24 25 εἶναι, καὶ μὴ αὐτὸν αὑτῷ νόμους ἰδίους θέμενον διαπράξασθαι ἃ ἐβούλετο. Σκέψασθε δὴ καὶ τονδὶ τὸν νόμον, ὃς κελεύει τὴν διαθήκην, ἣν ἂν παίδων ὄντων γνησίων ὁ πατὴρ διαθῆται, ἐὰν ἀποθάνωσιν οἱ παῖδες πρὶν ἡβῆσαι, κυρίαν είναι, ΝΟΜΟΣ, [Ο τι ἂν γνησιων ὄντων υἱῶν ὁ πατὴρ διαθῆται, ἐὰν ἀποθάνωσιν οἱ υἱεῖς πρὶν ἐπὶ δίετες ἡβῶν, τὴν τοῦ πατρὸς διαθήκην κυρίαν εἶναι.] Οὐκοῦν ὁπότε ζῶσιν, ἄκυρος μὲν ἡ διαθήκη ἐστὶν, ἥν φασιν οὗτοι τὸν πατέρα καταλιπεῖν, παρὰ πάντας δὲ τοὺς νόμους μεμαρτύρηκε Στέφανος οὑτοσὶ τὰ ψευ δῆ, ὡς ἀντίγραφά ἐστι τῆς διαθήκης τῆς Πασίωνος πῶς γὰρ σὺ οἶσθα, καὶ τοῦ παραγενόμενος διατιθεμένῳ τῷ πατρί; κακοτεχνῶν δὲ φαίνει περὶ τὰς διαθήκας, τὰ ψευδῆ μὲν αὐτὸς μαρτυρῶν ἑτοίμως, κλέπτων δὲ τὰς ἀληθεῖς μαρτυρίας, ἐξαπατῶν δὲ τοὺς δικαστὰς, συνιστάμενος δ ̓ ἐπὶ ταῖς δίκαις. οἱ δὲ νόμοι καὶ περὶ 26 τῶν τοιούτων γραφὴν πεποιήκασιν. καί μοι ἀνάγνωθι τὸν νόμον. ΝΟΜΟΣ. 1137 [Εάν τις συνίστηται ἢ συνδεκάζῃ τὴν ἡλιαίαν ἢ § 24. Again, there is a law allowing a will made by a father (though he has legitimate sons) to become valid if the sons die before reaching manhood. In the present case, as the sons are alive and grown up, the 'will' is invalid. ἐὰν ἀποθάνωσιν—πρὶν ἡβῆσαι.] 'Every man of full age and sound mind, not under durance or improper influence (cf. § 15), was competent to make a will; but if he had a son he could not disinherit him ; al- For the latter part of this §§ 25-26. Further, the defendant has illegally entered into a conspiracy to defeat the ends of justice. 27 τῶν δικαστηρίων τι τῶν ̓Αθήνησιν ἢ τὴν βουλὴν ἐπὶ δωροδοκίᾳ χρήματα διδοὺς ἢ δεχόμενος, ἢ ἑταιρείαν συνιστῇ ἐπὶ καταλύσει τοῦ δήμου, ἢ συνήγορος ὢν λαμβάνῃ χρήματα ἐπὶ ταῖς δίκαις ταῖς ἰδίαις ἢ δημοσ ίαις, τούτων εἶναι τὰς γραφὰς πρὸς τοὺς θεσμοθέτας.] Ηδέως ἂν τοίνυν ὑμᾶς κλέπτων...μαρτυρίας.] Οr. 45 § 58. Οι συνιστάμενος, see note on συστάσεις Or. 45 § 67. συνδεκάξῃ.] Bribe the Heliæa.' Pollux: δώρων κατὰ τοῦ ἐπὶ δώροις δικάσαντος ἦν ἡ γραφή, δεκασμοῦ δὲ κατὰ τοῦ διαφθείραντος· καὶ ὁ μὲν δεκάζεσθαι ὁ δὲ δεκάζειν ἐλέγετο. Cf. Or. 21 (Mid.) § 113 lex, ἐάν τις...διδῶ ἑτέρῳ ἢ διαφθείρῃ τινὰς ἐπαγ γελλόμενος, ἐπὶ βλαβῇ τοῦ δήμου ...ἄτιμος ἔστω. δεκασμός however (strictly meaning a systematic bribery by division into sets of ten) is only a late word and is not found in the Attic Orators, though ἀδέκαστος occurs in Ar. Ethics II. 9. 6, où yàp ådéκασται κρίνομεν (τὴν ἡδονήν), and Aeschines, Timarch. § 86, has συνδεκάζειν τὴν ἐκκλησίαν καὶ τἆλλα δικαστήρια and ib. § 87 μαρτυρεῖν τὸν μὲν ὡς ἐδέκαζε τὸν δὲ ὡς ἐδεκάζετο. Cf. Isocr. Οr. 8 § 50 θανάτου τῆς ζημίας επικειμένης, ἐάν τις ἁλῷ δεκάζων and Lysias Or. 29 § 12 δεδεκασμένοι. So in Latin, we have decuriare used of organised bribery at elections, Cicero, pro Plancio § 45 decuriatio tribulium and decuriasse Plancium, conscripsisse. Cf. the obscure name given to bribed dicasts at Athens, Λύκου δεκάς. (In wholesale bribery an agent, it is conjectured, was chosen from each tribe and the group of ten thus selected to deal with their fellowtribesmen were comically called Λύκου δεκάς from the statue of P. S. D. II. ἐροίμην ἐπὶ τούτοις ἅπασι Lycus near the law-courts. Meier and Schömann, Att. Process p. 150. Harpocr. s. v. δεκάζων.) The usual phrase for bribery is χρήμασι φθείρειν (or διαφθεί ρειν), though the euphemism χρήμασι πεῖσαι is still more frequent, and it is curious to note how frequently the word δωροδοκία occurs, and how rarely δεκασμός and its corresponding verb. Again and again we have charges of receiving bribes, seldom of giving them; possibly because those who gave them were too powerful to be attacked. —ἐπὶ δωροδοκίᾳ with a corrupt motive,' is here a general term, implying without directly expressing the corresponding term δεκασμός. ἑταιρείαν ἐπὶ καταλύσει τοῦ δήμου.] Thuc. VIII. 54, ὁ Πείσανδρος τὰς ξυνωμοσίας.. ἁπάσας ἐπελθὼν καὶ παρακελευσάμενος ὅπως ... καταλύσουσι τὸν δῆμον κ.τ.λ. See Grote, H. G. chap.51 (iv. p. 394, ed. 1862). ἐπὶ ταῖς δίκαις κ.τ.λ.] ‘In any cause either of a public or private nature.' K. Rather (as above, § 25), “with a view to winning the causes brought either by private persons or on public grounds.' It is to a collusion for such a purpose between the σύνδικος and the συνήγορος that Aristophanes alludes in Vesp. 694. P.] θεσμοθέτας.] ‘The six minor Archons.' 9 28 κατὰ ποίους νόμους όμωμοκότες δικάζετε, πότερα κατὰ τοὺς τῆς πόλεως ἢ καθ' οὓς Φορμίων αὑτῷ νομοθετεῖ. ἐγὼ μὲν τοίνυν τούτους παρέχομαι ὑμῖν, καὶ ἐξελέγχω αὐτοὺς ἀμφοτέρους παραβεβηκότας, Φορμίωνα μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἀδικήσαντα ἡμᾶς καὶ ἀποστερήσαντα τὰ χρήἃ ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῖν κατέλιπε καὶ ἐμίσθωσε τούτῳ μετὰ τῆς τραπέζης καὶ τοῦ ἐργαστηρίου, Στέφανον δὲ τουτονὶ τὰ ψευδή μεμαρτυρηκότα καὶ παρὰ τὸν νόμον. ματα, Αξιον τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταὶ, καὶ τόδε ἐνθυμηθῆναι, ὅτι διαθηκῶν οὐδεὶς πώποτε ἀντίγραφα ἐποιήσατο, ἀλλὰ συγγραφῶν μὲν, ἵνα εἰδῶσι καὶ μὴ παραβαίνωσι, διαθηκῶν δὲ οὔ. τούτου γὰρ ἕνεκα και ταλείπουσιν οἱ διατιθέμενοι, ἵνα μηδεὶς εἰδῇ ἃ δια * Bekker cum Σ (in margine). § 27. The jury has sworn to do justice according to the laws of Athens and not the laws which Phormio chooses to lay down for himself. I produce the laws of Athens and I prove that both of my opponents have broken them, Phormio by defrauding me of the money left me by my father, Stephanus by giving false evidence and that contrary to the law. τὰ χρήματα.] sc. the Bankingstock, which is the subject of Or. 36. The έργαστήριον is the shield-manufactory of Or. 36 διαθήκης Z cum ΣΦ. διαθήκας Ε. death. The reason why people leave their wills behind them (instead of publishing them before they die) is to prevent any one knowing their contents.' Kennedy renders it: 'keep wills by them until their death.' From not recognising this meaning, several unnecessary conjectures have been suggested, e.g. κατασεσημασμένας καταλείπουσιν (Reiske); κατακλείουσιν (Seager); οὐ καταλείπουσιν, sc. διαθηκῶν ἀντίγραφα (G.H.Schae fer). [I incline to think κατακλείο ουσιν is the true reading. The reason why people 'leave wills' is to shew how they wish to dispose of their property; the reason why they keep them under lock and key' is that no one may have access to them. P.] For the reiteration διατιθέμενοι...διατίθενται, see §§ 2 and 3. 29 τίθενται. πῶς οὖν ὑμεῖς ἴστε ὅτι ἀντίγραφά ἐστι τῶν διαθηκῶν τῶν Πασίωνος τὰ ἐν τῷ γραμματείῳ γεγραμμένα ; Δέομαι δ ̓ ὑμῶν ἁπάντων, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταὶ, καὶ ἱκετεύω βοηθῆσαι μὲν ἐμοὶ, τιμωρήσασθαι δὲ τοὺς ἑτοίμως οὕτω τὰ ψευδῆ μαρτυροῦντας, ὑπέρ τε ὑμῶν αὐτῶν καὶ ἐμοῦ καὶ τοῦ δικαίου καὶ τῶν νόμων. § 29. I implore the jury to grant me redress, that those who are so prompt to give false evidence may be punished on all grounds, particularly for the sake of justice and the laws. τῶν νόμων.] Placed last for emphasis, since the whole speech has dealt with quotations of laws and not with εἰκότα, or presumptive proofs, as in the former oration. LIII. ΠΡΟΣ ΝΙΚΟΣΤΡΑΤΟΝ ΠΕΡΙ ΑΝΔΡΑΠΟΔΩΝ ΑΠΟΓΡΑΦΗΣ ΑΡΕΘΟΥΣΙΟΥ. ΥΠΟΘΕΣΙΣ. Απολλόδωρος γραψάμενος ψευδοκλητείας ̓Αρεθούσιον εἷλεν. ὀφείλοντος δὲ τοῦ ̓Αρεθουσίου τάλαντον τῇ πόλει καὶ ἀποδοῦναι μὴ δυνηθέντος, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο εἰς τὰ δημόσια απογραφομένης αὐτοῦ τῆς οὐ 5 σίας, ἀπογράφει ὁ ̓Απολλόδωρος οἰκέτας “ὡς ὄντας ̓Αρεθουσίου, ὁ δὲ Νικόστρατος μεταποιεῖται ὡς ἰδίων καὶ ἐκείνῳ προσηκόντων οὐδέν. ἐπεὶ δὲ τὸ πρᾶγμα μοχθηρόν ἐστι, διὰ τοῦτο ὁ ῥήτωρ διηγεῖται πηλίκα πέπονθεν ̓Απολλόδωρος ὑπ ̓ ̓Αρεθουσίου, ἵνα δοκῇ μὴ * πρὸς Νικόστρατον περὶ τῶν ̓Αρεθουσίου ἀνδραπόδων. Ζ. b -τίας Kerrich ms. e c yàp Kerrich ms. ad ὡς οὐκ ὄντας Αρεθουσίου, μεταποιοῦνται ὡς Kerrich ms. • [ὁ δὲ Νικόστρατος] Ζ. ' addidit Bekker cum H. Wolf. fom. Z. addidit Dindf. ex 2. Argument 1. ψευδοκλητείας.] See note on § 17. 1. 8. μοχθηρὸν.] * vexatious, sc. συκοφαντικόν. §§ 1-4. (Arethusius has incurred a debt to the public treasury and has neglected to discharge it.) I have accordingly laid an information against him and drawn up a specification of his property. I have been prompted to do so, not by petty and vexatious motives, but by the simple desire to exact vengeance for having been outrageously wronged by Arethusius and his brother Nicostratus. The purity of my motives will be proved, (1) by the small amount 8 ποικίλλα (sic) Kerrich ms. at which the two slaves are valued in the specification (twoand-a-half minae), so that the pecuniary gain to which I am legally entitled for bringing this information is small, while the loss which I should incur, if I fail, is 1000 drachmae, (or four times as great as the value of the slaves). (2) The fact that I have laid the information in my own name, instead of getting a friend to act on my behalf, proves that I am prompted by the personal motive of revenge alone ; content with that revenge, I am willing to waive in favour of the public treasury all claim to the reward which the |
