Roman family names: Bassus; Cotta (for cocta?); Natta; Pansa, splay foot? (pand-ĕre). (b) Feminine: buxus, box-tree; taxus, yew. ǎlūta, leather; ămĭta, a father's sister; ansa, a handle; antisti-ta, a priestess (ante, stăto-); ǎrista, the beard of corn; ballista, a military engine (Báλew); bēta, beet; blatta, a moth; capsa, a box (căp-ĕre?); cătasta, a platform; causa, a cause; cērussa, white lead (as if knpóeooa?); charta, paper (xáprns); costa, a rib; coxa, the hip (comp. Koxwvn); crēta, chalk; crista, a crest; crusta, rind, shell, &c.; cucurbita, a gourd; culcita, a pillow; fossa, a ditch (fodě-re); gutta, a drop; hasta, a spear; hospita, a guest; impen-sa (sc. pecunia), expense (impend-ĕre); instita, a flounce or band; jŭven-ta, youth (jůvěn-); matta, a mat; mensa, a table; mēta, a cone; multa, a fine; nota, a mark (cf. § 647); noxa, hurt (noc-ēre); offen-sa, a striking against (offend-ère); orbita, a wheel track (orbi-); pausa, a pause (ñaveɩ); planta, the sole of the foot; porta, a gate; prætex-ta (sc. toga), a bordered robe (prætex-ĕre); prōsa (sc. oratio), prose (pro-vert-ere, cf. § 191. 2); repul-sa, a repulse (repell-ère); rixa, a quarrel (comp. epid-); rosa, a rose (comp. pódov); rõta, a wheel; rūta, rue (comp. purý); sæta, a bristle; săgitta, an arrow; sec-ta, a party (sĕcāre or seqvi?); sēmĭta, a path; sěnecta, old age (sen-ec-); Sospĭta (epithet of Juno), Preserver; sporta, a basket (comp. σTUρid-); tensa, a sacred chariot; testa, a potsherd (for tors-ta, from torre-re?); ton-sa, an oar (tund-ĕre); Vesta, hearth-goddess (comp. ür-ere, us-tum; 'Eoría); vindicta, (1) rod used in the ceremony of manumission; (2) revenge (vinděc-); vīta, life; vitta, a fillet (comp. viere); võlu-ta, a scroll in architecture (volv-ēre). (c) Neuter: arbútum, wild strawberry; bus-tum, a tomb (comp. com-bur-ĕre); compitum, a crossroad (com-pět-ĕre?); cùbi-tum, the elbow (cùbāre); dēfrùtum, must boiled down (defervere?); dic-tum, a saying (dic-ĕre); dorsum, a back; exta (pl.), heart, liver, &c. (for ex-sec-ta?); ; fa-tum, destiny (fa-ri); frětum, a sea strait; frustum, a broken piece (comp. Opaveiv, § 99.6); furtum, a theft (für-); lētum, death; lu-tum, mud (comp. lăv-are); lutum, a yellow dye; mentum, the chin (comp. e-minere, to project); Ŏmāsum, bullock's tripe (a Gallic word); pas-sum, raisin wine (pand-ĕre, to spread out to dry); pen-sum, a task (pend-ĕre, to weigh); pessum (only acc.), ground (pěd-, foot); porten-tum, a portent (portend-ĕre); prātum, a meadow; prosecta (pl.), parts cut off, e.g. for sacrifice (prosecāre); pulpitum, a scaffold; punc-tum, a point (pung-ère, to prick); sæptum, a fence (sæp-ire); saxum, a rock; scortum, a whore (orig. a bide acc. to Varro; comp. cor-ium); scrūta (pl.), trash; scutum, a leather-covered shield (comp. σKÛTOS); sugges-tum, a platform (suggĕr-ere); tec-tum, a house (těg-ĕre); tes-tum, a pot-lid (torrēre); vervactum, a falloav-field; virgultum, a thicket (virg-ül-a-); vō-tum, a vow (vŏv-ēre). -us-to i. e. -to appended to a suffix in -os, -us (-or, -ur). angus-tus, narrow (angōr-, ang-ère; comp. ayxew, to throttle); aug-us-tus, consecrated (aug-ur-); faus-tus, propitious (făvõr-); Ŏn-us-tus, laden (önés-); rōb-us-tus, strong (rōbōr-); věn-ustus, pretty (věnǎs-); větus-tus, ancient (vetus-). -es-to i.e. -to appended to a suffix -os or -us. fun-es-tus, deadly (fün-us-); hon-es-tus, honourable (honō-s); intempes-tus, unseasonable (in tempos-); mod-es-tus, modest (modo-; comp.mŏd-ĕr-ā-ri); mõl-es-tus, troublesome (exhausting, from mol-ĕre, to grind?); scěl-es-tus, wicked (scělés-). -c-to i.e. -to appended to the suffix -ěc, -ic. 1. Adjectives: umectus (comp. um-ōre). 2. Substantives: car-ec-tum, reed beds (car-ec-); důmec-tum (Fest.), old for dumetum (§ 798. 2); frutec-tum (also in Col. frutetum; comp. fruticetum, § 798. 2), shrubbery (frůtěc-); sǎl-ic-tum, a willow bed (sălic-); vir-ec-tum, greenery (vir-ēre). -en-to 1. Adjectives: cru-entus, bloody (comp. cru-or). 2. Substantives: (a) feminine: polenta, pearl barley (pollen-; comp. máλn); placenta, a cake (probably from acc. of πλακούς). (b) Neuter: arg-entum, silver (comp. ȧpyós, white); carpentum, a covered two-wheeled carriage; flu-entum, a stream (flu-ĕre); pilentum, a covered four-wheeled carriage; talentum, a balance (ráλavrov); ungven-tum, ointment (ungvěn-). So the names of towns: Agrigentum ('Aкрayavт-, nom. ’Akpάyas); Bux-entum, Boxgrove (buxo-; Пuέoevτ-, nom. Пvέoûs); Grüm-entum, Hill-town? (grūmo-); Laur-entum, Laurel grove? (lauro-); Tǎrentum (Tápas); comp. Sipontum (Σɩоûs). -m-en-to i.e. -to appended to the suffix -měn (§ 850). Substantives, neuter; usually derived from verbs. Many are used chiefly in the plural. ǎli-mentum, nourishment (ăl-ĕre); amentum, a javelin thang, (for ǎpi-mentum, a fitting? comp. ap-tus, aπтe); argu-mentüm, a proof (argu-ĕre); arma-menta (pl.), tackle (armā-re); ar-mentum, a plough beast (ărā-re); atramentum, ink (atro-); auctōrā-mentum, hire (auctora-ri); blandi-mentum, soothing (blandi-re); cæ-mentum, quarried stone (cæd-ère); calceã-mentum, a shoe (calceāre); căpillāmentum, hair (capillo-); coag-mentum, a joining (coǎg-ère); cognōmentum, a surname (cogno-sc-ère); complē-mentum (rare), a filling up (comple-re); dehonesta-mentum, a disgrace (dehonesta-re); dētrī-mentum, a loss by wear (detĕr-ĕre; comp. detrī-tus); dŏcă-mer 789 790 791 792 tum, a lesson (dòcēre); ělě-menta (pl.), first principles (means of growth? comp. Ŏlescere); ēmŏlü-mentum, gain (by grinding; emo1-ǎre); expěrī-mentum, a test (expĕrī-ri); fer-mentum, yeast (fervere); ferrā-mentum, an iron implement (comp. ferrā-tus); fō-mentum, poultice, &c. (fòvēre); frāg-mentum, a fragment (frang-ĕre); fru-mentum, corn (comp. fruges); funda-mentum, a groundwork (funda-re); incita-mentum, an incentive (incĭtāre); incrē-mentum, increase, germ (incre-sc-ere); instru-mentum, stock of implements, a means (instru-ĕre); intertri-mentum, waste by rubbing (cf. detrimentum); irrītā-mentum, an incentive (irrītā-re); jù-mentum, a Least of draught (jung-ère; comp. jug-um); lā-menta (pl.), lamentation (for clāmāmenta? cf. § 110. 3); lěvā-mentum, a relief (lēvā-re); lō-mentum, a wash (lăv-āre); māchina-mentum, a machine (machina-re); mō-mentum, motion, impulse (mõvēre); mònůmentum, a memorial (monēre); nutrī-mentum, nourishment (nütrire); ō-mentum, a fat membrane; õpĕri-mentum, a lid (õpĕrī-re); ornamentum, an ornament (ornā-re); pălūdāmentum, a military cloak; pǎvi-mentum, pavement (păvī-re, to beat, ram); pēdāmentum, a prop for vines, &c. (pèdā-re, to put feet to); pig-mentum, a paint (ping-ere); pul-mentum, pulpā-mentum, meat (pulpa-); purgāmentum, refuse (purga-re); rā-mentum, a scraping, chip (rād-ère); rudi-mentum, a trial, beginning (foil-exercise? rúdis, a foil?); sæpimentum, a hedge (sæpi-re); sar-mentum, a vine pruning, i.e. a branch requiring to be pruned off (sarp-ĕre, to prune); seg-mentum, a strip (secāre); sternu-mentum, sneezing (sternu-ère); strā-mentum, straw (stern-ĕre, strā-tus); strig-mentum, a scraping (stringore); suffi-mentum, incense (suffi-re); těg-u-mentum (integumentum), a covering (těg-ĕre); tempĕra-mentum, mixture, moderation (tempĕrā-re); testa-mentum, a will (testā-ri); tō-mentum, stuffing (clippings? comp. tondēre); tor-mentum, a hurling engine (torqvēre); vesti-mentum, a dress (vestī-re); and others. ül-en-to Sometimes the older -õlento; sometimes the later -ilento. 793 Adjectives: corpu-lentus, fleshy (for corpor-ulentus); escu-lentus, eatable (esca-); fraudu-lentus, cheating (fraudi-); grăcălentus, thin (comp. gracilis); lucu-lentus, bright (lūci-); perhaps also gainful for lucru-lentus (lucro-); lutu-lentus, muddy (lŭto-); măci-lentus, wasted (màcie-); Ŏpu-lentus, wealthy (õpi-); potu-lentus, drinkable (pōto-); pulvĕr-ülentus, dusty (pulvis-); pür-ulentus, festering (pus-); sangvin-olentus, blood-stained (sangvěn-); tēmulentus, drunken (comp. tēm-ētum); trucu-lentus, fierce (trúci-); iurbu-lentus, riotous (turba-); vīno-lentus, drunken (vino-); vioientus, violent (vi- for vīsi-). -gintă ) -ginti Indeclinable adjectives of number, denoting multiples of 794 ten: ginti (or -tā) = decem-ti (or -ta). vi-ginti, twenty (dvi-děcem-ti, tro-ten-ty); trī-gintā, thirty (tri-); quadragintā (quatvor-, § 158); qvinqvāgintā, fifty (qvinqve-); sexāginta, sixty (sex); septuagintā, seventy (septem, see below); octōginta, eighty (octo); nōnāgintā, ninety (novem, see below). Compare centum, supposed to be for decem-decem-ta. The formation of the higher cardinal numbers is in some points very obscure. The final vowel-ī in viginti, a in the others-is found also in Greek, but is there short; e.g. elkool, Dor. eiKATI: Tριākоvта, &c. The a before the guttural in quadraginta, &c. is also found in Greek; e.g. Teσσapāкоvтa, but the origin of none of these vowels is clear. The final i in viginti may be a dual form: the final a of triginta, &c. is by some considered to be the same as the ordinary ǎ of the neuter plural. Septuaginta, seventy, is abnormally formed instead of septenginta, probably to avoid confusion with septingenti, seven hundred. Nōnaginta is probably for novin-aginta, the m being assimilated to the initial n. (Schleicher derives it directly from the ordinal nōno-.) -cento -gento } Declinable adjectives of number, denoting multiples of a 795 hundred only used in plural: gento-= centum. ducenti, two hundred (duo-centum); trecenti, three hundrea (tri-); quadringenti, four hundred (qvatvor, see below); quingenti, five hundred (for qvinqvigenti); sexcenti, six hundred (sex); septingenti, seven hundred (septem); octingenti, eight hundred (octo, see below); nongenti, nine hundred (nōn is for novem). The -in in quadringenti and octingenti has perhaps been suggested by septingenti (where it has its justification in septem; for the i cf. § 204. 2. c) and qvingenti, where it is radical. It may have been adopted to increase the distinction of the hundreds from the tens. The difference of the vowel before nt in the hundreds compared with the tens, e. g. quadringenti, quadraginta, is probably due partly to the desire for distinction, partly to the fact that the e of a suffix (decem) more easily passes into i (quadraginta) than the e in centum (quadringenti), which is apparently, though perhaps not really (cf. § 794), radical. -āto 1. Participles from verbs with a stems (§ 697); e.g. 796 ăcăle-atus, furnished with a sting or thorn (acu-leo-); ǎdip-atus, fattened (aděp-); ær-atus, of bronze (es-); alb-atus, clad in white (albo-); ans-atus, with handles (ansa-); arm-atus, armed (armā re); aur-atus, gilded (auro-); barb-atus, bearded (barba-); brāccatus, breeched (bracca-); căpill-atus, hairy (căpillo-); căpit-atus, with a head (căpăt-); cătēn-atus, chained (cătena-); centuri-atus, of the centuries (centuria-); cētr-atus, armed with a short shield (cetra-); cincinnatus, curled (cincinno-); column-atus, furnished with columns (columna-); cord-atus, having good sense (cord-); cothurn-atus, buskined, i.e. tragic (cothurno-); crépid-atus, sandalled (crěpĭda-); cret-atus, chalked (crēta-); crist-atus, crested (crista-); curi-atus, of the Curia (curia-); delic-atus, charming, dainty (comp. delicia-); dent-atus, toothed (denti-); dimidi-atus, halved (dimidio-); Făb-atus, beaned, chiefly as surname (făba-); fæo-atus, made from lees (fæci-); falc-atus, sickle-shaped (falci-); ferr-atus, iron-covered (ferro-); geniculatus, with knees, i. e. jointed (gění-culo-); gutt-atus, speckled (gutta-); hast-atus, armed with spear (hasta-); littĕr-atus, lettered, i.e. branded or learned (littĕra-); lŭp-ātus, armed with jagged spikes like wolf's teeth (lupo-); mōr-atus, -mannered (mōs-); numm-atus, supplied with money (numm-); ŏbær-atus, moneyed over, i.e. in debt (æs-); öcell-atus, with little eyes or spots (ocello-); Ŏcùl-atus, having eyes (öculo-); orbicul-atus, rounded (orbĭcŭlo-); palli-atus, dressed in a Greek cloak (pallio-); pălūd-atus, with the military cloak on (comp. paluda-mentum); palm-ātus, worked with palm-branches (palma-); penn-atus, winged (penna-); pīl-atus, armed with a pike (pīlo-); pilleatus, bonneted (pīlleo-); pinn-atus, feathered (pinna-); prætext-atus, wearing the bordered robe (prætexta-, § 790); torqv-ātus, wearing a collar (torqvi-); trǎbe-atus, wearing the state robe (tră-bea-); tŭnicatus, in a shirt (tunica-); visc-atus, limed (visco-); vitt-atus, filleted (vitta-); ungvent-atus, anointed (ungvento-); and many others, 2. Substantives: arqv-atus, (1) the jaundice, (2) a jaundiced person (arquo-, the rainbow?); pălatum, the palate; victori-atus (sc. nummus), a victory-coin (victoria-). -ōto ægr¬ōtus, sick (ægro-). See also § 689. -ūto 1. Participles from verbs with -u stems (§ 690); e. g. ǎçu-tus, sharpened (ācu-ĕre); &c.; or adjectives formed as such, chiefly from substantives with -u stems: ast-utus, crafty (astu-); cinct-utus, girdle-wearing (cinctu-); corn-utus, horned (cornu-); dēlib-utus, smeared (comp. λeißew); hirs-ūtus, shaggy (comp. hirto-); nās-utus, with large, or, metaphorically, sharp nose (nāso-); vers-utus, adroit (versu-, a turning); věr-utus, javelin-armed (veru-). actūtum (adv.), instantly (actu-. See § 528). 2. Substantives: ǎluta, leather; cicuta, hemlock; Matuta, Goddess of dawn (comp. māne?); věrutum, a javelin (veru-). -ēto 797 1. Participles from verbs with stems in -e ($ 692); 798 |