is well "appointed," when all belonging to them is in good order. So here the verb means "to order," "arrange." Cf. 95. 8.

20.

In Materials illust. of reign of Hen. VII. (Rolls Series), we find, p. 26, that Hugh Conway was, on 21 Sept. 1485, appointed for life, keeper of the great wardrobe, by King Henry. a Commissioner of King's mines on 27 Feb. 1486. came into disgrace and was removed from his office.

He was also made
But he afterwards
See 3 Aug. 1487.

23. Among the same entries we find a grant, 29 Sept. 1485, to Sir Richard Guldeford, Knt. of the office of master of the ordnance and master of the armoury, and a grant for life of the houses and grounds upon the wharf of the Tower of London. He has to do with the preparations for the Coronation (23 Octr. 1485). He is made guardian of the property of a Minor (14 July, 1486) and there are numerous entries of payments made to him.

25. in maner=almost, cf. 12. 33; 106. 18, and for an example 51. 4, note.

P. 96, line 2. enfarced, i.e. stuffed full. The more common word is farced. Cf. Jewell, Reply to Harding, p. 233, "The see of Rome, farced up and set out with lies." The verb is the root of force-meat= stuffing.

13. and that he might bee asserteined, &c. = And that he (the King) might be made certain, assured, &c.

25. at one tyme, i.e. at the same time. Thomas, Marques of Dorcester.

This was Thomas Grey, Marquis of Dorset, formerly Earl of Huntingdon, and before that Lord Grey of Groby. See above, 8. 31.

29. Edward Courtenay was earl of Devonshire.

P. 97, line 4. disparkle to scatter, disperse. Cf. Holland, Ammianus, p. 422, Considering a great number of the horsemen were

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disparcled asunder."

10. embatailed, set in battle array. Cf. Shaks. Merry Wives, 11. 2. 260, "Her defences which now are too strongly embattled against me. So Milton, Tractate on Education (Pitt Press Series), p. 17, They have solidly united the whole body of their perfeted knowledge like the last embattelling of a Roman legion."

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21.

to bee come, i.e. to get him unto.

corresponding phrase "whither to be gone."

We feel no difficulty in the

P. 98, line 1. helth. In the wider sense of welfare, security.

4. Peter Curtney, bishop of Exeter, received a grant from Henry VII. on II October 1485, of the temporalities of the see of Salisbury forfeited by Thomas, bishop of Salisbury, through rebellion against the king and his royal dignity. See Mat. Illust. of Reign of Hen. VII. Vol. I. p. 81.

7. John Bourshere had been made Lord Berners in 1455 and he seems to have died about this time, for in 1485, 25 Sept. a bailiff is appointed by Henry VII. over the estates during the minority of his son, who is called Lord Berners. Ibid. 1. 57.

8. Edward Wooduille, Knt. receives a grant for life (16 Sept. 1485), of the office of keeper of the castle and town of Porchester, and

of the survey and government of the town of Portsmouth, and the king's place there. The office had been held by John, earl of Salop. Materials, I. 7.

9. Robert Willoughby. A faithful servant of Henry VII. and greatly trusted by him. Mention is constantly made of him in the Materials above quoted, where his name is the first mentioned. He was made Lord Willoughby in 1485.

Giles Daubeney. Afterwards Lord Daubeney. He was made deputy of Calais by Henry VII.

Thomas Harondell. This may be Thomas Arundel, Knt., Lord Matravers, to whom Henry VII. granted on 6 July, 1486, an annuity of 300 marks. See Materials, 1. 482.

Sir John Cheyne is often mentioned in the Materials, where 1. 151, he is called "the King's full trusty Knight," and a grant is made to Cheyne's servant Roger Penne "for faithful true service done to the king in the parts beyond the sea and ever since." Several persons of the name Cheyne are mentioned, and presumably among them are the "two brothers " of our text.

II.

William Barkely, Knt. of Bernerston was appointed (17 Sept. 1485) "master and operator of the King's monies, and keeper of the King's exchange within the Tower of London, the kingdom of England and the town of Calais." Materials, 1. 7.

Sir William Brandon, who had been "Marshal of the Marshallsie of the King's Bench," but was "so put in drede of his lyfe by Richard, late in deed and not of right, King of England the iiid that he was faine for salvacione of his lyfe to take tuition and priviledge of the seinctuarie of Gloucester and there abode from the second year of the said Richard, unto youre comeing into this realme sovereign lord" was restored to his office by Henry VII. in 1485. Materials, 1. 125.

12. Sir Richard Edgecombe is often mentioned in the early notices of Henry VII. On 20 Sept. 1485, he was made one of the Chamberlains of the Exchequer, and on 7 June 1486 (in consideration of services as well in parts beyond the sea as in the kingdom of England), he received a grant of the manors of Totnesse, Comeworthy, Huesshe, and Lodeswell.

13. John Halwell, Knt. is mentioned as Sheriff of Devon. Materials, I. 549.

Robert (not Edward) Pointz is often mentioned in the Materials, and on 25 Sept. 1485 was made Steward of Barton Hundred, &c. during the minority of Edward, son of George, late duke of Clarence. This seems most likely to be the person intended in the text.

14. Christopher Urswicke. He was for some time master of King's Hall (now Trinity College) in Cambridge. He was chaplain to Lady Margaret, Henry VIIth's mother, and afterwards employed as ambassador by Henry himself.

24. a bondman. It appears from this that villainage, or servitude to the land, had not yet entirely disappeared.

25. his pardon. It was presumed that if he knew enough to turn informer he must be connected with the movements of Buckingham, and so guilty in the eyes of the party of King Richard. He would

therefore be encouraged if it were proclaimed that he should have no punishment.

29. The addition of not which is wanting in the original is clearly needed here for the sense.

32. in all that he might, i.e. as far as ever he could.

P. 99, line 1. to Britain ward.

Brittany.

The coasts that looked toward

8. or for losyng, i.e. for fear of losing.

hym, i.e. the Duke of Buckingham, who had taken refuge with him. Cf. 97. 23.

9. furth-with all.

As one word. We now only use forthwith.

17, behedded. Halle tell us that it was done " 'upon Allsoules

daie.'

20. forbode. By this sentence it is implied that the allegiance of Buckingham to the protector had at one time been such that for his sake he would have disregarded all God's prohibitions. He had served him to the uttermost.

23. Britons. Meaning "soldiers of Brittany." 24. of his departure.

"Of" is not here" for," but the construction is "the appointed day of his departure," "the day of his departure which had been appointed."

P. 100, line 3. Poole. On the coast of Dorsetshire.

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4. harnessed equipped with armour. Cf. Bp. Pilkington's Works, P. 30, David, a young man with a sling and stone, kills Golias so strongly harnessed."

IO. a land. We still say ashore. Cf. line 20, below.

19. cleane, i.e. utterly, altogether. Cf. Bp Pilkington's Works, p. 308, "The wicked worldlings, that have not God afore their eyes, seek clean contrary ways." See 103. 20.

26. arested = rested. A form unusual because of the other word "arrested." But cf. Grafton's Chronicle R. i. anno 8, "When he had arested hym a litel while he then roade...to Notingham."

29. Charles. This was Charles VIII. who reigned from 1483 to 1498. He was the son of Louis XI. who died in 1483.

30. of libertee, i.e. for liberty. Cf. Shaks. Othello, III. 3. 212, "I humbly do beseech you of your pardon." Cf. 102. 11, 107. 7. P. 101, line 8. stomacke courage. Cf. on 5. 6.

15.

Veneti. The town of Vannes in Brittany whence Henry fled afterwards into France.

21.

For frame in the sense of "to go on well," "to succeed," cf. Dodsley, Roister Doister, III. 10,

"Now this year beginneth for to frame."

24. Rhedon, i.e. Rédon, on the river Vilaine, some way south west of Rennes in Brittany.

sent the Marques, i.e. sent the Marquis word, &c.

27. rejoysed, i.e. they rejoiced. This omission of the pronoun is common.

32. prepensed = previously designed or intended. We have the word in "malice prepense."

P. 102, line 3. that. The second that is superfluous.

7. did take hym, i.e. did receive, accept, hold him for king. 11. of. Cf. 100. 30, and note, also 107. 8.

30. reputed and taken, i.e. regarded and esteemed. Cf. 103. 4. P. 103, line 12. neither that she should not. the use of the double negative.

Another instance of

19. borderers. The Englishmen dwelling on the frontier of Scotland.

P. 104, line 8. put theim. Not the ambassadors, but Henry and the lords who were with him.

12. Peter Landose. Landois, the Breton minister, was induced to take the side of Richard by large bribes. See Lingard, IV. 122.

17. desiered hym instantly, i.e. asked him urgently. Cf. Ps. lv. 18, (Pr. Bk.). Also Latimer, Serm. p. 231, "He prayeth now the third time, He did it so instantly, so fervently that it brought out a bloody sweat."

32. took no place = came to no result.

P. 105, line 16. few a counsaill. Few of counsel, i.e. took few into his counsel. Cf. 1. 8; 85. 27.

18.

22.

could.

25.

Penbroucke, i.e. Pembroke.
with al that euer thei might.

With all speed that ever they

Angeow, i.e. Anjou, and so they were in French territory.

P. 106, line 6. recouered reached. Cf. Shaks. Tempest, III. 2. 16, "I swam, 'ere I could recover the shore, five and thirty leagues."

17. in maner in some degree, almost. Cf. Shaks. Rich. II. III. I. II, "You have in manner with your sinful hours made a divorce betwixt his queen and him."

21. takyng the matter so vnkyndely, i.e. being so much grieved. P. 107, line 10. of whom, i.e. by whom.

13. to take no care, i.e. not to be over anxious. The king does not mean that Henry is to be less earnest and diligent in his own cause, but only that he is not to let anxiety press too much on him. Cf. Phil. iv. 6.

17. before spoken. The previous mention was in the continuation of Hardyng, not in More's narrative. John, Earl of Oxford, is constantly mentioned among those to whom grants were made at the commencement of Henry VII.'s reign. See Materials, pp. 23, 31, &c.

19. Hammes. In Andrew Borde's Introduction of Knowledge (E. E. T. S.), p. 147, we have an account of the "welfavered towne of Calys, the which doth stand commod yously for the welth and succor of all Englande. In the whyche towne is good fare and good cheere, and there is good order and polytike men, greate defence and good ordynaunce for warre. The sayde towne hath anexed to it for defence, Gynes, Hammes and Rysbanke, Newman Bridge, and a blocke-howse at Gravelyng in Flanders."

20.

James Blount. In Mat. illus. of Reign of Hen. VII. we find entered 28 Feb. 1486, an indenture between the king and Sir James Blount as to his appointment to be lieutenant of the castle of Hampnes (i.e. Hammes) in the parts of Picardy, and on March 2 of the same year the office was granted to him.

Jhon Forskewe. In the same volume we find, 20 Sept. 1485, that a grant for life was made to John Fortescue knt. of the office of lieutenant of the tower of Ruysbank in the parts of Picardy, with power to appoint officers and soldiers under him for the safe-keeping of the said tower.

P. 108, line 9. knowledge to acknowledge. Cf. Bp. Pilkington's Works, p. 237, "But this could not move them to knowledge him to be their Lord and God."

6

16. bothe more and lesse, i.e. great and small, high and low. Cf. Shaks. Macbeth, V. 4. 12, Both more and less have given him the revolt.' See also Hen. IV. (pt. 1), IV. 3. 68 and (pt. 2) I. 1. 209.

18. Richard Foxe was King Henry VII.'s secretary, then was made bp. of Exeter, Lord Privy Seal, afterwards bp. of Durham and of Winchester. He was a trusted friend of the Lady Margaret, and with Morton, Bray and Daubeney continued to be of great influence through the whole of Henry VII.'s reign.

P. 109, line 1. rested nothyng=nothing remained (to be done). 6. pourge hym of his facte, i.e. purge, clear him of what he had already done.

IO.

menne of grauitee=persons of weight and influence.

21. al things was pardoned. A not unusual violation of concord in the English of this time. Cf. Shaks. Cymb. II. 3. 24, "Those springs on chaliced flowers that lies."

26. To be "in a fool's paradise" is to be beguiled, led away by what is unreal or untrustworthy. Cf. Shaks. Romeo, II. 4. 176, "If ye should lead her into a fool's paradise, as they say, it were a very gross

kind of behaviour.

31. feared, i.e. frightened, deterred. Cf. Pilkington, Works, p. 59," They that will not be overcome by gentleness must be feared with authority."

P. 110, line 10. dyd gather of this, i. e. concluded from what was said by the king in his complaints.

II. Ere it were long after, i.e. before very long.

P. III, line 1. toward, i.e. in connexion with, aiming at. Cf. Shaks. Jul. Cæs., 1. 2. 85, "If it be aught toward the general good." 15. Henry his. A common form for Henry's, from a mistaken idea that the s of the possessive case was a remnant of the pronoun. 32. in a readynesse. We say "in readiness," but the form in the text was anciently the more common. Cf. 2 Cor. x. 6. Also Latimer, Serm., p. 35, "And necessary it is that a kyng have a treasure always in a readiness for that and such other affaires as be dayly in hys handes."

P. 112, line 2. George Strange. This was George Stanley who in 1482 had been created Lord Strange, in right of his wife who was daughter and heiress of William, Lord Strange.