οὔτε πλέον ἂν ἦν ὑμῖν συκοφαντοῦσιν οὐδὲν, ἀλλ ̓ εἰ 7 ἠνέγκατε τότε μάρτυρα καὶ ἐπεμαρτύρασθε, νῦν ἀπέ φαινεν ἂν ἐκεῖνος εἰδὼς ἀκριβῶς ὅπως εἶχεν ἕκαστα τούτων, καὶ τοὺς ῥᾳδίως τούτους μαρτυροῦντας ἐξήλεγχεν. ἀνθρώπου δ', οἶμαι, τηλικούτου καὶ ἀπείρου τῶν πραγμάτων ἅπαντες καταπεφρονήκατέ μου. ἀλλ ̓ ἐγὼ πρὸς ἅπαντας τούτους, ὦ ἄνδρες ̓Αθηναῖοι, τὰς αὐτῶν πράξεις ἰσχυροτάτας μαρτυρίας παρέχομαι. διὰ τί γὰρ οὐδεὶς οὔτ ̓ ἐπεμαρτύρατο οὔτ ̓ ἐνεκάλεσεν, ἀλλ ̓ οὐδ ̓ ἐμέμψατο πώποτε, ἀλλ ̓ ἐξήρκει ταῦτ ̓ αὐτοῖς ἠδικημένοις περιορᾶν ; 202 e-e Bekk. (Berlin). om. εἰ ἠνέγκατενῦν Z et Bekk. (st. Leipsig ed.) cum ΣΙΑ Α. (‘ἐκεῖνος pater est' Ζ.) f Bekk. (Berlin) cum A1A5. ΕΣΦΒ. 8 Bekk. εἰ ἠνέγκατε — ἐπεμαρτύρασθε, νῦν.] If (with Dindorf and G. H. Schaefer) we retain these words, ἐκεῖνοs will refer to ὁ μάρτυς ; if (with the Zurich editors and the higher manuscript authority) we omit them, it can only refer to ὁ πατὴρ (Tisias, who was no longer alive). The latter makes quite as good sense as the former; if we lose the antithesis between ὁ μάρτυς and τοὺς ῥᾳδίως μαρτυροῦντας, we gain the contrast between the father who would certainly have held his own and the son whose youth and inexperience are held fair game by the plaintiff's party (τηλικούτου-καταπεφρονήκατε). 7. ῥᾳδίως.] only too readily,' 'recklessly,' 'at random.' Plat. Apol. p. 24 c, ῥᾳδίως εἰς ἀγῶνας καθιστὰς ἀνθρώπους, Leg. 917 Β, θεῶν ὀνόματα μὴ χραίνειν ῥᾳδίως, Meno 94 Ε, ῥᾳδίως και κῶς λέγειν ἀνθρώπους. τούτους.] The reading τού τοις, accepted by the Zurich τούτοις Z et Bekk. st. cum αὐτῶν Ζ. editors, is open to the objection that between κατεδιητήσασθε in the previous and καταπεφρονήκατε in the subsequent context, we expect, not the third person τούτοις, but the second person ὑμῖν, just as above we have οὐδὲν πλέον ἂν ἦν ὑμῖν. If we retain the doubtful words at the beginning of § 7, the argument in favour of τούτους is yet stronger, and τούτοις is then still less defensible. (melior vulgata lectio, τούτους, μάρτυρας scilicet, Seager, Class sical Journal, 1825, no. 61 p.63). τηλικούτου.] more commonly of great age (tantae aetatis), but here of extreme youth (tantulae aetatis). Soph. Εl. 614, ἥτις τοιαῦτα τὴν τεκοῦσαν ὕβρισεν, καὶ ταῦτα τηλικοῦτος (sc. οὖσα). Antig. 726. Plat. Apol. 25 D, τοσοῦτον σὺ ἐμοῦ σοφώτερος εἰ τηλικούτου ὄντος (so old, of Socrates) τηλικόσδε ὤν (so young, of Meletus). ἐξήρκει-περιορᾶν. ] 'they were content to submit to these 8 9 Ἐγὼ τοίνυν ἱκανὰ μὲν ἡγοῦμαι καὶ ταῦτ ̓ εἶναι 127 πρὸς τὴν τούτων κατηγορίαν. ἵνα δ ̓ εἰδῆτε, ὦ ἄνδρες Αθηναῖοι, καὶ περὶ τῶν ἄλλων, ὡς οὔθ ̓ ὁ πατὴρ οὐδὲν ἠδίκει περιοικοδομῶν τὸ χωρίον οὗτοί τε κατεψευσμέ νοι πάντ ̓ εἰσὶν ἡμῶν, ἔτι σαφέστερον ὑμᾶς πειράσομαι διδάσκειν. τὸ μὲν γὰρ χωρίον ὁμολογεῖται καὶ παρ' αὐτῶν τούτων ἡμέτερον ἴδιον εἶναι· τούτου δ' ὑπάρχοντος, ὦ ἄνδρες Αθηναῖοι, μάλιστα μὲν ᾔδειτε ἂν ἰδόντες τὸ χωρίον ὅτι συκοφαντοῦμαι. διὸ καὶ τοῖς wrongs. The dative ἠδικημένοις subordinate to περιορᾶν, follows the case of αὐτοῖς, which again depends on εξήρκει. Cf. Οr. 54 §§ 16 and 44. Or. 3 § 23, εὐδαίμοσιν ὑμῖν ἔξεστι γίγνεσθαι. Madvig Gk. Synt. § 158 2) 3). ταῦτ', acc. after ἠδικημένοις.— περιοράν, a verb characteristic of Greek prose and comedy (Porson on Eur. Med. 284 and Cobet var. lect. p. 338). §§ 8, 9. I contend that my father had a perfect right to build the enclosure, as even the plaintiff himself admits that the land is our own property. This being admitted, a personal inspection would in itself have sufficed to shew the jury how groundless the present action is. And this was why I wanted (and my opponents refused) to submit the matter to the arbitration of impartial persons who knew the neighbourhood. Failing this, I must ask the jury for their closest attention while I describe the position of the properties in question. 8. ove'...TE] Or. 54 § 26, Madv. Gk. Synt. § 208. ἡμέτερον ἴδιον] our own pri vate property,' stronger than ἡμέτερον. So in § 13. — The grammarian Priscian, who cu riously regards tolos as an exact εἰδόσιν ἐπιτρέπειν ἐβουλόμην ἐγώ, τοῖς ἴσοις. ἀλλ ̓ οὐχ οὗτοι, καθάπερ νυνὶ λέγειν ἐπιχειροῦσι· δῆλον δ' ὑμῖν καὶ τοῦτ ̓ αὐτίκ ̓ ἔσται πᾶσιν. ἀλλὰ προσέχετε, το ὦ ἄνδρες Αθηναῖοι, πρὸς Διὸς καὶ θεῶν τὸν νοῦν. τοῦ γὰρ χωρίου τοῦ τ ̓ ἐμοῦ καὶ τοῦ τούτων τὸ μέσον ὁδός ἐστιν, ὄρους δὲ περιέχοντος κύκλῳ τοῖς χωρίοις τὸ μέσον Z et Bekk. st. cum Σ (prima manu). h Bekk. (Berlin). ἑτοῖμοι ἦμεν ἐπιτρέπειν τοῖς εἰδόσιν, ἴσοις καὶ κοινοῖς. Or. 40 $ 40, διαιτητῇ ἐπέτρεψα. On 'private arbitrators' see note on Οr. 54 § 26 ή δίαιτα. In the present instance, the consent of the speaker's opponents was essential, and he insists (for all they urge to the contrary) that it was to their refusal that the failure of his attempt to secure an amicable settlement must be ascribed. οὐχ οὗτοι.] ἐπιτρέπειν ἐβούλοντο.-In the next sentence ὑμῖν and πᾶσι go together, καὶ emphasizing τοῦτο. προσέχετε—τὸν νοῦν.] ‘I implore the jury, in the name of all that's sacred, to give me their best attention.' The earnestness of this appeal (πρὸς Διὸς καὶ τῶν θεῶν) is explained by the fact that unless the jury clearly understood the topographical details which here follow, the remainder of the speech would be almost unintelligible, and what applies to the original hearers holds equally good for the modern reader. The defendant has just informed the court that an actual inspection of the premises would have been decisive in his favour; he therefore naturally endeavours to compensate for that disadvantage by giving his audience a distinct description of the relative situation of the properties of the P. S. D. ΙΙ. contending parties. [In modern courts a map or plan made by a surveyor would be produced. P.] §§ 10, 11. The estate of my opponents is separated from my own by a public road, and both are surrounded by a tract of mountainous country. Thus, the drainage from the hills flows partly into our properties, partly on to the road, and in the latter case, it is either carried down the road itself; or, if anything stops its course, it inundates the properties. On one occasion, the water made an inroad into what was subsequently my father's property, and, owing to neglect, made more and more way. cordingly my father, on coming into possession, built this wall to protect his land from the encroachments of his neighbours as well as from the inroad of the water. Ac καταρρέον ὕδωρ τῇ μὲν εἰς τὴν ὁδὸν, τῇ δ' εἰς τὰ χωρία συμβαίνει φέρεσθαι. καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῦτ ̓ εἰσπῖπτον εἰς τὴν ὁδόν, ᾗ μὲν ἂν εὐοδῇ, φέρεται κάτω κατὰ τὴν ὁδόν, ᾗ δ ̓ ἂν ἐνστῇ τι, τηνικαῦτα τοῦτ ̓ εἰς τὰ χωρία ὑπεραί11 ρειν ἀναγκαῖον ἤδη. καὶ δὴ κατὰ τοῦτο τὸ χωρίον, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, γενομένης ἐπομβρίας συνέβη τὸ ὕδωρ ἐμβαλεῖν· ἀμεληθὲν δὲ οὔπω τοῦ πατρὸς ἔχοντος 1 + ἐνίοτε Bekk. (Berlin). be taken with περιέχοντος κύκλῳ which would require an accusative, nor again with καταρρέον as we should then expect TO τοῖς χωρίοις καταρρέον ὕδωρ, which indeed is actually printed in Reiske's Index Graecitatis (with the explanation id est εἰς τὰ χωρία). Reiske's erroneous quotation may account for this passage being cited in Liddell and Scott as an instance ef καταρρεῖν ‘c. dat. to rush down to a place.' A better explanation is either to construct it with συμβαίνει, (which however is objectionable on account of the repetition of τὰ χωρία in the same sentence, or, better still, to understand it as a kind of dativus incommodi: in the latter case we might render as follows: 'between their property and mine there is a road; a hilly district encircles both; and unfortunately for the properties the water that flows down runs (it so happens) partly into the road, partly into the properties." [[ should regard χωρίοις as the dative in relation to position; as these tarms have mountains enclosing them on every side.' P.] καὶ δὴ καὶ. ] ' and in particular. After making a general reference to τὸ καταρρέον ὕδωρ, the speaker narrows his description to the water which runs down the road. In the next section again, καὶ δὴ limits the subject still further to the water which on a special occasion made inroad into his own property. ᾗ ἂν εὐοδῇ.] 'wherever it has a free course.' Arist. gen. anim. I. 18, ῥεῖ ὅπου ἂν εὐοδήσῃ τοῦ σώματος and (as a passive in intransitive sense) ib. II, 4, εὐοδεῖται μᾶλλον. Cf. infra § 11, τὸ ὕδωρ...μᾶλλον ὡδοποίει. ᾗ ἂν ἐστῇ τι.] ‘wherever anything stands in the way'-' any obstacle intervenes.' Plat. Phaedo, 77 Β., ἔτι ἐνέστηκεν (instat, obstat) τὸ τῶν πολλῶν (of an objection in argument, ĕvστασις). τηνικαῦτα κ.τ.λ.] ' why! thereupon it must of course overflow the properties. τηνικαῦτα, though almost always used of time, occasionally (as here after ᾖ, which indicates place) bears a more general meaning, 'in that case,' 'under these circumstances.' 11. ἀμεληθὲν] It seems best to regard this as an accusative neuter absolute ('neglect having ensued'), and not to take it αὐτὸ, ἀλλ' ἀνθρώπου δυσχεραίνοντος ὅλως τοῖς τόποις καὶ μᾶλλον ἀστικοῦ, δὶς καὶ τρὶς ἐμβαλὸν τὸ ὕδωρ τά τε χωρία ελυμήνατο καὶ μᾶλλον ωδοποίει. διὸ δὴ ταῦθ ̓ ὁ πατὴρ ὁρῶν, ὡς ἐγὼ τῶν εἰδότων ἀκούω, καὶ τῶν γειτόνων ἐπινεμόντων ἅμα καὶ βαδιζόντων with τὸ ὕδωρ, much less with αὐτὸ, i.e. τὸ χωρίον. So in Plat. Phaedr. 265 D, ορισθὲν 'it having been defined.' Or. 50 (Polycl.) § 12, προσταχθέν. (Kühner § 487, 3, and Goodwin's Moods and Tenses § 110. 2). In translating, we can best bring out the sense by reserving ἀμεληθὲν to a later point in the English sentence, and rendering the clause οὔπω... ἔχοντος as though it contained the principal verb. Thus : 'now my father was not yet in possession of the property, but a man who disliked the neighbourhood and preferred town life; accordingly neglect ensued, and the water...made more and more way.'-For ὡδοποίει, cf. supra § 10, εὐοδῇ. [Βy μᾶλλον ὡδοποίει, the speaker wishes to shew how the rain had made a way for itself almost amounting to a χαράδρα, though he denies the existence of any recognised χαράδρα by the road-side in § 16. P.] ὁρῶν...ἐπινεμόντων.] For the nominative participle combined with the genitive absolute, cf. Thuc. VIII. 45, 'Αλκιβιάδης τοῖς Πελοποννησίοις ὕποπτος ὢν καὶ ἀπ' αὐτῶν ἀφικομένης ἐπιστολῆς ...ὑποχωρεῖ (Goodwin's Moods and Tenses § 111). τῶν γειτόνων—χωρίου] * as the neighbours also (ἅμα) encroached and trespassed on the property.” ἐπινέμειν and ἐπινομία are specially used of turning cattle on to a neighbour's land, for pasture. Hence the metaphorical use of the word in Aesch. Αg. 485, πιθανὸς ἀγαν ὁ θῆλυς ὅρος ἐπινέμεται ταχύπορος. Among other words compounded with eml and used of encroachments on the debateable borderland of two countries, or on the boundaries of adjacent properties, we have ἐπεργάζεσθαι and ἐπεργασία. We In Plato's Laws (pp. 843-4) there is a long and interesting passage, in which the annoyances caused by neighbours are dwelt upon, and suggestions made for legal remedies. transcribe these portions only which illustrate the clause before us, and indeed the speech in general. p. 844 Β. βλάβαι πολλαὶ καὶ σμικραί γειτόνων γιγνόμεναι, διὰ τὸ θαμίζειν ἔχθρας ὄγκον μέγαν ἐντίκτουσαι, χαλεπὴν καὶ σφόδρα πικρὰν γειτονίαν ἀπεργάζονται. διὸ χρὴ πάντως εὐλαβεῖσθαι γείτονα γείτονι μηδὲν ποιεῖν διάφορον, τῶν τε ἄλλων πέρι καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐπεργασίας ξυμπάσης σφόδρα διευλαβούμενον... ὃς δ ̓ ἂν ἐπεργάζηται τὰ τοῦ γείτονος ὑπερβαίνων τοὺς ὅρους, τὸ μὲν βλάβος ἀποτινέτω, τῆς δὲ ἀναιδείας ἅμα καὶ ἀνελευθερίας ἕνεκα ἰατρευόμενος διπλάσιον τοῦ βλάβους ἄλλο ἐκτισάτω τῷ βλαφ θέντι...καὶ ἐάν τις βοσκήματα ἐπινέμῃ, τὰς βλάβας (ἀγρονόμοι) ὁρῶντες κρινόντων καὶ |