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or commotion, or military, or usurped power, or by order of any civil authority, or by theft; it is not liable for loss to accounts, bills, currency, deeds, evidences of debt, money, notes, or securities; nor unless liability is specifically assumed, for loss to awnings, bullion, casts, curiosities, drawings, dies, implements, jewels, manuscripts, medals, models, patterns, pictures, scientific apparatus, signs, store or office furniture or fixtures, sculptures, tools, or property held on storage or for repairs; nor, beyond the actual value destroyed by fire, for loss occasioned by ordinance or law regulating construction or repair of buildings, or by interruption of business, manufacturing processes or otherwise; nor for any greater proportion of the value of plate glass, frescoes and decorations than that which this policy shall bear to the whole insurance on the building described.

This rule is imposed by above terms in the standard form of policy prescribed in:

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the provision is that: "Bills of exchange, notes, accounts, evidences and securities, of property of every kind, books, wearing apparel, plate, money, jewels, medals, patterns, models, scientific cabinets and collections, paintings, sculpture, and curiosi

* See note to "Duty to Save and Preserve Property," Rule 1,

page 2.

ties are not included, unless specially mentioned," and the company is liable for "all loss or damage by fire originating from any cause, except invasion, foreign enemies, civil commotions, riots, or any military or usurped power whatever."

In the States where no standard form is prescribed and other than ,those above named, the New York standard form is in general use. Whether caused by a riot or not a question of fact. Royal Ins. Co. v. Martin, 192 U. S. 149, 24 Sup. Ct. Rep. 247. And see Michigan F. & M. Ins. Co. v. Whitelaw, 25 Ohio Cir. 197.

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The exemption of loss caused by order of civil authority is not a warranty under the California Code. Conner v. Manchester Assur. Co., 130 Fed. Rep. 743, C. C. A. The phrase or by theft" refers to theft committed during the fire, or when goods are exposed as a consequence of the fire. Splancher v. Fire Assoc., N. J. L.

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60 Atl. Rep. 232. When a standard form is prescribed by statute and inconsistent provisions prohibited, an additional exception inconsistent with the terms of the policy cannot be added. Wausau Telephone Co. v. United Fireman's Ins. Co., Wis. 101 N. W. Rep. 1100.

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RULE 17.

Specific Exception not Included or Covered by General Description.

The printed exception as to " patterns " is operative notwithstanding policy by written description covers "stock and all other articles usual in a merchant tailor's establishment."

Johnston v. Niagara Ins. Co., 118 N. C. 643, 24 S. E. Rep. 424. And see "Description," Rule 31, and "Construction." That general description does not cover specific exemptions, see also Banyer v. Albany Ins. Co., 85 App. Div. 122, 83 N. Y. Supp. 65.

RULE 18.

When Specific Insurance by Other Policies Excepted. When a policy contains a clause excepting from its liability goods or property as to which the insured shall have specific insurance, it makes no difference whether a separate policy is issued for each risk, or one policy for all risks, each of which is separately identified by the invoice value or by that value plus a certain percentage; such insurance is as much specific insurance as if a separate policy had been issued on each entry or the subject-matter of each invoice.

Peabody v. Liverpool, L. & G. Ins. Co., 171 Mass. 114, 50 N. E. Rep. 526. And see London Assur. Co. v. Paterson, 106 Ga. 538, 32 S. E. Rep. 650, 28 Ins. L. J. 385.

TITLE VI.

Appraisal.

RULE 1. Appraisal as imposed by contract.

2. Rights and duties of both parties - Must be exercised

within reasonable time.

3. Condition precedent.

4. Not necessary to admit liability - Effect of denial of liability.

5. Effort must be made to arrive at amount of loss. Must be actual disagreement.

6. Disagreement must exist as to amount of loss.
7. Insured estopped by his request for appraisal.
8. Must be demand for appraisal Effect of omission
to make it.

9. Demand must be in clear and explicit terms.

10. Agreement for appraisal must follow terms of the

policy.

11. When number of policies all of same form When different.

12. Effect of selection of same appraiser by several companies.

13. Demand for appraisal should be made promptly on disagreement - Waiver.

14. Delay by insured in making demand.

15. Duty of insured as to keeping damaged goods.

16. Demand by registered letter Effect of mailing.

17. Demand for appraisal must include existing losses caused by successive fires.

18. Motive in demand immaterial.

19. Demand cannot be split.

20. Authority of officer of company.

21. Authority of local agent.

22. Insured presumed to know contents of appraisal
agreement Capacity to contract not restricted.
23. Appraisal limited to determination of amount.
24. When loss payable to a mortgagee - Partners.
25. Policy of the law as to place of adjustment and selec-
tion of appraisers and umpire.

26. Exact distance not prescribed.

27. Appraisal clause operative only on damaged property. 28. Demand for exclusive appraisal of saved and damaged property not warranted.

RULE 29. If appraisal includes property wholly consumed,

award conclusive.

30. Duty of both parties to act in good faith - Negotiation for compromise.

31. Good faith in attempted selection of umpire question
of fact.

32. Umpire refusing to act, if company delays new ap-
praisal insured may make his assent conditional.
33. Duty of parties when one of the appraisers refuses
to act.

34. Effect of failure to agree upon umpire when no ques-
tion of fault or good faith.

35. When appraisal fails without fault or misconduct of insurance company.

36. Must be some evidence of bad faith on part of the
company to relieve insured.

37. When appraisal fails without fault of either party.
38. Effect of appraisers' disagreement and refusal to pro-
ceed and failure to agree upon new appraisers -

Element of bad faith.

39. Waiver of right to new appraisal

pany.

Fault of the com

40. Appraisers act in quasi-judicial capacity Should be
free from bias or partiality-Burden of proof.
41. Meaning of disinterested-Appraiser not an agent
Concealment - Parties responsible for his neg-

lect or misconduct.

42. Appraisers are not partisans-Must be impartialAre not representatives of either party.

43. Company must name appraiser who will act promptly -Effect of prevention or delay.

44. Previous employment by insurance company - Concealment or misrepresentation.

45. Facts as to previous employment should not be con

cealed.

46. Appraiser named by insured a public adjuster, partner, or agent Question of fact.

47. Responsibility of parties for neglect or misconduct of appraisers.

48. Appraisers must not delay on account of advice of insured's counsel - Not obliged to follow unsigned directions.

49. Insured bound by his inventory - Effect of fraud by company's adjuster.

RULE 50. Insured entitled to notice and opportunity of being

heard.

51. Appraisers must not proceed secretly or independently If evidence taken, insured must have opportunity of being present.

52. Duties of appraisers substantially same as arbitrators. 53. Appraisal not an ordinary arbitration.

54. Effect of an appraisal required in a standard form of policy.

55. Appraisers not limited to kind or quality of evidence - Experts.

56. Distinction as to evidence when property wholly de-
stroyed or damaged.

57. Appraisers' decision as to application of the descrip-
tion in policy to property in question conclusive.
58. Effect of improper proposal by the company's ap-
praiser.

59. Appraisers must follow agreed submitted schedule.
60. Proceedings not invalid for want of oath by appraisers.
61. Appraisers must follow limitations in policy as to
amount of loss or damage.

62. Allowance must be made for depreciation.

63. Umpire may be selected after commencement of appraisal.

64. When umpire has authority to act.

65. Duty of the umpire.

66. Appraisers have no right to make an additional award. 67. Award binding-Does not depend upon acceptance,

tender, or payment.

68. Award final and conclusive - When rendered void. 69. Courts will not interfere with award-Strong proof required When set aside.

70. Award cannot exceed amount of policy.

71. Award invalid when made by umpire and one of the appraisers, when other withdraws before completion of appraisal.

72. Award binding only to extent of subject-matter submitted.

73. Concealment of material evidence by insured.

74. Award not set aside on evidence of other independent appraisers.

75. Company cannot retain advantage of award obtained. by fraud of adjuster on claim that he had no authority to act.

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