révertor, return, perf. reverti, reversum, reverti (inf.), reversus, having returned. prævertor, attend to first, is entirely deponent: præverto, be beforehand with, is very rare. videor, visum, vidēri, very common in sense of seem. vid-ě vleo, plait (twigs, &c.) vietum vière vi-ě part. viētus (Ter. Lucr., but viětus, Hor.), shrivelled. So its compounds nōlo, mālo; see Ch. XXVIII. Combüro, combussi, combustum, comburĕre, is a compound of com with an older form buro, seen in bustum, tomb. Other compounds (exuro, &c.) follow the usual form. The following verbs also have no perfect or supine. muceo, be mouldy polleo, be powerful 739 BOOK III'. WORD-FORMATION. CHAPTER I. ELEMENTS OF WORD-FORMATION. WORDS are formed either directly from roots or from other words. The elements of formation are four: reduplication, internal change, addition of suffixes, combination of two or more words into one. Two or more of these modes of formation may be called into use in forming a word; and especially, almost all words, whatever other change the root may have undergone, exhibit some suffix or other. i. Reduplication is the repetition of the root syllable, either to express repeated action or simply to give additional emphasis to the In Latin there appear but few instances of reduplication. The following are probably such: root. 1. Reduplication of a closed syllable: bar-bar-us, foreign (from ßápßapos); car-cer (n.), a prison, a barrier (for the vowel cf. § 204. 2); cin-cin-nus, a curl (comp. Kíkɩvvos); cur-cül-io, a weevil (for the change of liquid cf. § 185. 2); fur-fur (m.), bran; gur-gül-io, the windpipe (cf. § 852); marmor (n.), marble; mur-mur (n.), a murmur (comp. popμúpew); quisquis, whosoever; tin-tin-näre, to tinkle (cf. § 646); tur-tur (m. f.), a dove; ǎl-ül-are, to bowl, wail (comp. ¿λ-oλ-újev). Similarly perper-am (adv.), badly (§ 526). 2. Reduplication of an open syllable; or rather, of the initial consonant, with a vowel appended: bl-běre, to drink; cī-cāda, a grasshopper; cl-cătrix (f.), a scar; ci-cer (n.), chickpease; ci-conia, a stork; ci-cur, tame; ci-cuta, bemlock; cocus (qvoqvus), a cook; cù-cülus, a cuckoo (comp. KóKKU§); că-cumis (m.), a cucumber; cu-curbita, a gourd; je-junus, fasting; 1 In this book much use has been made of the lists in Leo Meyer's Vergleich. Gram. (1861-1865) especially the second volume. Corresponding Greek words have been usually taken from Curtius (see above, p. 24 n.). 740 7+1 |