Page images
PDF
EPUB

Es in pres. ind. is always long in Plaut., Terence.

72C

When est came after a vowel or m, the e was omitted both in 721 speaking and writing (nata st, natum st, oratio st). So e. g. in Cicero, and (according to L. Müller) always both in scenic and dactylic verse. The same was not unfrequently the case with es after a vowel, and perhaps after m also; e.g. nacta's, lignum's. In the comic writers a short final syllable in s also coalesces with est; e.g. factust, opust, similist, for factus est, opus est, similis est; occasionally with es; e. g. nactu's, simili's, for nactus es, similis es. (Ritschl.)

An old form for the fut. indic. was escit, escunt; (apparently an 722 inchoative form). It is found once in Lucretius.

The form for the pres. subj. siem, &c. (§ 590) is frequent in Plautus, Terence, and early inscriptions; Cicero speaks of it as used in his time (Orat. 47, § 157). Fuam, &c. is also frequent in Plautus and other scenic poets, except Terence, who like Vergil uses it once only. The compounds occasionally have -sies, -siet, -sient.

The perf. and tenses formed from it are in Plautus occasionally 723 fuvit, füverit, &c.

Like sum are inflected its compounds, viz. absum (perf. abfui or 724 afui), adsum or assum (perf. adfui or affui), desum (de-est, de-eram, &c. pronounced dēst, dēram, &c.), insum, intersum, obsum, præsum (3rd pers. sing. præst), prōsum (prōd- before a vowel; e.g. prod-es, prod-ero), subsum, supersum. Of these adsum and præsum alone have a present participle absens, præsens.

Possum, I can, compounded of pote sum, usually retains the 725 t before a vowel (e.g. pot-es, põt-est, põtestis, pot-ero, poteram), but assimilates it before s (e.g. possumus, possunt, &c.). The imperf. subj. is pos-sem, inf. posse (in Plaut. potessem, potesse), perf. ind. potui (probably for potīvi, the perfect of an active form of potior: comp. posivi, posui). It has no participle, potens being used merely as an adjective, powerful. Possiem, possies, &c. later possim, possīs, &c. are frequent in Plautus and Terence.

The full forms, potis sum, es, est, eram, ero, sim, &c. are found in præ-Augustan poets; especially potis est in Terence, Lucretius, and once in Vergil; pote fuisset once in Ter. Potis and pote are also used as direct predicates without the verb.

Potestur, possitur, poteratur, are quoted as used occasionally with passive infinitive in early writers (Pacuvius, Cal., Ant. &c.).

[blocks in formation]

Of these verbs Do alone has a passive voice. The forms der and demur are not actually found anywhere.

For the subjunctive forms duim, &c. see § 589.

727

In præ-Augustan language the 3rd pers. sing. and 2nd pers. plural was 728 volt, voltis. In conversational language si vis, si vultis became sīs, sultis.

For non vis, non vult Plautus has frequently něvis, něvult; on the other hand, for nolis, nolit, nolint, nollem he has sometimes the full forms non velis, &c. (In Martial Ix. 7 nonvis occurs.)

Also in Plautus frequently mavŏlo (once also in Terence), māvölet, mavělim, mavelis, mavelit, mavellem.

[blocks in formation]

Ambio is the only compound of eo, which is inflected regularly like a verb of the fourth conjug.

730

Futurus sim, fore, futurus esse, frequently supply the place of parts of fio, 731 Fierem, fieri, in Plautus and Terence often have the stem i long.

Of the compounds with prepositions the following forms occur: confit, confieret, confierent, confieri; defit, defiunt (Gell.), defiet, defiat, defieri; ecfieri; infit, interfiat, interfieri; superfit, superfiat, superfieri.

In the passive we find estur for editur (3 pres. ind.), and essē- 732 tur (once in Varr.) for ěděrētur (3 pers. imperf. subj.). The contracted forms are also found from comědo, and some (exest, exesse, exesset) from exědo.

Quĕo, něqueo, are declined like eo, but have no imperative, par- 733 ticiple, or gerund. (Nequeuntis is quoted once from Sallust.) Only the present indic. and subj. are at all frequent.

Quis and quit (pres. act.) are only used after non, as non quis (for nequis), nonquit (for nequit). With the passive infinitive there are a few instances in early writers of passive forms, nequita est, nequitur. Cf. § 725.

CHAPTER XXIX.

LIST OF DEPONENT VERBS.

THE following verbs are used as deponents. Sometimes they, 734 especially the past participle, are used in a passive as well as an active sense. Instances of this are here mentioned. Sometimes the deponent use is exceptional, and the active form with corresponding passive usual. Such deponents have here the name of the authors, who use them, simply appended. A few rare words are omitted. Compounds also are usually omitted.

Adjūtari (Pac., Afran.; adjūtare Plaut., Ter.); ădulari (adulāre Lucr., Cic. poet.); æmulāri; altercāri (altercāre Ter.); alucināri; ampullari; ancillāri (old); āpisci (pass. once, Plaut.; so ǎdeptus Sall., Ovid, &c.; indipiscère Plaut.); ǎprīcāri; ăquari; arbitrāri (pass., Plaut., Cic. once; arbitrare Plaut.); architectări; argumentäri; argūtāri; aspernāri; assentīri (also pass., and assentire frequent in Cic., also Ov., Tac.); assentāri; auctiōnāri; aucăpāri (aucupāre scenic poets); augurāri (augurāre, Plaut. &c., Verg.; auguratus pass., Cic., Liv.); auspicari (auspicāre early writers; auspicatus pass., Ter., Cic., Liv.); auxiliari; bacchari; baubari; bellāri (Verg.); blandiri (eblanditus pass. Cic.); călumniari; calvi; căvillāri; causāri; circulări; cōmissāri; comĭtāri (passive Lucr., Ov., Plin.; pass. part. frequently Cic., Liv. &c.; comitāre Ov.); commentāri (pass. part. Cic.); comminisci (pass. part. Ovid); communīcāri (Liv.); compèriri (Ter., Sall.); experiri (pass. part. Cic., Liv. frequently, Tac.); contiōnāri; conflictari (rarely as pass.; conflictare Ter.); cōnāri; consiliari; conspicări (pass.Sall.); contechnāri; contemplari (contemplare Plaut. often); convīciāri; convīvāri; crīmināri (pass. Cic.; criminare Plaut.); cunctāri (pass. part. impers.

[ocr errors]

Tac.); despicāri (pass. part. Plaut., Ter.); digladiāri; dignāri (dignare Att., Cic. poet.; pass. part. Cic., Verg.); dominari; elucubrāri (rare); ĕpălări; expergisci; execrāri (pass. part. Cic.); făbrIcări (Plaut., Corn., Cic., Tac.; pass. Quintil.; part. pass. Ov., Liv., Suet., Tac.; fabricare Hor., Ov., Sen. &c.); fābŭlāri; fămŭlāri; fătēri (pass. Cic.?); confītēri (part. pass. Cic., Sen., Quint., &c.); profiteri (part. pass. Ov., Sen.); fătisci (Lucr.); fēnĕrāri (part. pass. Plaut., Ter., Scævol.; fenerare Ter., Sen., Plin., &c.); feriāri; fluctuāri (Liv., Sen.; fluctuare Plaut., Corn., Cic., Verg.); fāri (effatus pass. Cic., Liv.); frumentāri; frunisci (old); frui; frustrări (pass. Sall., pass. part. Vell.; frustrare once Plaut.,); fruticări (Cic.; fruticare Col., Plin.); fungi (perfunctum pass. Cic.); fūrāri; gesticŭlāri; glōriāri; grådi; græcāri; grassāri; grātificări; grātāri; grātŭlāri; grăvări; hăriōlāri; hēluāri; hortāri1; hospitāri; jăcălări; imāgināri; imitāri (pass. part. Cic. poet., Ov., Quint.); infitiari; injūriāri; insidiari; interprétari (pass. part. Cic., Liv., &c.); jōcāri; īrasci; jurgāri (Hor., jurgare Ter., Cic.); jŭvěnāri; lābi; lætāri; lamentāri; largīri; latrōcīnāri; lēnōcināri; libīdināri; 11cēri; līcītāri; lignāri; löqvi; lucrări; luctāri (luctare Enn., Plaut., Ter.); lūdificări (ludificare and pass. Plaut. often); lüxăriāri (usually luxuriare); māchināri (part. pass. Sall.); mandücări (old); mātĕriāri; mēdēri; mědicāri (medicare more common); měditāri (pass. part. Plaut., Cic., Liv., Tac.); mendicări (Plaut.; oftener mendicare); mentiri (pass. part. Ov., Quint., Plin.; ementitus pass. Cic.); mercări (pass. part. Prop., Plin.); měrēri, to deserve (frequent; rarely to earn; měrēre just the reverse: of the compounds emerere, commerere are more frequent than the deponent forms); mētīri (part. pass. Cat., Cic.); mētāri (part. pass. Hor., Liv.); minitāri (minitare Plaut. rarely); mināri (interminatus pass. Hor.); mīrāri; misĕrāri; misèrēri (miserēre Lucr.; cf. ch. xxx.); modĕrāri (pass. part. Cic., Sall.); modŭlāri (pass. part. Ov., Suet., &c.); mœchāri; mōliri; mōrigērāri; mōri; mòrāri (morare Plaut. rarely); mūnērāri (also munerāre); murmărāri (rare; commurmurari Cic.); mütuāri (pass. part. Plin.); nancisci (fut., nanciam Gracchus); nasci; naucŭlāri (Mart. once); něgōtiāri; nictari (Plin., nictare Plaut.); nīdŭlāri (Plin. once); nīti (enisum est impers. Sall.); nixāri (Lucr.); nugări; nundīnāri; nūtricāri (also nutricare); nutriri (Verg. once; usually nutrire); oblivisci (pass. part. Verg., Prop.); obsidiari; ödōrāri; ōmināri (abominatus pass. Hor., Liv.); õpĕrāri; õpīnāri (opinare Enn., Pacuv.; pass. part. Cic.); ŏpítůlări; oppĕrîri; opsōnāri (Plaut., opsonare usually); ordiri (exorsus pass. Plaut., Cic., Verg.); ŏrīri; oscitāri (also oscitare); osculări; ōtiāri; pābulāri; păcisci (pass. part. Cic., Liv.); pălări; palpāri (Plaut., Hor., also palpare); pandicălări; părăsītāri; partīri (par

1 In form frequentative: the simple verb in the 3rd pers. (horitur) is quoted from Ennius.

« PreviousContinue »