Of the Perfect Stem. Lengkom. Deiz

213

větă-, vět-u-i (in Pers. once vět-ā-vi).

lătě-, (Pr. also lătesc-), lăt-u-i; obmūtě-, (Pr. obmutesc-), obmūt-u-i; nitě-, (Pr. also nitesc-), nit-u-i; innõtě-, (Pr. innotesc-), innot-u-i; oportě-, oport-u-it; poenitěm, poenit-u-it; pătě-, (Pr. also pătesc-), păt-u-i; pūtě-, (Pr. also putesc-), pūt-u-i.

D. candě-, (Pr. also candesc-), cand-u-1; crūdě-, (Pr. crudesc-). crūd-u-i; mådě-, (Pr. also mădesc-), måd-u-i; půdě-, pud-u-it; sorde-, (Pr. also sordesc-), sord-u-i; obsurdě-, (Pr. obsurdesc-), obsurd-u-i.

7

Nasals, Liquids, &c. N. -căn-, -căn-u-i (but căn, cặcăni); găn-, 679 (Pr. gign-), gěn-u-i.

sõnă-, sõn-u-i; tónă-, ton-u-i.

ēminė-, emin-u-1; mõně-, mõn-u-i; sēne- (Pr. usually sēnesc-), sěn-u-i; těně-, těn-u-i; ēvāně- (Pr. ēvānesc-), ēvän-u-i.

L. ål-, ål-u-i; còl-, col-u-i; consúl-, consúl-u-i; mol-, mðl-u-i; öl-, (also olé-), 8l-u-i; vol-, (Pr. inf. velle), võl-u-i.

căle-, (Pr. also călesc-), căl-u-i; calle-, (Pr. also callesc-), call-u-i; coală-, (Pr. coalesc- intrans.; comp. šio trans.), coăl-u-i; dělě-, dôl-u-i; palle-, (Pr. also pallesc-), pall-u-i; silě-, (Pr. also silesc-), sil-u-i; stúde-, stúd-u-i; văle-, (Pr. also vălesc-), văl-uci.

ēvīle-, (Pr. ēvīlesc-), ēvīl-u-i.
săli-, săl-u-i (rarely sălii).
R. sēr-, sěr-u-i.

ārē-, (Pr. also āresc-), är-u-i; căre-, căr-u-1; clāré-, (Pr. also clāresc-), clār-u-1; crēbre-, (Pr. crābresc-), crēbr-u-i; dūrė-, (Pr. dūresc-), dūr-u-i; flörð-, (Pr. also flõresc-), för-u-i; horre-, (Pr. also horresc-), horr-u-i; mātūre-, (Pr. mātūresc-), mātūr-u-i; měrě-, měr-u-i; nigre-, (Pr. also nigresc-), nigr-u-i; pārē-, pār-u-i; terre-, terr-u-i.

ăpěrī-, ăpěr-u-1; opěrī-, opěr-u-i; sări-, săr-u-i (also sărīvi).

s. deps-, deps-u-i: nex-, nex-u-i; pós-, (Pr. põn-), pos-u-1; tex-, tex-u-i.

cense-, cens-u-1; tors-, (Pr. torrè-), torr-u-L

Semivowels. ferv- (also fervě- and ferve-sc-), ferb-u-1 (also fervi).

680

681

iv. (6) Perfect stem formed by suffixing » (consonant).

The consonantal v is suffixed to vowel stems only (except pasco?), and the preceding vowel is always long.

682

All regular verbs with stems in ā- or i- (unless otherwise mentioned) have their perfect stem formed in this way. So also

Labials. cŭpi-, (Pr. củpi-, except once cupīret), cupī-v-i; săpl-, (Pr. săpi-), sapi-v-i.

Dentals. pěti-, (Pr. pět-), peti-v-i; růdī-, (Pr. růd-), rudī-v-i.

Sibilant, arcessã-, (Pr. arcess-), arcessi-v-i; căpessi-, (Pr.capess-), capessi-v-i; făcessi-, (Pr. facess-), facessī-v-i; incessí-, (Pr. incess-), incessi-v-i; lăcessi-, (Pr. lacess-), lacessi-v-i; posi-, (Pr. pon-), pozī-v-i (always in Plaut., Ter., also in Cato, Catull.: for posui see 8 680); quæsi-, (Pr. quær-), quæsī-v-i.

păs-, (Pr. pasc-, for pas-sc-), pā-v-i (cf. § 93. 2).
Monosyllabic vowel verbs: (also oleo, quiesco).
A. să-, (Pr. sěr-), sē-v-i; strā-, (Pr. stern-), strā-v-i.
0. no-, (Pr, nosc-), no-v-1.

U. fu- ($ 719), fű-v-i (Plaut. but usually fui); comp. plu($ 648), plūvi (also plui).

E. crēm, (Pr. cer-n-), crē-v-i; crē-, (Pr. cre-sc-), crē-v-i; Ala-, fie-v-i; dēlē-, delē-v-i; nē-, në-v-1; -ělē- (e.g. abole-sc-o, adole-sc-o, obsole-sc-0), -ölē-v-i; -ple-,-pie-v-i; quiēc, (Pr. quiesc-), quie-v-i; sprē-, (Pr. sper-n-), sprē-v-i; svē- (Pr. sve-sc-), svē-v-i.

I. ci-, (Pr. cię-, also cī-), cī-v-1; 1-, (Pr. ind. ist pers. eo), 1-v-i; 11-, (Pr. lin-), 17-v-i and lē-v-i; qui-, (Pr. ind. ist pers. queo), qui-v-1; sci-, (Pr. sci-sc-; besides the regular i verb, scio), sci-v-i; sia, (Pr. sin-), sī-v-; tri-, (Pr. těr-), trī-v-i (cf. $ 678).

683

v. Perfect stem, same as present stem. This is frequent (1) in the compounds of verbs of which the simple has a reduplicated perfect (see Chap. xxx.); (2) by the dropping of v, in perfects, in -īvi, -ēvi, -āvi (see SS 661, 662); (3) regularly in verbs with -u stems, which with other, chiefly consonantal, stems are here named:

Labials. bib-, bibi; lamb-, lambi.
Gutturals. ic-, ici.

langv-e, langvi (cf. $ 669); conigvě-, (Pr. conīve-), conivi (also conīxi).

Dentals. T. vert-, vert-i.

D. -cand-, -cand-i; cûd-, cũd-1; -fend-, -fend-1; fid-, (Pr. ind.), fid-1 (probably for fèrid-1); mand-, mand-i; pand-, pandi; prehend-, prehend-1; scand-, scand-i; scid-, (Pr. scind-), suid-1 (scicid-i old); sīd-, sīdi-; retund-, retundi.

58.4

Liquids and Sibilants.
L. psall-, psall-i; võl-, (Pr. vell-), vell-1 (rarely vulsi).
R.

verr-, verr-i. compěr-i-, compěr-1; reperi-, répper-i (both probably componnds of a perfect pěpěri).

S. pins-, (also pīs-), pins-i; vis-, vīs-1,
Vowels.
U, vowel and consonant.

ăcū-, acu-i; argu-, argu-i; bātu-, batū-i; exū-, exu-i; fu-, fu-i (in Plautus sometimes fū-vi); grū-, gru-l; imbū-, imbu-i; indú-, indu-i; lũ-, lu-i; mětū-, mětu-i; minū-, minu-i; plū-, plu-i, also plūvi; nū-, nu-i; spū-, spu-i; stătū-, stătu-i; sternū-, sternu-i; su-, su-i; tribū-, tribu-i.

solv-, solv-i; volv-, volv-i. ferve-, ferv-i (also ferbui).

I. ădi-, (Pr. ind. ist pers. sing. adeo), ădi-i; so usually the compounds of eo; inqui-, (Pr. ind. inquam), inquii; sălī-, sal-i-i (rare, usually sălui).

Among those verbs which have no perfect active in use 685 the following non-derivative verbs may be mentioned.

Labials. glüb-.
Gutturals. C. fătisc-; gli-sc-; hi-sc-.
ămic-i (see however Chap. xxx.).
G. ang-; clang-; frig-; ling-; verg-.

Dentals. D. fid-, (fisus sum); frend-. aud-e, (ausus sum).

Liquids. fér-, (Pr. inf. ferre: perfect in use, tåli); für-; gavid-, (Pr. gāud-e-, gavisus sum).

Powels. E. vi-e-.
I ai-, (Pr. ind. aio); fl-, (Pr. ind, fio).

CHAPTER XXIV.

OF THE SUPINE STEM.

The supine stem has a common base with the stem of the past 686 and the future participles, and that of some verbal substantives, to which class the supines themselves belong; e.g. supine, ama-t-u-; past part. amā-t-o-; fut. part. amā-t-üro-; subst. denoting agent, amā-t-or-; denoting action amā-t-ion. This common base, which will be here spoken of as the supine stem, is -t- suffixed to the stem of the verb. When the verb-stem ends in a vowel, the vowel is, if long, generally retained; if short, almost always changed, (except in monosyllables), to i (§ 241), or omitted altogether. À few verbs which have a consonant stem, have -It- instead of -t in the supine, as if from a vowel stem. When the verb-stem ends in a consonant, or loses its final vowel, the -t is, when following certain consonants, changed to -8. A few other instances of this softening admit of special explanation.

The verbs here will be classified according as they do or do not exhibit a vowel before the supine suffix, and, subordinately to that, according to the final vowel or consonant of the verb stem.

N.B. The supine itself will be here named whenever either supine, past participle, or verbal substantive in -tu exists: otherwise such other form from the same base, as does exist.

I.

i. Verbs with a vowel preceding the supine suffix. 687

A. Verbs having à in supine stem; na- (for gěnă? Pr. inf. nasci), nātum; strā-, (Pr. stern-), strā-tum; tlā-, (Pr. toll-), lā-tum; àmā-, ämā-tum; and all other verbs with derivative ā stems.

frică-, fricā-tum (also fric-tum); mică-, -micā-tum; něcă-, něcā-tum (but cf. $ 700); sěcă-, secăturus (once).

Verbs having -ă in supine stem; dă-, dă-tum; ră-, (Pr. inf. 688 rēri: for the vowel, cf. § 668), rătum; să-, (Pr. sēr-), să-tum; stă-, (Pr. inf. stāre; also sistěré), stă-tum (but in some compounds stā-turus).

2.

9

2

3. Verbs having -1 (for -ă) in supine stem; crèpă-, crepi-tum; căbă-, (Pr. also cumb-), cúbi-tum; domă-, domi-tum; -plică -, -plicitum (also plică-tum); sõnă-, sõni-tum (sonā-turus, once); tónă-, toni-tum (intonā-tus, once); větă-, věti-tum.

In Jůvă-, jū-tum (rarely juvā-turus); lăvă- (also lăv-), lau-tum; the I is absorbed by the v preceding.

0. no-, (Pr. nosc-), nõ-tum; põ-, (whence potare frequentative) 689 põ-tůs; cognò- (cf. § 647), (so also agno-), cogni-tum.

I.

2.

I.

U. Verbs having û in supine stem; ăcū-, ăcū-tum; argū., 692 argū-tum; dilű-, dilů-tum; exū-, exū-tum; glū- (Pr. glūtā-, frequentative) glū-tus, adj.; imbū-, imbū-tum; indū-, indù-tum; metű-, metů-tum (Lucr. once); minū-, minū-tum; -nū-, nū-tum (abnuiturus in Sall.); spū-, spū-tum; stătū-, stătu-tum; sū-, sū-tum ; tribū-, tribū-tum; tū- (Pr. tue- usually), tū-tum.

1dqv-, locũ-tum; seqv-, sěcū-tum; solv-, solů-tum; volv-, volutum. fru- (for frugv-) has rarely frustūrus (usually, fruc-tum).

Verbs having -ŭ in supine stem; rů-, ră-tum, (but rūtum 691 according to Varr.; fut. part. is rui-tūrus); pă-, (whence půtāre frequentative), pů-tus (adj.); clă-, (almost always clue-), -clútum (inclatus).

E. Verbs having -ē in supine stem; crē-, (Pr. cern-, also 692 Pr. cresc-), crētum; delē-, delē-tum; fê-, (Pr. fētā-, frequentative), fe-tus (adj.); le-, fle-tum; nē-, nē-tum (Ulp.); -ole- (Pr. obs-, exolesc-), -817-tum; -plē-, plē-tum; quiē-, quiē-tum; svē-, (Pr. svesc-), svētum; sprē-, (Pr. spern-), sprē-tum.

Verbs having -ě in supine stem; vègè-, végě-tus (adj.); 693 viều, viế-tum (Hor, but viẽ-tum Ter. Lucr.).

3. Verbs having I (for -ě) in supine stem; ăbðle-, åböli-tum ; căli-, căli-turus; cări-, cări-turus; doli-, dðli-turus; exerce-, exercitum; håbě- (and compounds dēbě, præbě-), håbi-tum; jăcè-, jăciturus; licě-, lici-tum; lůbě-, lůbi-tum; měrě-, měri-tum; misère-, misëri-tum (rarely misertum); mõně-, moni-tum; nocè-, nổci-tum; pāré-, pari-turus; pige-, pigi-tum; plăce-, plăci-tum; půdě-, půditum; sðle-, soli-tum; tăce-, tăci-tus (adj.); terré-, terri-tum; văle-, vali-turus; věrě-, veri-tum. Sorbě- has subst. sorbi-tio.

căvě-, căvi-tum (old: usually cau-tum); făvě-, fau-tum (for favi- 694 tum; cf. făvitor Plaut.). So also fövě-, fo-tum; mövě-, mõ-tum; vově-, võtum.

2.

ܪ