fear And therefore was law given them, 10 evince Return them back to Egypt, choosing rather Their natural pravity, by stirring up Inglorious life with servitude; for life Sin against law to fight: that when they see *To noble and ignoble is more sweet Law can discover sin, but not remove, Untrain'd in arms, where rashness leads not on. Save by those shadowy expiations weak, This also shall they gain by their delay The blood of bulls and goats, they may conclude In the wide wilderness : there they shall found Some blood more precious must be paid for man ; Their government, and their great senate choose Just for unjust; that in such righteousness Through the twelve tribes, to rule by laws ordain'd: To them by faith imputed, they may find God from the mount of Sinai, whose grey iop Justification towards God, and peace Shall tremble, he descending, will himself or conscience; which the law by ceremonies In thunder, lightning, and loud trumpets' sound, Cannot appease: nor man the moral part Ordain them laws ; part, such as appertain Perform; and, not performing, cannot live. To civil justice ; part, religious rites So law appears imperfect; and but given Of sacrifice ; informing them, by types With purpose to resign them, in full time, And shadows, of that destin'd Seed to bruise Up to a better covenant; disciplin'd The serpent, by what means he shall achieve From shadowy types to truth ; from Aesh to spirit Mankind's deliverance. But the voice of God From imposition of strict laws to free To mortal ear is dreadful: they beseech Acceptance of large grace; from servile fear That Moses might report to them his will, To filial: works of law to works of faith. And terror cease; he grants what they besought, And therefore shall not Moses, though of God Instructed that to God is no access, Highly belov'd, being but the minister Without mediator, whose high office now Of law, his people into Canaan lead ; Moses in figure bears; to introduce But Joshua, whom the Gentiles Jesus call, One greater, of whose day he shall foretell, His name and office bearing, who shall quell And all the prophets in their age the times The adversary-serpent, and bring back Of great Messiah shall sing. Thus, laws and rights Through the world's wilderness long-wander'd man Establish'd, such delight hath God in men Safe to eternal Paradise of rest. Obedient to his will, that he vouchsafes Meanwhile they, in their earthly Canaan placa, Among them to set up his tabernacle; Long time shall dwell and prosper, but when sins The Holy One with mortal men to dwell: National interrupt their public peace, By his prescript a sanctuary is fram'd Provoking God to raise them enemies; Of cedar, overlaid with gold ; therein From whom as oft he saves them penitent An ark, and in the ark his testimony, By judges first, then under kings; of whom 'The records of his covenant; over these The second, both for piety renown'd And puissant deeds, a promise shall receive For ever shall endure; the like shall sing Of David (so I name this king) shall rise Save when they journey, and at length they come, A Son, the woman's seed to thee foretold. Conducted by his angel, to the land Foretold to Abraham, as in whom shall trust Promis'd to Abraham and his seed :-the rest All nations; and to kings foretold, of kings Were long to tell; how many battles fought; The last ; for of his reign shall be no end. How many kings destroy'd; and kingdoms won; But first, a long succession must ensue; Or how the Sun shall in mid Heaven stand still And his next son, for wealth and wisdom famid, A day entire, and night's due course adjourn, The clouded ark of God, till then in tents Man's voice cominanding. Sun, in Gibeon stand; Wandering, shall in a glorious temple enshrine. And thou, Moon, in the vale of Aialon, Such follow him, as shall be register'd Till Israel overcome! So call the third Part good, part bad: of bad the longer scroll; From Abraham, son of Isaac; and from him Whose foul idolatries, and other faulis His whole descent, who thus shall Canaan win.” Heapid to the popular sun, will so incense Here Adam interpos d. “O sent from Heaven, God, as to leave ihem, and expose their land, Their city, his temple, and his holy ark, In his redemption; and that his obedience, With all his sacred things, a scorn and prey. Imputed, becomes their's by faith; his merits To that proud city, whose high walls thou saw'st To save them, not their own, though legal, works. Left in confusion ; Babylon thence call’d. For this he shall live hated, be blasphemd, There in captivity he lets them dwell Seiz'd on by force, judg’d, and to death condemn'd l'he space of seventy years; then brings them back, A shameful and accurs'd, nail'd to the cross Remembering mercy, and his covenant sworn By his own nation; slain for bringing life : so David, stablish'd as the days of Heaven. But to the cross he nails thy enemies, Return’d from Babylon by leave of kings The law that is against thee, and the sins Their lords, whom God dispos’d, the house of God of all mankind with him there crucified, They first re-edify; and for a while Never to hurt them more who rightly trust In mean estate live moderate; uill grown In this his satisfaction: so he dies, In wealth and multitude, factious they grow : But soon revives; Death over him no power But first among the priests dissension springs, Shall long usurp: ere the third dawning light Men who attend the altar, and should most Return, the stars of morn shall see him rise Endeavor peace : their strise pollution brings Out of his grave, fresh as the dawning light, Upon the temple itself: at last they seize Thy ransom paid, which man from death redeems, The sceptre, and regard not David's sons ; His death for man, as many as offer'd life Then lose it to a stranger, that the true Neglect not, and the benefit embrace Anointed king Messiah might be born By faith not void of works: this godlike act Barr'd of his right; yet at his birth a star, Annuls thy doom, the death thou shouldst have died, Unseen before in Heaven, proclaims him come; In sin for ever lost from life; this act And guides the eastern sages, who inquire Shall bruise the head of Satan, crush his strength, His place, to offer incense, myrrh, and gold : Defeating Sin and Death, his two main arms; His place of birth a solemn angel tells And fix far deeper in his head their stings To simple shepherds, keeping watch by night; Than temporal death shall bruise the victor's heel, They gladly thither haste, and by a quire Or theirs whom he redeems; a death, like sleep, Of squadron'd angels hear his carol sung. A gentle wafting to immortal life. A virgin is his mother, but his sire Nor after resurrection shall he stay The power of the Most High: he shall ascend Longer on Earth, than certain times to appear The throne hereditary, and bound his reign To his disciples, men who in his life With Earth's wide bounds, his glory with the Hea- Still follow'd him; to them shall leave in charge vens." To teach all nations what of him they learn'd He ceas’d, discerning Adam with such joy And his salvation ; them who shall believe Surcharg'd, as had like grief been dew'd in tears, Baptizing in the profluent stream, the sign Without the vent of words; which these he breath'd. Of washing them from guilt of sin to life "O prophet of glad tidings, finisher Pure, and in mind prepard, if so befall, Of utmost hope! now clear I understand For death, like that which the Redeemer died. What oft my steadiest thoughts have search'd in vain; All nations they shall teach ; for, from that day, Why our great Expectation should be call'd Not only to the sons of Abraham's loins The seed of woman: virgin mother, hail, Salvation shall be preach'd, but to the sons High in the love of Heaven ; yet from my loins Of Abraham's faith wherever through the world ; Thou shalt proceed, and from thy womb the Son So in his seed all nations shall be blest. Of God Most High; so God with man unites. Then to the Heaven of Heavens he shall ascend Needs must the serpent now his capital bruise With victory triumphing through the air Expect with mortal pain : say where and when Over his foes and thine ; there shall surprise Their fight, what stroke shall bruise the victor's heel.” The serpent, prince of air, and drag in chains To whom thus Michael. “Dream not of their fight, Through all his realm, and there confounded leave; As of a duel, or the local wounds Then enter into glory, and resume Of head or heel : not therefore joins the Son His seat at God's right hand, exalted high Manhood to godhead, with more strength to foil Above all names in Heaven; and thence shall come, Thy enemy; nor so is overcome When this world's dissolution shall be ripe, Satan, whose fall from Heaven, a deadlier bruise, With glory and power to judge both quick and dead; Disabled, not to give thee thy death's wound: To judge the unfaithful dead, but to reward Which he, who comes thy Savior, shall recure, His faithful, and receive them into bliss, Not by destroying Satan, but his works Whether in Heaven or Earth; for then the Earth In thee, and in thy seed: nor can this be Shall all be Paradise, far happier place But by fulfilling that which thou didst want, Than this of Eden, and far happier days." Obedience to the law of God, impos'd So spake the archangel Michaël; then pausd, On penalty of death, and suffering death ; As at the world's great period ; and our sire. The penalty to thy transgression due, Replete with joy and wonder, thus replied. And due to theirs which out of thine will grow: “O) Goodness infinite! Goodness immense ! So only can high Justice rest appaid. That all this good of evil shall produce, The law of God exact he shall fulfil And evil turn to good ; more wonderful Both by obedience and by love, though love Than that which by creation first brought forth Alone fulfil the law; thy punishment Light out of darkness! Full of doubt I stand, He shall endure, by coming in the flesh Whether I should repent me now of sin To a reproachful life, and cursed death ; By me done, and occasion'd; or rejoice Proclaiming life to all who shall believe Much more, that much more good thereof shall spring |