The only liquid forms known in Greek are those of which the characteristic is λ, v, or p, and these are all connected with the dentals. Thus we have ὁ ἄλ-ς, “the salt,” gen. ἁλός; ὁ παιάν, “the war-song,” for παιάν-s, gen. παιᾶν-ος ; ὁ Ελλην, “ the Greek," gen. Ἕλληνος; ὁ ποιμήν, “the shepherd,” for ποιμέν-s, gen. ποιμένος; ὁ κτείς, “the comb,” gen. κτενός; ὁ δελφίς, “the dolphin,” for δελφίν-s, gen. δελφίνος; ὁ μόσσυν, “the tower,” gen. μόσσῦν-ος ; ὁ δαίμων, “the deity,” for δαίμον-s, gen. δαίμονος ; ὁ κλών, “the branch,” for κλών-s, gen. κλων-ός; ὁ ψάρ, “the starling,” gen. ψαρ-ός; τὸ νέκταρ, “the nectar,” gen. νέκταρος; ὁ θήρ,“the wild beast,” for θήρες, gen. θηρός; ὁ αἰθήρ, “the clear sky,” for αἰθέρος, gen. αἰθέρος; τὸ πῦρ, “the fre,” gen. πυρ-ός; ὁ μάρτυς, “the witness,” gen. μάρτυρος; ὁ ῥήτωρ, “the orator, for ρήτορος, gen. ῥήτορος; ὁ φώρ, “the thief, gen. φωρός. The declensions of these nouns are generally in strict accordance with the previous examples. In the dat. pl., λ and p are retained before -σι, but v is dropped (above, 93). Singular. Ν. Ἕλλην κλών δαίμων θήρ αἰθήρ φώρ ῥήτωρ G. Ἕλληνος κλων-ός δαίμονος θηρός αἰθέρος φωρ-ός ῥήτορος D. "Ελλην-ι κλωνί δαίμονι θηρεί αιθέρι φωρεί ρήτορι Α. Ελληνα κλῶν-α δαίμονα θῆρα αἰθέρ-α φωρα ρήτορα V. Ελλην κλών δαῖμον θήρ αιθήρ φώρ ῥητορ G. Plural. N.V. Ἕλληνες κλώνες δαίμονες θῆρες φωρες ῥήτορες Ἑλλήνων κλων-ῶν δαιμόνων θηρῶν φωρῶν ῥητόρων Ελλη-σι κλω-σί δαίμο-σι θηρ-σί φωρ-σί ῥήτορ-σι Ἕλληνας κλῶν-ας δαίμονας θῆρας φώρας ῥήτορας D. Α. Ν. Α.V. "Ελληνε G.D. Dual. κλῶν-ε δαίμον-ε θῆρε φωρ-ε ρήτορε Ἑλλήν-οιν κλων-οῖν δαιμόνοιν θηρ-οῖν φωρ-οῖν ῥητόρ-οιν 184 The following fem. and oxytone nouns are declined not only like δαίμων, but also like αἰδώς: ἡ εἰκών, “the image, gen. εἰκόνος and εἰκοῦς, &c.; ἡ ἀηδών, “the nightingale,” gen. ἀηδόνος and ἀηδοῦς, &c.; ἡ χελιδών, “the swallow, gen. χελιδόνος and χελιδοῦς, &c. The same contraction takes place in the acc. sing., and nom., acc., and voc. plur. of certain comparatives in -wv, -ovos: thus acc. sing. μείζονα, μείζοα, μείζω ; nom. and voc. plur. μείζονες, μείζους, μείζους ; acc. μείζονας, μείζοας, μείζους (107). In ὁ, ἡ κύων, “the dog,” for κύον-ς, root Fov-, the oblique cases drop the o: thus gen. κυνός, dat. κυνί, &c. 185 If, in forms corresponding to αιθήρ, αιθέρος, the termination is -τερ or -νερ, we generally find a syncope in the Attic dialect; in the latter case, 8 is inserted between v and p, according to 86. Thus ὁ πατήρ, “the father,” and ὁ ἀνήρ, “the man,” are declined as follows (cf. 51, c. 5): The fem. ἡ χείρ, " the hand,” for χέρια, like δωτεῖρα for δωτέρ-ια from δωτήρ, δωτέρας, is declined as follows: 186 Dual. N.A.V. χεῖρ-ε G.D. χειρ-οῖν, χερ-οῖν e. Nouns in F, as represented by -ɩ or -v. In these nouns the and v, which appear as substitutes for a lost digamma, are usually represented by e in the oblique cases. The similar forms of the 2nd declension present many analogies in their inflexions. When the or v is retained throughout the cases, the gen. and dat. sing. end in -os and -, as in the other consonantal nouns, and a comparison of πόλεως, πολεῖ, with the dialectical varieties πόληος, πόλη, assisted by the analogy of λαός, λέως, &c. (above, 145), supports the conclusion that the penultima in these cases was originally long, probably in consequence of some consonantal strengthening of the syllable. When the e is substituted, the gen. terminates with -ws, and the dat. is contracted into -eu. The acc. sing. retains the primitive -r, unless the nom. ends in -εύς, and then the acc. is -é-ā. N.A. V. Ki-e G.D. κι οῖν πολέοιν and πόλεων G.D. σιναπέοιν In some words the Attic dialect retains the Ionic flexion of the genitive; such are ὁ πόσις, “ the husband,” gen. πόσιος; ἡ δῆρις, " the strife, gen. δήριος; ἡ μῆνις, “ the wrath," gen. μήνιος ; from τύρσις, “ a tower,” we have gen. τύρσιος (Xen. Anab. VII. 8, § 12), and from μάγαδις, " a harp,” we have dat. μαγάδι (Ibid. 3, § 32). The noun ois, “ a sheep,” is declined with . throughout. ὁ ἰχθύς, “ the fish,” ὁ πήχυς, “the elbow,” τὸ δάκρυ, “the tear,” Plural. 109 Compounds with πήχυς make their neut. pl. in -a, -η, 23 διπήχη from δίπηχυς; so also ἥμισυς, “ half,” makes ἡμισέος, -ους, ἡμίσεα, ἡμίση. The word ἡ ἔγχελυς, “the eel,” is declined like ἰχθύς in the singular, but like πήχυς in the plural. 189 β. Fem. in -aus. ἡ γραῦς, “ the old woman,” ἡ ναῦς, “ the ship.” Dual. γραυσί Α. γρᾶτας, γραῦς |