"In the reign of Henry IV., there was a club called La Court de bone Compagnie," of which the worthy old poet Occleve was a member, and probably Chaucer. In the works of the former are two ballads, written about 1413; one, a congratulation from the brethren to Henry Somer, on his appointment of the Sub-Treasurer of the Exchequer, and who received Chaucer's pension for him. In the other ballad, Occleve, after dwelling on some of their rules and observances, gives Somer notice that he is expected to be in the chair at their next meeting, and that the styward' has warned him that he is

"for the dyner arraye

Ageyn Thirsday next, and nat is delaye."" “That there were certain conditions to be observed by this Society appears from the latter epistle, which commences with an answer to a letter of remonstrance the 'Court' has received from Henry Somer, against some undue extravagance, and a breach of their rules."

Seriez-vous assez bon pour m'apprendre dans quelle collection, et, si possible, dans quel volume se trouvent les deux ballades manuscrites dont parle MR. Foss? J'ai parcouru plusieurs collections, mais mon peu d'expérience des manuscrits anglais a rendu mes recherches vaines.

2. Quelle est l'étymologie de Mums (Shadwell écrit Muns dans ses Scourers, 4°, 1691), Tityretus, Hawkabites, ou Hawkubites, et même Hawcubites et autres associations de jeunes débauchés, confondus en général sous la dénomination de Mohocks du temps de la Restoration et de la reine Anne? Faut-il écrire Mohock or Mohawk, comme dans le Gentleman's Magazine? T. H.

OLD ENGRAVERS.-I shall be glad of information respecting two old prints in my possession. The one represents our Saviour with the crown of thorns and purple robes, and bearing the reed in his hand, mocked by the soldiers. In the lefthand corner are the subjoined date and signature1538, 10. AN. BO."

The subject of the other print is Christ disputing with the doctors in the Temple. The date and signature are in the right-hand corner as follows:-1568, (B.”

S. L.

FIRST COLOURED JURY IN AMERICA.-It may be recorded in "N. & Q." that a jury composed entirely of coloured men was empanelled in Navasola, Texas, not long ago, and that it is the first instance known in the United States.

This is one of the strange events which have occurred since the termination of the late civil war. Is such an instance known in England? W. W.

Malta. FURIES. In an old commonplace-book, under the head "Furies," many translations are given from the tragic poets, especially Eschylus and Seneca. The following lines have no reference, and I think them sufficiently noticeable to excuse me asking for one : —

"Meanwhile, the sons
Impetuous mix'd in fight; close on whose rear
Hung the black Furies, stern, and drench'd in gore.
Horrid, insatiable, their white teeth crash'd,
And fierce they combated for those which fell;
For all were thirsty for the dark red blood,
And whom they first beheld, falling, or fallen.
Recently wounded, on him strait they cast
Their mighty talons."

V. H.

THE HAMILTON FAMILY IN IRELAND. Could any of your correspondents, who have of late been writing so intelligently respecting the Hamilton family, inform me concerning that branch of the family which, early in the seventeenth century or previously, settled in the North of Ireland? I am especially desirous of ascertaining whether there is any notice in the public or private records of the Hamiltons of the marriage, in 1682, of Mary Hamilton, daughter of the Presbyterian minister at Bangor, to a John Alexander, whose son, I am informed, became one of the Presbyterian ministers at Dublin.

CHARLES ROGERS, LL.D.

quarto, entitled Excellent Encouragements against Afflictions, or Expositions of Four Select Psalms (1647), issued under the care of good Christopher Harvey, who is so lovingly associated with the saintly George Herbert. I am anxious to know more of Pierson. Can any reader of "N. & Q." give me references to authorities other than Wood, Athena (a mere scrap), and the notice (very slight) in the Cole MSS.? Harvey dedicates the above volume to Sir Robert Harley, Knight, and intimates that Pierson had bequeathed his MSS. to him and the publication of any approved to himself. I should greatly like to have information on Pierson and Harley. Pierson edited Perkins's works, and is by all spoken of as "famous," and yet nothing seems known of him. STUDENT.

QUOTATION.-Can any reader of "N. & Q." inform me if the following verse (written on the margin of an old Bible, "breeches" copy, 1597) is part of any old tradition; and, if so, where to be found? I copy literatim:

"but whilst John at Jerusalem did staye
god tooke the blessed virgienes life away
that holy wife that mother that pure maid
at getsemany in hir graue was laid."

W. R. S. ROYAL AUTHORS.-Will any of your correspondents kindly give me their assistance in forming a correct list of royal authors at the present time? With your permission I will begin by naming H.M. Queen Victoria, the Emperor Napoleon, King Louis of Bavaria, the King of Sweden, who "paints fairly and writes poetry;" as also the Swedish Prince Oscar, so well known by the translation of The Cid into his native language, by a volume of pleasing poetry, and very recently by his valuable contributions "to the war history of Sweden." W. W. Malta.

RYDER, WYVILL, AND MORE FAMILIES.-Can any reader of "N. & Q." give me information respecting the descendants of Sir Thomas More, especially the descendants of his grandchildren? Also if there is any note of any branch of the family going to America about 1634? There was a family of More living near Haddon, Bampton, and Bicester, county Ŏxon, previous to 1637. Notices of them especially required. Also, of family of Wyvill of York, and of the family of Rider or Ryder. Was Edward Ryder any relation to Sir Wm. Ryder, Lord Mayor of London, who died 1669, and is the Journal of the aforesaid lord mayor extant? Address, H. A. B., Mr. Lewis, Bookseller, Gower Street, Euston Square, London,

N.W.

MICHAEL WIGGINS.-In Bombastes Furioso we read, "play Michael Wiggins o'er again!" What tune is it, and where can it be found? S. J.

Queries with Answers.

LORD HOWARD OF ESCRICK. What was the Christian name of the Lord Howard who appears Was it Thomas or William? Was he the second so discreditably in the Rye House Plot trials? or the third Lord Howard of Escrick, and if he his succession to the title? The peerage-chroniwas William, the third lord, what is the date of clers, Collins, Banks, and Burke, all make the mistake of giving Edward, the first Lord Howard belong to one of his sons. They all agree, notof Escrick, the discredit of the proceedings which withstanding, in saying that the first lord died in 1675. Collins and Banks make the second lord, Thomas, die in 1683; Burke says he died in 1678. Whenever he died, he was succeeded by his brother William. Was this in 1678 or in 1683, or when?

CH.

[Thomas Howard, the second baron, was in the first Foot Guards, and died at Brussels in 1678, whilst with his regiment. William his brother and third baron, took a very active part in the Committees of the House of Lords soon after he was there seated, in giving credit to Oates's plot, and to the proceedings and trial of his innocent relation, the Viscount Stafford, whom he condemned. He became the chief evidence against his friends in the Rye House Plot, as well as on the trials of Lord William Russell and Algernon Sidney. From all accounts he was sidered a disgrace to his family. He died in 1694. Condesperate both in character and estate, and was consult Burnet's History of his Own Time, and Cobbett's State Trials, viii. 370; ix. 430, 602, 850, 1065.]

on

JOHN ARCHER.-This person wrote a pamphlet

"The Personall Reigne of Christ vpon Earth. That Jesus Christ with the Saints shall visibly possesse a Monarchiall State in this World. By Jo. Archer, 1643." Does he figure among the Fifth Monarchy men of that time? GEORGE LLOYD.

Darlington. [The first edition of The Personall Reigne of Christ was published in 1642, under the name of Henry Archer. He is also called Henry in the account of him by Benjamin Brook in the Lives of the Puritans, ed. 1813, ii. 455, but his correct name is John Archer. He was minister of Allhallows, Lombard Street, London, and on account of his nonconformity was suspended by Archbishop Laud. He retired to Arnheim, in Holland, and became co-pastor with Dr. Thomas Goodwin of the English church. He appears to have been living in 1645.]

DESIGNATION OF SCOTCH LAW COURTS.-Until now, I had understood that the law courts in Scotland were styled "Supreme": for instance, the title of "S.S.C." always stood for "Solicitor to the Supreme Courts." In a marriage notice which has just appeared in our local papers, the term "Solicitor before the Imperial Courts of Scotland" is used. I should be glad to know

when the change was made. Doubtless some of your Edinburgh correspondents can give the information required. J. MANUEL.

Newcastle-on-Tyne.

[No change has taken place in the title of the corporation referred to. The substitution of Imperial for Supreme is simply a mistake. Very probably the drawing up of the marriage notice was entrusted to an English velative of the bride, and he did not do so until after the departure of the happy couple, hence the error.]

SCOTTICISMS.-Can any of your readers tell me the meaning of "casten" and "broken" in the following passage?

"The Crowner suld haue all the cornes lyand in binges

and mowes casten and broken."-Skene, De Verborum Significatione, 1597.

H. B.

[Anglice. The Crowner is entitled (when grain has been left in the field lying in heaps or small stacks) to all single pickles that may be thrown or shaken off, and to the whole ears in the case of barley and wheat, and several pickles connected by their stalks in the case of oats which may have been broken off.]

Replies.

LUCIFER.

(3rd S. xii. 47.)

*

I think it should be noted that Lucifer was applied to Satan, in English literature, at least four hundred years before Milton's time, and probably long before that. In some "Early English Homilies," which Mr. Morris is editing for the Early English Text Society, and the date of which is about 1220-30 A.D., it is stated most explicitly. The book is not yet published, but I quote from a proof-sheet, p. 219: :

"Tha wes thes tyendes hapes alder swithe feir isceapan, swa that heo was gehoten leoht berinde": i. e. "Then was this tenth order's elder very fair shapen, so that he was called light-bearing."

The context explains that there were originally ten orders of angels; nine of which are angels still, but the tenth order fell from heaven through pride, and their chief's name was Light-bearing, or Lucifer.

Still more curious is the English form of the name, Ligber (A.-S. lig-bær, flame-bearing), as in the following:

"Ligber he sridde a dere srud,

And he wurthe in himseluen prud," &c.

i. e. "Ligber, he shrouded him in a noble shroud, and he became in himself proud."

This I quote from Mr. Morris's "Genesis and Exodus," 1. 271: the date is about 1250 A.D.

No doubt this is all derived from a misapplication of Isaiah xiv. 12. But I think it is worth of further illustration, that we hardly ever find while to add, in confirmation of this, and by way an allusion to Lucifer in early English without finding, at the same time, a mention of his trying to seat himself in the north-a curious perversion of the verse following, viz. Isaiah xiv. 13, which is, in the Vulgate,—

"Qui dicebas in corde tuo: in cælum conscendam, super astra Dei exaltabo solium meum, sedebo in monte testamenti, in lateribus aquilonis."

Compare the Septuagint version—ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη τὰ ὑψηλὰ τὰ πρὸς βοῤῥαν; and the English, “ in the sides of the north." Thus, even as early as Cadmon, who speaks of Satan as "like to the light stars," we find, "that he west and north would prepare structures"; as Thorpe translates it in his edition, at p. 18. So, too, in the "English Homilies," three lines below the quotation already given: "and sitte on north[d]ele hefene tiches," . e. and sit on the north-part of the kingdom of heaven. So again in "Genesis and Exodus,"

1.277:

"Unde vel ille qui Lucifer fuit, et in cælo oriebatur," etc.-In Ep. ad Rom., lib. v.

And by Theodoret in the fourth :

Εωσφόρον αὐτὸν καλεῖ, . . . . ἀπείκασεν ἑωσφόρῳ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ εἰς γῆν πεσόντι.-In Esaic cap. xiv. 12. "He calls him Lucifer, . . . . he compared him to Lucifer who fell from heaven to earth."

ASSUMPTION OF A MOTHER'S NAME.

(3rd S. xii. 66.)

Also by St. Jerom in the fourth century:— "Et cecidit Lucifer. . . . . Et ille qui in paradiso deliciarum inter duodecim nutritus est lapides, vulneratus a monte Domini ad inferna descendit; (Esai. xiv.) unde et Salvator in Evangelio, Videbam, inquit, Satanam quasi fulgur de cælo cadentem. . . . . Et tamen cum derit Lucifer, immo post casum coluber antiquus: virtus ejus in lumbis ejus."—Adv. Jovin., lib. ii. cap. 3.

The famous Bishop of Cagliari was named Lucifer by a singular exception; but I believe no other instance can be found. It is not true, as asserted by Miss Yonge, that the name was borne by any Pope: she probably had in her mind the name of Lucius. Much less is it true that its application to the devil arose from any "popular misunderstanding" of the text of Isaias. For the holy Fathers in general understood that passage primarily of the fallen angel Lucifer, though applied by the prophet to the King of Babylon, whose pride might be compared to that of the fallen angel. Thus, the passages above quoted from Origen, Theodoret, and St. Jerom; to which may be added the following:

From Tertullian, in the third century: "Præ manu erit hujus ævi dominum diabolum interpretari, qui dixerit, propheta referente: Ero similis Altissimi, ponum in nubibus thronum meum.”—Adv. Marcionem, lib. v. cap. xi.

From St. Athanasius, in the fourth century:Πάντες δὲ οἱ ὀρθῶς πιστεύοντες εἰς τὸν Κύριον, πατοῦσι τὸν εἰπόντα, θήσομαι τὸν θρόνον μου ἐπάνω τῶν νεφελῶν, ἀναβήσομαι, ὅμοιος ἔσομαι τῷ ὑψίστῳ.—Contra Arianos, Orat. I.

"All who rightly believe in the Lord, shall trample upon him who said: I will place my throne above the clouds, I will ascend, and I will be like to the Most High."

F. C. H.

This name has been applied to Satan by the Fathers and later writers of the Church, ever since the time of St. Jerome. Cornelius a Lapide constantly so uses it in his Commentary, and its use is not in the least "poetical." It may have arisen, not so much from a "misunderstanding" of Isaiah xiv. 12, as from a deeper understanding of it, as referring not only to the fall of Belshazzar, but to the still greater fall of Satan, as Miss Yonge so well shows. (See Cornelius a Lapide, in loco.) J. T. F. The College, Hurstpierpoint.

But this change to the mother's name has a long prescription of use. I give Habington's account of it. The extract is made from Lord Lyttelton's manuscript of Habington's "Collections for Worcestershire made in reigns of James and Charles I." By the kindness of Lord Lyttelton I had the MS. in my possession for a considerable time, and made this and other extracts from it. Speaking of Warmedon, he says:

"In the body of the churche and southe window, gules a fesse or, and towe mollettes in cheife argent. This coate is often boren in Malvernes faire churche [it is still to be seen there.-D. P.] and elsewheare as Bracies' armes. But in my opinion is Pohers' coate wch Braci as heyre to Poher did assume for his owne. For before kinge Edward the thyrd 13 of hys raygne quartered France and England, all our gentellmen men bore singell coates, in so muche as yf a gentellman had maryed wth a gentellwoman who was an inheritrice and had a sonne by her, thys heyre yf hee wold chuse hys mothers armes must refuse hys fathers. And it was moreover used to keepe hys fathers name and beare hys mothers coate. Or, on the contrary, to take hys mothers name and continewe hys fathers armes. And so Bracie of Warmedon and the Ligons theyre hevres have borne eaver since not Bracies"

but their ancestors Pohers' armes."

This statement of Habington exhausts the subject. Instances are familiar to those who have given attention to genealogy. But the knowledge of the rules stated in this passage of Habington may save persons to whom it is a new study some perplexity and surprise. I said something on the subsequent practice as to arms before the institution of the College of Arms, in vol. vi. p. 126, which I will not waste time in repeating.

Stuarts Lodge, Malvern Wells.

D. P.

There is nothing to prevent E. S. S. from publishing his change of surname, and then what he wishes to do is legally complete. (See the case of Luscomb v. Yates, 5 Barn & Alderson's Reports, 555, and Falconer on Surnames, p. 9; and Supplement, pp. 15 and 16.) There never was a public authority to invent new names. The thousands of surnames which are used were originally