2.

Substantives: (a) masculine or feminine: boletus (m.), a kind of mushroom (from Bwlions?); Mõneta, a surname of Júno, in whose temple money was coined: hence mint; růbeta, a toad (said to be from růbo-, bramble).

(6) neuter: (1) ăcetum, vinegar (ace-sc-ere); tăpetum (cf. § 418), a carpet; tēmetum, intoxicating drink (comp. tēm-ulentus, abs-tēm-ius); trăp-etum (cf. § 418), an olive mill.

(2) Names expressing a place where a plant, &c. grows: (But. few of these words are used frequently):

escủl-etum (Hor.), an oak forest (æscủlo-); årundin-etum, a reed bed (arundon-); aspr-etum, rough place (aspěro-, $ 347); buxetum (Mart.), box plantation (buxo-); castăn-etum (Col.), chestnut grove (castanea-); cŭpress-etum, a cypress grove (cupresso-); dūmetum, a thicket (dūmo-); fim-etum (Plin.), dunghill (fimo-); fréticetum, a shrubbery (frůtěc-); myrt-etum, myrtle grove (myrto-); Olīv-etum, an oliveyard (ólīva-); pīn-etum, pine grove (pīno-); qverc-etum, oak grove (qverco-); ròs-etum, rose bed (rosa-); saxētum (once Cic.), bed of rocks (saxo); senti-c-etum (Plaut.), thorn bed (senti-: formed in analogy with fruticetum?); sẽpulcr-etum (Catull.), a graveyard (sèpulcro-); větěr-etum (Colum.), old fallow land (větůs-); vin-etum, a vineyard (vīno-); with others used very rarely. So'Argiletum, marlbed (argilla-), popularly misunderstood by the Romans. -Ito 1. Participles from verbs with -i stems ($ 695); e. g. 799

aud-itus, heard (aud-ire); &c.: and adjectives formed

as such: åv-itus, of a grandfather (åvo-); aur-itus, with ears (auri-); Cerr-ītus (for Cereritus), frenzied by Ceres' influence (Cěrěs-); crīnitus, hairy (crini-); fortu-ītus (Hor., Phædr.), fortuitus, (Manil., Petr., Juv.), by chance (forti-, cf. § 405); grātu-ītus (Plaut.), gratu-itus (Stat.), without pay (comp. grātia-); măr-itus, married, of marriage (mási-); mell-itus, honeyed (mell-); patr-itus, of a father (patr-); pell-itus, skin-clad (pelli-); pěr-itus, skilled (cf. p. 254); sci-tus, clever, knowing (sci-re); turr-itus, turreted (turri-).

2. Substantives : pītu-ita, phlegm (comp. DTÚELV, spu-ěre); scriblita, a cake.

ii. Stems ending in -tu, -ti, -t (-su, -si, -8 when presumably arisen

from a dental). -tu (-su) Substantives derived mostly from verbs, and generally 80e

denoting an act. (The accusative and ablative cases are the so-called supines.) See SS 397—-399 and Book II. Chap. XXIV,

adven-tus, an arrival (advěn-īre); es-tus, heat (comp. aidelv, to set on fire); ămic-tus, a garment (åmic-īre); anfractus, a circuit, a bend (am, frang-ere); anhēl-itus, panting (anhēlā-re); appărā-tus, equipment (appărā-re); appětī-tus, appetite (appetī-, appet-ěre); arbitr-atus, judgment, choice (arbitrā-ri); ar-tus, a joint (comp. apelv, to fit); aspec-tus, sight (aspicě-re); as-tus, cunning ($ 396); audī. tus, hearing (audī-re); bālā-tus, a bleating (bālā-re); cæs-tus, a gauntlet (cæd-ěre? hence a strip); can-tus, a song (căn-ěre); cap-tus, grasp, esp. mental (căpě-re); cā-sus, an accident (căd-ěre); cen-sus, a reckoning (censēre); coỉtus, a connexion (co-ire); coetus, an assembly (same as last); comitā-tus, a train (comitā-re); crepi-tus, a rattling (crèpāre); crůciā-tus, torturing (crůciā-re); decur-sus, a descent, a course (decurr-ěre); delec-tus, a selection, lewy (delig-ěre); ēven-tus, an occurrence (ēvěn-ire); exerci-tus, an army (exercēre); exi-tus, departure (exire); fastus, pride; fê-tus, bearing, offspring (comp. fē-cundus, fa-mina); flē-tus, weeping (ilē-re); fluc-tus, a wave (ilugv-, ilu-ěre); fruc-tus, enjoyment, fruits (frugv-, fru-i); ges-tus, gesture (gěr-ěre); gustus, taste (comp. yeúelv); håbi-tus, habit in various senses (håbē-re); hālītus, breath (comp. bālā-re); hiā-tus, a gape (hiā-re); ic-tus, a blow (ic-ěre); instinctus, instigation (instingv-ěre); lessus (old word; only in acc. s.), wailing; luc-tus, grief (lūgēre); luxus, luxury; mercā-tus, trading (mercā-ri); mětus, fear; mo-tus, motion (móvēre); mūgi-tus, lozving (mūgi-re); nexus, a bond (nect-ěre); or-tus, a rising (or-i-ri); par-tus, birth (păré-re); pas-sus, a step (pand-ěre, to stretch); plau-sus, a clapping (plaud-ěre); portus, a harbour; põ-tus, a drinking (comp. po-tā-re); progres-sus, an advance (progrèd-i); quæs-tus, gain (quær-ěre); qves-tus, complaint (qvěr-i); ric-tus, mouth-opening (ring-i); rī-sus, laughter (rīdēre); rītus, a rite; sal-tus, a leaping (sălī-re), a mountain pasture (comp. äl-oos?); sex-us, sex (sěc-āre?); si-tus, situation (sin-ěre); spīr-itus, a breath (spīrā-re); strěp-i-tus, a din (strěp-ěre); sum-p-tus, expense (süm-ěre);' tac-tus, a touch (tang-ère); tinni. tus, a tinkling (tinni-re); transitus, a passage (transi-re); vestitus, dress (vestī-re); vic-tus, living, food (vigv-, vivère); vi-sus, sight (vid-ère); vol-tus, expression of countenance, looks, cf. Cic. Leg. 1. 9 (velle, Pr. Ind. volo); ū-sus, use (üt-1); and many others.

frětus (m.), a strait; impětus (m.), an onset (in pětěre); mětus (m.), fear; in which t is apparently radical. -ul-tu sing-ultus, sobbing; tům-ultus, uproar (tům-ēre). -ātu From substantives, but formed as if from verbs with -a 801

stems (e.g. consulāre, to be consul), denote (1) the holding

office, (2) the office itself, (3) the body of officers. cælsb-atus (Sen. Suet.), celibacy (cælěb-); cib-atus (præ-Cic. and Plin.), food (cibo-); consúl-atus, a being consul, the consulship (con

sůl-); důc-atus (post-Aug.), leadership (důc-); <qvit-atus, cavalry (ěqvět-); jūdic-atus (Cic. once), judgeskip (jūděc-); magistr-atus, magistracy (măgistro-); pědit-atus, infantry (pědět-); pontific-atus, the pontificate (pontifěc-); prīm-atus (Varr., Plin.), primacy (prīmo-); princip-atus, chieftainship (princěp-); děcemvir-atus (so triumviratus, &c.), membership of a commission of ten (decemviro-); qvadrīmatus (Plin., Col.), age of four years old (qvadrīmo-); re-atus (see Quintil. 8. 3. 34), condition of an accused person (reo-); sěn-atus, a body of old men (sěn-, sēnex); summ-atus (Lucr.), sovereignty (summo-); tribūn-atus, tribunate (tribūno-). -ti(-si) 1. Adjectives: dīs, rich (contracted from dīves); fortis, 802

brave; mītis, mild; něcesse (indecl.), necessary (possibly from ne, cēd-ere); potis, able (comp. Tróols, a husband); sons, guilty; tristis, sad.

Cămer-s, a man of Camerinum; Tībur-s, a man of Tibur. 2. Substantives: (a) masculine and feminine: amussis (m.), 203

a carpenter's rule; antes (m. pl.) ranks; ars (f.), art (comp. ar-tus, a joint, åp-ap-lokelv); assis, usually as (m.), a penny; axis (m.), an axle-tree; cassis (m. $ 432), a mesh of a net; cautēs (f.), à rock; classis (f.), a class, a fleet; cohors or cors (f.), a yard, a company (com, hor-; comp. Xóp-ros); cos (f.), a whetstone (comp. cautes); crātis (f.), a hurdle of wicker; cùtis (f.), skin. (comp. scûtum, OKŪTOS); dens (m.), a tooth (comp. odovt-, nom. òdous); ensis (m.), a sword; fons (m.), a spring of water, &c.; fors (f.), chance; frons (f. $ 419), the forehead; fustis (m.), a cudgel; gens a race (gěn-, gignére); grātēs (f. pl.), thanks (comp. grā-tus, grātia); hostis (m. f.), a stranger, an enemy; lens (f.), a lentil; līs (for stlīs, f.), a strife, a suit; mens (f.), a mind (comp. rě-min-1sci); mensis (m.), a month (comp. uñv, uøvn); mes-sis (f.), karvest (mět-ěre, to mow); mons (m.), a mountain; mors (f.), death (mòr-1); nătis (f.) a buttock; neptis (f.), a granddaughter (comp.

; něp-ot-); nox (f.), night (comp. vukt-, nom. ns); pars (f.), a part (comp. top-, éropov aor., părě-re); pestis (f.), destruction (comp. perd-ěre, nép-elv); pons (m.), a bridge (comp. pondus); postis (m.), a doorpost; puls (f.), pulse; rătis (f.), a raft (comp. rēmus, an car; ép-érns, a rower); restis (f.), a rope; sēmentis (f.), seedtime (seměn-); sentes (m. pl.), thorns; sitis (f.), thirst; sors (f.), a lot (sěr-ěre, to put in rows); sponte (abl. s. f.), with a will; testis (m.) (comp. TEK-, Téktelv); (m. f.), a witness (comp. ter-unpiov); tussis (f.), a cough; vātēs (m.), â seer; vec-tis (m.), a roller or lever (věh-ere); ves-tis (f.), a dress (comp. év-viúval, éo-Ońs); vi-tis (f.), à vine (vi-ēre, to weave).

(6) Neuters: lac (or lact), milk (comp. yalakt-); rête, a net. 8c4 -åt ånas (f.), a duck (comp. vñooa).

a

Lot

åliquot, some; quot, how many; tot, so many: all inde

clinable adjectives. -ut (-it) capăt (n.), a head (comp. kep-alń). -ěti heběs, blunt; těrěs, round (těr-ere, to wear). -ět åbiēs (f.), a pine; åriēs (m.), a ram; păriēs (m.), a wall;

ségěs (f.), standing corn; těgěs (f.), a mat (těg-ěre). -ět (-it) āl-es, winged (ala-); àm-es (m.?), a vineprop (comp. 805

ăp-isci); antistes (m. f.), a priest or priestess (ante, stă-); cæl-es (m.), a heaven-dweller (cælo-); cæspes (m.), turf; cocl-es (m.), a blind man (for sco-cul-ět-; comp. okó-tos, Curt., Cors.); comes (m. f.), a companion (com); dīves, rich (comp. divo-); ēgv-es (m.), a horseman (èqvo-); gurges (m.), a whirlpool; merges (f.?), a sheaf, also a pitchfork (comp. mergæ, a two-prong); mīles (m. f.), a soldier; pěd-es (m. f.), a man on foot (pēd-); poples (m.), the back of the knee; præst-es (m. f.), protecting (præ, stă-); sătelles (m.f.), an attendant; sospes, saving, safe; stīpes (m.), a stock (comp. stip-ula, a straw); súperstes, surviving (super, stă-); tūdes (Fest.), a hammer (tundere); vēles (m.), a skirmisher (comp. vēl-ox). -m-ět (-mit) fo-mes (m.), tinder (fðv-ēre); lī-mes (m.), a balk 806

(li-mo-, slanting); palmes (m.), a vine shoot (pal-ma, a branch); tar-mes (m.), a woodworm (comp. těr-ebra, tep-ndwv); termes (m.), a cutting; trāmes (m.), a path (tra-ns). -en-ti 1. Participles present active of verbs:

ăma-ns, loving (ămā-); audi-ens, bearing (audī-); căpiens, taking (capě-re); gign-ens, begetting (gi-gn-ère); mõn-ens, advising (mon-ēre); oblīvisc-ens, forgetting (oblivisci); rég-ens, ruling (règ-ěre); tribu-ens, assigning (tribu-ěre); and so from all verbs.

807

2. Adjectives, originally present participles, or formed as such:

absens, absent (abes-se); ăbundans, abundant (abundā-re, to overflow); arrogans, arrogant (arrógā-re, to claim); clemens, merciful; congru-ens, suitable (congru-ěre, to agree); contin-ens, contiguous (continēre); dīlig-ens, accurate (dīlig-ěre, to love); ēlēgans, neat; ēlðqv-ens, eloquent (@loqvi-); ēvžd-ens, evident (ex vỉd-ēre); frěqvens, crowded; impůd-ens, shameless (in půd-ēre); innoc-ens, harmless (in noc-ēre); insòl-ens, excessive, haughty (in sðl-ēre, to be wont); insons, guiltless (in sons); lib-ens, willing (lib-ēre); lic-ens, presumptuous (lic-ēre); pòt-ens, porverful (pôt-esse); prægnans, pregnant (lit. before bearing? præ, gěn-); præsens, present (præ esse); præstans, excellent (præ-stāre); prūd-ens, prudent (pro vidēre, to foresee); récens, fresh; rěpens, sudden; săp-iens, wise (săpě-re, to

;

ܪ

1

809

have toste); splend-ens, glittering (splendēre); stellans, starry (stella-); vålens, powerful (vålēre).

3. Substantives, originally participles, &c.:

ădălesc-ens (m.), a young man (adulesc-ěre, to grow); ănimans, an animal (ănima-, breath); cli-ens (m. also clienta f.), a client (clu-ere, to bear); consentīs (m. pl.), epithet of the twelve chief deities, the Colleagues (com esse); dext-ans (m.), five-sixths (lit. a sixth off, de-sexto-); dodrans (m.), three-fourths, lit. a fourth off (deqvadro-); infans, an infant (in, fā-ri); occid-ens (sc. sol), the west (occid-ere, to fall); oriens, the east (öriri, to rise); părens (m. f.), a parent (părě-re); rúdens (m.), a cable; serpens (m.f.), a snake (serpère, to crawl); sextans, à sixth (sexto-); torrens, á boiling rushing stream (torré-re, to burn); tri-ens (m.), a trithing, i.e. a third (tri-). l-en-ti pesti-l-ens, pestilential (pesti-); pět-ul-ans, saucy (comp.

petul-cus from pět-ere). -S-ti agre-stis, of the fields (agro-); cæle-stis, heavenly (cælo-). Eng

Comp. also dăm-esti-cus, $ 769, silv-est-ris, $ 9o4, ñg

est-ās, pot-est-as, $ 811. -āti Adjectives expressing origin.

cūj-ās, of what country (cujo-); infernas, of the lower country (inferno-); infim-ātis, one of the lowest rank (infimo-); nostrās, a countryman of ours (nostro-); optim-ās ($ 418), one of the best party (optimo-); pěn-ates (m. pl.), household gods (pěno-, store); summ-ātes (m. pl.), men of the highest ranks (summo-); súpernas, of the upper country (superno-).

Similarly from Italian towns: Antiās, a man of Antium (Antium); Ardeas (Ardea); Arpīnas (Arpīnum); Atīnas (Atina); Căpēnas (Căpēna); Căsīnas (Căsīnum); Ferentīnas (Ferentīnum); Fidēnas (Fidēnæ but Fidēna, Verg.); Frůsinas (Frůsino); Lārínas (Larinum); Răvennas (Răvenna); Sarsinas (Sarsina); Urbinas (Urbīnum). āt damnas (cf. $ 445), condemned (damnā-re); săti-ās, a glut

(sătiā-re). -t-at So usually, not tāti-; cf. § 445. For the preceding short 810

vowel, e.g. itas, see § 213. 6; lėtas, $ 213. 5.c and 42; for its omission 245. Abstract substantives, derived chiefly from adjectives (from 500 to 600 in number, according to L. Meyer): all feminine.

ăcerbi-tas, tartness (acerbo-); ædili-tas, ædileship. (ædili-); æqvāli-tas, equality (æqvali-); æqvi-tas, fairness (@qvo-); æs-tas, summer (for æsti-tas, æstu-); -tas, age (ævo-, $ 94); æterni-tas, eternity (æterno); affini-tas, relationship by marriage (affint);