tible. To do this it is only necessary to impregnate them with brine thoroughly. But it may be carried still further, and the wood turned wholly to stone; and thus the wood is first charged with salt, then with sulphate of iron, and dried, then charged with a solution of muriate of lime; this latter, coming in contact with the sulphate of iron, decomposes the wood and forms an insoluble compound -sulphate of lime or gypsum. The ,wood then becomes stone, and yet retains toughness.

The chief merit of this apparatus is its extreme simplicity and the economy with which it operates. The solution of salt, or brine, which is used in most cases, both for curing meat and wood, is not costly. No more of it is expended than the meat or wood takes up; the balance is returned to the cistern and serves for another, or other operations. If a little sweetening matter or spices be added, the cost is not greatly increased, and for the other operations contemplated upon wood the same applies, for most of the required solutions are made from the cheapest ingredients. The apparatus, constructed of metal, will last for centuries. If it should get out of order, the rudest mechanic in the country can put it to rights. A boy of fourteen years of age can work it as well as a man. In fine, although many of the principles involved are not new ones, yet it so happens that no other apparatus heretofore invented rendered thein of public utility, on account of great expense, while by this one, they can be made practically, cheaply useful.

Such are the benefits which will arise to the agricultural world from this invention. Of its power to serve commerce in ship-building, in the construction of railroads, bridges, &c., it is not here necessary to speak.

All that has been stated, is the result of actual experiment, and may be daily witnessed at Mr. Davison's packing esta blishment in Leroy street near West, and the truth of these representations tested. A view of the apparatus will surprise and gratify far more than the statements here made.-American Agriculturist.

CUTTING APPLE AND PEAR SCIONS.These may be cut at any time between January and the time of setting. Febru ary and March are good months, in case

care is taken that the scions are well kept. They should not be buried in a wet place, and they must not be kept dry. Earth that is not very moist may be covered over them in the cellar, but the scions should be so spread out that the earth may come in contact with each

one.

Scions cut at this season are set with more ease than such as are cut on the day of setting, for the bark is not so apt to peal. We have more leisure then to cut them carefully than we have in April or May.-Mass. Ploughman.

HOW TO INCREASE THE FRUITFULNESS OF ORCHARDS.-Alkaline or ammoniacal preparations have been applied to young trees, as well as old ones, for the purpose of stimulating their growth, and accelerating their fruitfulness, such as whitewashing their trunks and branches, rubbing them with soapsuds, and spreading round their roots lime, gypsum, charcoal, soot, ashes, &c. If you apply it to vines, or to young apple trees, there is nothing that contributes more to make them bear an abundance of fruit; nor does this only produce a greater increase, but it also improves both the taste and flavour of the apples. [Am. Agricul.

WHEAT, BARLEY, OATS.-One hundred parts of the stalks of wheat yield 15,5 parts of ashes. The same quantity of barley, 8,54; and oats only 4,42 parts. Thus as the demands of each of these plants for the alkaline elements of their growth is different, one may be raised on ground which may have ceased to produce the others; and this is what is daily witnessed land refusing to yield wheat, and yet affording excellent crops of oats, the proportion of alkali required by which is so comparatively small compared with the demands of the wheat crop. How readily, then, may a good soil for oats be rendered productive in wheat by the simple addition of some alkaline dressing, all the other requisites of fertility having been before present. [C. W. Johnson.

TO RENDER PAPER INCOMBUSTIBLE.Pound a quantity of alum in a mortar, add to it a small quantity of gunpowder, and dissolve the whole in three times its weight of water over a slow fire. Paper dipped 2 or 3 times while warm, and then dried, will be incombustible.-SEL.

POETRY.

Happy at Home.

Let the gay and the idle go forth where they will,

In search of soft Pleasure, that syren of ill; Let them seek her in Fashion's illumined sa

loon,

Where Melody mocks at the heart out of

tune;

Where the laugh gushes light from the lips of the maiden,

While her spirit, perchance, is with sorrow o'erladen ;

And where, mid the garlands, Joy only should braid,

Is Slander, the snake, by its rattle betray'd. Ah! no! let the idle for happiness roam, For me I but ask to be "happy at home!"

At home! oh how thrillingly sweet is that word!

And by it what visions of beauty are stirr'd!
I ask not that Luxury curtain my room
With damask from India's exquisite loom;
The sunlight of heaven is precious to me,
And muslin will veil it it blazing too free;
The elegant trifles of Fashion and Wealth
I need not-I ask but for comfort and health!
With these, and my dear ones-I care not to

My 6, 20, 17, 7, 8, 12, is a town in the U. States.

My 7, 17, 19, is a river in British America. My 8, 3, vowel, 10, is a settlement in British America.

My 9, 17, 7, 18, is a town in the Russian Empire.

My 10, 2, 13, 1, 18, is a town on the island of Niphon.

tra.

My 11, 7, 10, 14, 18, is a gulf in Europe. My 12, 5, 6, 7, 20, 8. is a town in Suma

My 13, 2, 6, 9, is a town in the Chinese Empire.

My 14, 10, 7, 11, 12, is a lake in Europe. My 15, 16, 3, is a river in Russia.

My 16, 14, 8, 11, is a range of mountains in Africa.

My 17, 7, 20, is a county in Virginia. My 18, 1, 3, 5, 15, is one of the Bahama Islands.

My 19, 14, 9, 16, 2, is a town in Africa. My 20, 17, 1, 7, is a river in Europe. My whole is the name of a lake in the U. States. MARTIN F. TUTUILER.

THE AMERICAN MAGAZINE. AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. With numerous Engravings. Edited by Theodore Dwight.

Is published weekly, at the office of the New York Express, No. 112 Broadway, at 4 cents a number, or, to subscribers paying in advance, $2 a year. 7 sets for $10. Monthly, in covered pamphlets, at same price. Rare seeds sent to Subscribers.

Postmasters are authorized to remit money, and are requested to act as agents.

Enclose a Two Dollar Bill, without payment of postage, and the work will be sent for the year.

303

pointed arch, and were sometimes ex-
tended through the first and second sto-
ries. Oriel windows were common and
various; and dormer windows were con-
structed with acute-angled, projecting ga-
bles, finished with pendants, pinnacles,
ornamented barge-boards, &c. The chim-
but
groups,
ney shafts were continued in
made plain, except a moulding at the
base, and a projection at the top.

"This style afforded convenient interior arrangements, though their beauty was often marred by grotesque carving, and other "scientific deformities." It harmonizes well with much of the scenery in this country, and costs but little more than the box style, so common with us: but it lacks one important feature of a comfortable country, or suburban residence-verandahs--which may, however, be added, with great propriety.

The Gothic was restricted to 'ecclesiastical edifices till the time of Henry VII. who applied it to dwellings in the Tudor, or old English style, which was perfected in the time of Henry VIII. and modified as above, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and wholly supplanted by the Byzantine, or Stuart style, when the Stuart family succeeded to the British throne, in the person of James I.

"Designs in the pointed style, (like that on our first page), with high roofs, acute-angled gables, and generally prevailing perpendicular lines, require that pointed trees prevail, to give harmony to the scene."

We find the estimates for the cost of the building above depicted, with the dimensions, as follows:

"Mason's bill, $288,34 cts.
Carpenters' " 684,40
Painters'
52,78 "

Total,

$1025,52

brown stone, 4 feet, by 20 inches. Kitchen hearth of blue stone, 3 by 4 feet, 2 in. thick, laid in mortar on the floor; 3 blue stone sills in the cellar windows; the cistern covered with blue flagging, laid on locust supporters.

Brickwork.-Walls 8 in. thick, and 16 high on the foundation and cellar walls; bricks set on the edge in mortar, secured by wood brackets, between all the exterior studs; a chimney of good bricks, with one fire-place and two flues, one commencing in the cellar, with a branch extending to the dead space behind the cellar, for ventilating.

Plastering. The first and second stories to be lathed and plastered with one heavy coat of brown mortar, floated off and hard-finished; the kitchen to be skiffed and whitewashed.

Frame. Of sound spruce or pine, square timber. The sills, trimmers, posts and framing-beams, 4 by 8; girts and window-studs 4 by 6; rafters and collarbeams 3 by 6; first and second tiers of beams 3 by 8; 16 inches between centers; braces 3 by 4; studding for outside and partitions 3 by 4; and set 16 in.

between centers.

Covering. Of the side, clear boards 3-4 thick and 8 1-2 in. wide, rebated and lapped 1 1-4 in. and put on with 10d. nails. The water tables, corner boards, gutters and other exterior trimmings, of clear seasoned plank.

Roofs. Of hemlock or spruce boards, covered with best white pine shingles, three thick; valleys opened 3 in. and The lined with sheet lead 15 in. wide. bay-window roof of tin, on milled plank, face downward, beaded and center-beaded. Four 3 in. tin leaders.

Cornice to be made, with plain moulded projections, supported by brackets 4 by 5 in, with moulded steps and caps: Design 9, the cornices moulded and project 30 in the gutters of plank, put together with white lead.

Floors. -- Of good milled plank, put down with 12d nails.

Windows.-To be made, with square heads. In first story, 7 windows, 8 lts. 10 by 16- -one double w. 16 lts. 8 by 15. In second story, two w. 8 lts. 10 by 15. -two w. 12 lts. 9 by 15. In cellar, 3 w. 3 lts. each, 10 by 14, the sashes hung by butts on the tops. All the sashes 1 1-4 in. thick, and double hung with weights and cord,all the windows in

Blinds.-Square, moulded, moving blinds to all the windows in first and second stories, hung by welded straps and hooks, and secured by patent fastenings. The angular heads in design 9 to be stationary.

Base. Of clear plank, 1 1-4 thick in first story, and 7-8 in the second, put down in the usual manner.

Doors.--The front door 1 3-4 thick, moulded both sides, hung by 5 in butts, and fastened by a seven in. rim lock. All other doors 1 14 thick, four panels moulded on one side, hung by 4 by 4 butts, and secured by 5 in. rim locks with mineral knobs. All the casings made and put on as in plates 29 and 30.

Stairs-To the cellar, an open step ladder, with sides two in thick, and wide steps 1 1 4 thick. From the first story to the second, in Design 8, an open staircase, a wrought and capped newel, square balusters, a moulded rail and string, as in Fig. 4, Plate 29-in Design 9, enclosed by narrow tongued and grooved clear boards, extending 3 ft. above second floor, capped and moulded.

Closets, &c.-China closet, with ten shelves on two sides. Kitchen pantry with four shelves on each of these sides. A sliding sash between the closets. Presses, each to have a shelf and 1 1-2 dox. clothes hooks. The linen closet to have 3 shelves 1 1-4 thick, and 2 ft. wide, with uprights in the center.

Mantles. In the parlor, with moulded and open uprights, ogee bed mould and bead, and 1 12 in shelf. A three in. border to the hearth. Materials for the interior trimmings seasoned and clear.

Cistern.--To have a neck, with a rack and lid hung by butts, and a good wood pump.

Woodhouses, &c.--Seven ft. by 11,posts 7 ft.--the roof and sides covered as the dwelling. One part, 4 by 6 feet finished with a floor, base, seats with lids hung by butts a panel door hung by butts and fastened by a latch bolt,-a four light window with a stationary blind. The other part of the building to be open in front.

Painting.--All the exterior trimmings and sides to have two good coats of pure

lead and best linseed oil, put on at proper times. The last coat may be shaded a light brown or drab. The interior trimmings all to have two coats of white lead, neatly put on. The blinds to have three coats, the last two, a substantial green. ESTIMATE OF THE LABOR AND MATERIALS. Mason's Bill. 87 yds excavation, 10 cts.; 77 Ids. ston, 75 cts.: $66 45. 5800 hard brick, $4 50; 4300 salmon brick $3 00: $39 00. 12 ft.. hearth, 16 cts.; 40 ft. flagging, 12 cts.: 6 72. 3 window sills, 50 cts.; 1 brown stone hearth, $2: 3. 50. 69 loads of sand, 35 cts. ; 6 bush. white sand, 10 cts.: 24 75. 31 casks of lime, 100; 2 casks lump lime, 1 38: 33 76. 2 casks plaster, 175; 1 cask cement, 150: 5 00. 12 bushels of hair, 20 cts.; 6500 plastering lath, 3 00: $21 90; 58 lbs. nails, 7 cts. ; 4 stove pipe rings, 30 cts. 5 26. 4 ventilation registers, 1 00; 12 loads carting, 40 cts.: 800; 32 days mason's labor, 1 50; 28 days laborer, 90 cts.: 73 20-$288 34 cts.

Carpenter's Bill. 3986 ft timber, 16, 25; 135 joists, 14 cts.: 83 66; 43 feet locust, 10 cts.; 120 hmlk. boards, 13 cts. $19 90. 291 piece planks, 29 cts; 318 piece boards, 19 cts: 144 81. 16 bun. shingles, 2 50; 144 floor planks, 25 cts. 76 00. 170 ft. 2 and 1 2 in. clear pk. 3 1-2 cts; cistern pump, 6 00: 11 95. 75 ft. blinds, 70 ets; 61 ft. tin roof, 11 cts. 59 21. 56 lts. glass, 10 by 16, 20 cts.; 16 lts. 9 by 16, 20 cts: 14 40. 16 lts. 10 by 15, 19c.; 24 lts. 9 by 15, 19 cts.: 760. 9 lts. 10 by 14, 16c.; 4 lts. 9 by 12, 15 cts.: 2 04; 65 ft. leader, 10 cts. ; 260 lbs. sheet lead, 6 cts.: 22 10. 400 lbs. nails, 4, 8, 10 and 12d.; 52 axle pulleys, 6 cts: 20 12. 290 lbs. sash cord, 31 cts.: 7 66. 2 gr. 34 screws, Nos. 7 and 9, 20c. ; 2 gr. 1 1-4 No. 11, 41c.: 122. 1 front door lock, 1 50; 13 5 in. rim locks, 1 31: 18 53. 2 latch bolts, 60 cts.; 15 prs. 4 by 4 butts, 22 cts. 450. 3 prs. 3 in. butts, 10 cts.; 3 sash bolts, 20 cts.: 90 cts. 127 ds. carpenter's labor, 1 40; 30 lds. carting, 40 cts. 189 80.- -$684 40.

35.

Painters' Bill.--275 lbs. white lead, 700; 14 galls. linseed oil, 65 cts. : $28, 1 gal. sp. turpentine, 70 cts. ; 3 lbs. litharge, 6 cts.: 88. 10 lbs. putty, 5 cts.; 1 lb. glue, 25 cts.: 75 cts. Carting, 2 00; 13 ds. painter's labor, 1 60: 22 80- -$52 78. Total Cost, $1025 52.