πετάννυμι, “ spread out, πετάσω, πετῶ ἐπέτασα

[πεπέτακα]

IX. Verbs with tenses derived from other roots.

§ XIV. List of Defective and Irregular Verbs.

353 Roots are distinguished by capitals; poetical words by an

asterisk.

Α.

ΑΑ-, " I damage or stultify,” ἄασα, contr. ἆσα, ἀάσθην, ἀασάμην, of which the 3 sing. ἄσατι is used in an active sense, as is also the 3 sing. pres. middle ἀᾶται. Both a's may be made long or short according to the exigencies of the metre.

Αγαίομαι* and ἄγαμαι, “I admire,” ἀγάσομαι, ἠγάσθην and ἠγασάμην.

Αγείρω, “I collect,” another form of ἐγείρω, 3 pl. 2 aor. mid. ἀγέροντο, 3 pl. plup. pass. ἀγηγέρατο, lengthened forms ἠγερέθονται, ἠγερέθεσθαι, aor. part. ἀγρόμενος, all with passive significations.

Αγνοέω, “I am ignorant,” epic ἀγνοιέω, fut. ἀγνοήσομαι, according to the grammarians (see Thom. Μ. 7), but ἀγνοήσω in Demosth. (885, 1; 1266, 19), who uses ἀγνοήσομαι as passive (310, 7), 2 sing. aor. iterat. ἀγνώσασκε (above, 331, I, 1, (a)).

"Αγ-νυμι, “ I break,” root Far- (cf. ῥήγνυμι), fut. ἄξω, aor. ἔαξα, ἐάγην, 2 perf. ἔαγα with pass. signification. Instead of και τάξαις, 2 sing. 1 aor. opt. act. we have καυάξαις = κατάξαις. "Αγω, “ I lead,” 2 aor. ἤγαγον, perf. ἦχα and ἀγήοχα.

Λείδω, “I sing, contr. ᾄδω, imperf. ειδον, contr. δον, fut. ἄσομαι.

̓Αείρω, “ I raise,” contr. αἴρω : see αἱρέω.

"Λημι, “I blow,” takes no augment and retains the η in the dual and plural, and in the derived tenses, e. g. dual ἄητον, inf. ἀῆναι, pass. pres. part. ἀήμενος, imperf. ἄητο, but in the 3 pl. pr. act. ἄεισι (with irregular accent), part. ἀείς. In Homer we have an

aorist ἄεσα.

Αἰδέομαι, “I reverence,” fut. αἰδέσομαι, epic αἰδήσομαι, aor. ἠδεσάμην, ἠδέσθην. There are epic by-forms αἴδομαι, imp. αἴδετο.

Αἰνέω, “I praise,” fut. αἰνέσω or αἰνέσομαι, perf. pass. ᾔνημαι, 1 aor. pass. ᾐνέθην. Hesiod, Op. et D. 683, has the Holic by-form αἴνημι.

Αἴνυμαι, “ I take,” exists only in the pres. and imperf., and the latter has no augment.

Αἱρέω, “I take,” αἱρήσω, 1 aor. pass. ᾑρέθην, 2 aor. act. (from root ΕΛ-) εἷλον. In the middle, αἱροῦμαι signifies “I choose," i.e. take for myself. Distinguish this from deípw or aïpw, “I raise,” for ἀείρω, 1 aor. act. ἄειρα, 3 sing. subj. ἀέρσῃ, 1 aor. mid. ἠράμην for ἀειράμην, plup. pass. ἄωρτο.

Αἰσθάνομαι, “ I perceive, fut. αἰσθήσομαι, 2 aor. ᾐσθόμην.

Αΐω, “I hear,” only in the pres. and imperf., the latter unaugmented. The Ionic prose writers have the compound èwałw with the irregular 3 per. pl. 1 aor. ἐπήϊσαν.

ΑΚ-, " I point,” ἀκαχμένος*, pointed.

Ακαχίζω*, “I humble or aflict,” from 'ΑΧ-, aor. ἤκαχον, fut. ἀκακήσω, 1 aor. ἠκάχησα, perf. pass. ἀκάχημαι, ἀκακήμενος οι ἀκηχέμενος, with irregular accent.

Ακέομαι, “ I heal, fut. ἀκέσομαι, 1 aor. ᾐκέσθην, with pass. signification.

̓Ακούω, “I hear,” fut. ἀκούσομαι, 1 aor. ἤκουσα, perf. act. ἀκήκοα, perf. pass. ἤκουσμαι.

Αλάομαι, “ I wander,” perf. with pres. signification ἀλάλημαι*. ̓Αλδήσκω, “ I nourish,” from ΑΛΔΕ-, ΑΛΔ-, fut. ἀλδήσω. ̓Αλείφω, “I anoint,” perf. ἀλήλιφα, perf. pass. ἀλήλιμμαι, later ἤλειμμαι, 1 aor. pass. ἠλείφθην, rarer form ἠλίφην.

̓Αλέξω", “I ward of,” fut. ἀλεξήσω and ἀλέξομαι, 1 aor. mid. ἀλέξασθαι, from ΑΛΕΚ-, ΑΛΚ-, probably strengthened by θι-; comp. αὔξω.

Αλέομαι, “I avoid,” also ἀλεύομαι, 1 aor. ἠλευάμην, inf. ἀλέασθαι and ἀλεύασθαι. Another form in Homer is ἀλεείνω*.

̓Αλέω, “I grind,” later ἀλήθω, fut. ἀλέσω, Attic αλώ, perf. pass. ἀλήλεσμαι.

Αλ-ίσκομαι, “I am taken,” fut. ἁλώσομαι, 2 aor. ἥλων οι ἑάλων, “I was taken,” infin. ἁλῶναι, part. ἁλούς, perf. ἑάλωκα, ήλωκα, from 'ΑΛΟ-; comp. ἀμβλίσκω.

̓Αλιταίνω*, “ I offend,” fut. αλιτήσω, 2 aor. ἤλιτον, part. perf. pass. ἀλιτήμενος, with deponent signification.

"Αλλομαι, “I leap,” fut. ἁλοῦμαι, 1 aor. ἡλάμην, ἅλασθαι. Hence in Homer ἆλσο, ἆλτο, ἄλμενος for ἥλασο, ἥλατο, ἁλάμενος. ̓Αλφαίνω*, “ I find, acquire,” 2 aor. ἦλφον.

Αμαρτάνω, “ Ι err,” fut. ἁμαρτήσομαι, perf. ἡμάρτηκα, pass. ἡμάρτημαι (as if there were also a form 'AMAPTE-), 2 aor. μαρ τον (in Homer ἤμβροτον); the fut. ἁμαρτήσω is Ionic.

Αμβλίσκω, “I make an abortion,” fut. ἀμβλώσω, &c., 2 aor. ἤμβλων.

Αμπλακίσκω*, “I fail, miss,” 2 aor. ἤμπλακον, inf. ἀμπλακεῖν, fut. ἀμπλακήσω.

̓Αναίνομαι, “ I deny or refuse,” only pres. and imperf. and the aor. ἀνηνάμην, inf. ἀνήνασθαι.

̓Αναλίσκω, ἀναλόω, " I take up and consume,” fut. ἀναλώσω, aor. ἀνάλωσα, perf. act. ἀνάλωκα, perf. pass. ἀνάλωμαι, 1 aor. pass. ἀναλώθην. Comp. ἁλίσκομαι, which contains the same root, although the quantity of the first syllable differs.

Obs. As the second a in this verb is already long, it receives no augment in the old Attic writers, though avýλwoa appears to have been said in the language of common life.

'Avdávw, "I please," from FAA- with double nasal, imperf. ἤνδανον, ἑάνδανον and ἑήνδανον*, 2 aor. άδον, perf. αδα, fut. ἁδήσω. Ανήνοθεν, “ it stands up,” as if derived from the root 'ΑΝΘin ἄνθος.

Ανοίγω and ἀνοίγνυμι, “I open,” fut. ἀνοίξω, 1 aor. ἀνέωξα, perf. act. ἀνέῳχα, perf. pass. ἀνέφγμαι, 2 perf. ἀνέῳγα; less frequently ἤνοιξα, &c.

̓Ανώγω, ἀνωγέω, " I order,” imperf. ἄνωγον, fut. ἀνώξω, 1 aor. ἤνωξα, a secondary verb from an old perf. ἄνωγα*, with a present meaning, pluperf. ἠνώγειν, Ionic ἠνώγεα, imperat. ἄνωχθι and ἄνωγε.

Το Γεγώνω, γεγωνέω, “I speak aloud,” from the old perf. γέγωνα*, ἥκω from είκα, &c.

φάσκων deceive,” 2 aor. ἤπαφον, inf. ἀπαφεῖν, subj. και την απατάω.

I am hated, fut. ἀπεχθήσομαι, perf. απήχθη

66

Απούρας*, “ having separated,” and ἀπουράμενος*, " being deprived," in a passive sense, 1 aor. part. from OTP--ATP-=FAP-, which is also found in ἐπ-αυρ-ίσκομαι, “ I derive advantage from, fut. ἐπ-αυρ-ήσομαι, aor. ἔπηυρον. Comp. also εὑρίσκω.

We have from the same root the imperf. ἀπηύρων, 1 aor. ἀπηύρα*, part. ἀπηύρας, 1 aor. mid. ἀπηυράμην.

66

Αράομαι, “ I pray,” is regular, except the 2 aor. pass. inf. ἀρήμεναι* (Hom. Od. XXII. 322).

Αρέσκω, from 'ΑΡ-, “I please,” fut. ἀρέσω, aor. ἤρεσα, aor. pass. ἠρέσθην.

From the same root in the sense, "I annex" or "adapt" (fut. ἄρσω), 1 aor. ἦρσα*, perf. pass. ἀρήρεμαι, 1 aor. pass. ἤρθην, 2 perf. ἤρηρα, Ionic ἤραρα, Doric ἄραρα, mostly intrans. “ to fit, to be fast,” 2 aor. ἤραρον. Homer has the participle αραρυία. From ἄρηρα came ἀράρω and ἀραρίσκω.

Also in the sense, “I render favourable,” fut. ἀρέσω, ἀρέσομαι, aor. ἤρεσα, mid. ἀρέσασθαι.

Αριστάω, “ I breakfast,” in colloquial Attic had ἠρίσταμεν and ἠριστάναι as 1 pl. and inf. perf. (Athen. x. p. 423).

66

"Αρνυμαι, “ I gain," has only the pres. and imp.

Αρόω, “I plough,” fut. ἀρόσω, perf. pass. ἀρήρομαι.

Αρπάζω, “ I snatch, has ἁρπάμενος* in the later poets.

66

Αὐξάνω, ἀέξω, αὔξω, “ I increase,” fut. αὐξήσω, 1 aor. ηὔξησα, perf. pass. ηύξημαι, aor. pass. ηὐξήθην.

Αϋτέω*, “I cry out,” fut. αύσω, aor. ἤΰσα.

Αφάσσω, “ I touch,” 1 aor. ἤφασα.

*Αχθομαι, “I am angry,” fut. ἀχθέσομαι and ἀχθεσθήσομαι, 1 aor. ἠχθέσθην.

*Aw*, “I satisfy,” inf. ἄμεναι, contr. for ἀέμεναι, fut. ἆσω, aor. ἆσα. We have ᾶται (Hesiod, Scut. 101), for which it is proposed to read ὦται, “ he satisfies himself.”

66

B.

Βαίνω, “I go,” from BA-, with affix vi and metathesis, fut. βήσομαι, perf. βέβηκα, pl. βέβαμεν, βέβατε, βεβᾶσι, subj. βεβῶ, inf. βεβάναι, part. βεβώς, -ώσα, 2 aor. ἔβην, imperat. βηθι, in com