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wood, on the Philosophy of the Infinite. M. Vera is already known in French literature by his "Introduction to the Philosophy of Hegel," which gives the best account in French of the Hegelian system.

The subject of the Atonement is exciting considerable discussion in England as well as in this country. Prof. Jowett's indefinite views are combated in various forms. The late Hulsean lecturer at Cambridge, has published five sermons, on Sacrifice, the Atonement, Vicarious Oblation of Christ, and the Punishment of Sin. Several Oxford men have preached a series of discourses on "Christian Faith and the Atonement," which has been issued in one volume; Dr. Pusey and the bishop of Oxford are among the number; John McCampbell, "The Nature of the Atonement" is issued at Cambridge.

Ruskin's "Modern Painters," vol. iv., is published in admirable style. Whatever be the extravagancies of this author, he has done more than any living Englishman to ensure a thorough criticism of works of art, to restore the standard of nature, and to cultivate the philosophy of the beautiful.

The second and last volume of Prof. Creasy's "History of the Ottoman Turks;" the fifth vol. of Merivale's "Romans under the Empire;" the second vol. of Froude's "England from the Fall of Wolsey;" the first vol. of Peel's Memoirs; Oxford Essays, 1856; T. T. Meadows, "The Chinese and their Rebellions;" the 4th vol. of Lord John Russel's Memorials of Fox, are among the new works.

FRANCE.

The second and third volumes of the "Spicilegium Solesmense," edited by T. B. Pitra, contain works and fragments of the Fathers on Symbolism; among other articles, the Key of Melito, bishop of Sardis, long supposed to be irrevocably lost. This, as well as his other writings, in Syriae and Latin. It is doubtful whether the "Key" really belongs to him; it is given only in a Latin translation, with commentaries upon it. This "Spicilegium" is to extend to ten volumes. It is named from Solesme, on the Sarthe, whose cloister was purchased in 1833, by friends of Chateaubriand, to plant there a branch of the Congregation of St. Maur, which in the 17th and 18th centuries was so fruitful in learned works, as the names of D'Achery, Mabillon, Ruinart, Le Nourry, De la Rue, Montfaucon, and Maran, testify.

The French Academy of Inscriptions and Belles Lettres, has in press, a second volume of Western Narratives of the Crusades; a seventh volume of Charters and Diplomas; the 23d vol. of the Literary History of France; the 21st vol. of its Memoirs; the 5th vol. of Memoirs by learned Foreigners; and the 18th vol. of Notices of MSS., with extracts.

The third volume of the Catalogue of the Imperial Library, in the Department of History, is issued in 4to., 24 francs; it contains 19,521 titles; a fourth volume will contain the Political History to our Times. The first vol. of the Catalogue of Medical Works is in the press.

Five different editions of the Memoirs of Duke Saint-Simon are in the course of publication at Paris; they embrace the age of Louis XIV and the Regency.

The Society of Men of Letters, Paris, has received an anonymous donation of 10,000 francs to be distributed in prizes; the following topics are assigned, the prize for each to be 1500 francs; Criticism and Critics in the 19th century; Madame Emile de Girardin; the New Paris, a poem; Cotemporary Morals and Manners, in Paris or the Provinces. The MSS. to be handed in before the 31st of December, 1856.

The work of M. de Remusat, "England in the Eighteenth Century," 2 vols., is highly praised, as an animated sketch and review, doing better justice to England than most of the French writers.

Edmond de Pressense, has published a small, but critical work, on the "Strife between Hippolytus and Callistus, about Clerical Absolution." He adopts the view of Bunsen, that the Philosophumena is by Hippolytus, and applies its result against the modern Romish pretentions.

The forty-fifth volume of Didot's Scriptorum Græcorum Bibliotheca, contains the Erotici Scriptores, text with a Latin translation, viz.: Parthenius, Achilles Tatius, Longus, Xenophon Ephesius, Heliodorus, Chariton Aphrodisiensis, Antonius Diogenes, Jamblichus, Eumathius, Apollonius Tyrius, Nicetas Eugenianus.

A new life of Christopher Columbus has been prepared, in two volumes, by Roselly de Lorgues, from original documents in Italy and France.

Albert de Broglie, "The Church and the Roman Empire in the Fourth Century," 2 vols. This is the beginning of a work, which is intended to give a complete picture of these times. The first two volumes are devoted to Constantine; the third will be upon Julian the Apostate; the fourth upon Theodosius the Great.

Augustin Thierry, the founder of the new school of French historians is deceased. The report of his conversion to the Catholic faith is erro

neous.

Amedee Thierry has collected into two volumes, with additions, his work on Attila and his Successors in Europe.

ITALY.

T. G. Pitzipios, a convert to Rome from the Oriental church, has published a work on the "Oriental Church," printed at the Propaganda, reviewing the history of the Ecclesiastical division of the Eastern and Western churches, and designed to facilitate their reunion. This work is written in the interest of the "Oriental Christian Society," established at Paris in 1855, of which the author was the founder. In 1852 he had already published at Malta, an attack on the priesthood of the Oriental churches.

J. M. Callery, author of a work on the Chinese Signs, has published at Turin, a translation of the "Li-Ki, or Memorial of Rites;" this is one of the five King, or, canonical books of the Chinese, and has not

been previously translated into any European language. Goubil translɛted the Chon-King, in 1771; Regis the Y-King; and Lacharme the ChiKing (published in 1834.) These works are held in the greatest veneration by the Chinese, being edited by Confucius. The Li-Ki contains an account of the sacraficial system of the Chinese.

A Hebrew Moral Essay, "The Duties of the Heart," written first in Arabic in the eleventh century, by a Spanish Jew, M. Beckai, is to be translated from the MSS. issued at Florence.

The Diary of John Burchard, master of ceremonies to the Papal Court, 1484-1513, is to be published in full at Florence, for the first time. The court of Rome would be glad to suppress its revelations, which cover the pontificates of Alexander VI., Pius III., and Julius II. It forms a part of a new collection of Writers of Italian History.

GERMANY.

The University of Erlangen is growing in repute. It had last year, 539 students; ten years since only 335. Of its students 112 are from other countries; 257 study Theology, 134 Law, 104 Medicine, etc. Dr. Hofmann, author of the "Scriptural Proof of Doctrine," has declined a call to Leipsick; Dr. Engelhardt well known by his Church History, History of Doctrines, and other writings, died, Sept. 13, 1855.

Count Uwarrow, President of the Imperial Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburgh, recently deceased, was the author of several works of merit, e. g., on the mysteries of Eleusis, third edition in 1816; of Alexander and Bonaparte; on Homer and Hesiod, 1818; on Göethe, 1833; besides a volume of Philological and Critical Essays, 1843. Leipsick Repertorium. Prof. C. G. Reinhold of Jena, born in 1793, died in Sept. 1855, was the author of many works in Philosophy, avoiding the extremes of the later German Speculations; a Life of K. C. Reinhold, 1825; Logic, 1827; a general History of Philosophy, 3 vols. 1830; Metaphysics, third edition, 1854; a compendious History of Philosophy, fourth edition in two volumes 1854; Psychology, 1835; Outline of the sciences of Practical Philosophy, 1837.

At the same University, Prof. Bachmann died in Sept., 1855, having taught there since 1813. His chief works are, Aesthetics among the Greeks, 1811; on Philosophy and its History, 1811; History of Philosophy, 1820; Logic, 1828; on Hegel's System, 1833; Anti-Hegel, 1835.

The University of Königsberg reports, for the past semester, 355 students; 83 in Theology; 137 in Law; 79 in Medicine; 56 in Philosophy. A new edition of Dr. J. W. Shaefer's "Handbook of the History of German Literature" has been published; this has the reputation of being an excellent manual. M. R. Brouck, of the gymnasium of Gouda, in Holland, has published a series of chronological tables of German Literature, from the earliest times. Jos. Wenzig, "History and Literature of the Bohemians," in one volume.

Dr. F. Pfaff in his "Accounts of Creation, with special reference to the

Bible," defends the Mosaic Cosmogony, on the ground that geology discloses six periods corresponding to the work of the Six Days.

The third part of the second volume of Böhringer's "Church History in Biographies," is devoted to the German mystics of the middle ages, Tauler, Suso, Ruysbroek, Groot, Radevynzoon, and Thomas à Kempis.

The second volume of Bindemann's "St. Augustine," follows the first after an interval of eleven years; it is thorough, from the sources; a third will complete the work.

The Travels of Prince Waldemar of Prussia in 1844–6, in India, have been published, from his MSS. and drawings, in two large folios, with more than a hundred sketches, and several maps and plans. Prince W. died in 1849.

The completion of Bunsen's work on Egypt is announced by Perthes ; it is to be in five volumes; the second will comprise the Old Kingdom; the third, the Middle and New Kingdom; the fourth, the Social State; the fifth, the Beginning and the Age of the World. His eras extend far back beyond the received chronology. Dr. M. Uhlemann has published an essay on the Israelites and Hyksos in Egypt.

The second volume of Scherr's History of Religion is announced; the first volume of a work on the "Heroic Age of Christianity," by H. Kritzler, describes the conflict of Christianity with Heathenism in the first three centuries.

J. Brandis has published a work on "The Historical Gain from the deciphering of the Assyrian Inscriptions," with a discussion of the principles on which the inscriptions are to be interpreted.

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The Thesaurus Hymnologicus" of Dr. H. A. Daniel, is now completed, by the publication of the fifth volume, containing supplements to the sequences, and full indices. The whole work can be obtained for eight dollars.

Dr. G. Klemm, favorably known by his researches upon the History of Culture, has written on the "Condition and Influence of Woman in different countries," two volumes are published.

The Greek text, revised, with a Latin translation of the "Refutation of all the Heresies" by Hippolytus, is given in Duncker and Schneidervin's new edition. The first fasciculus contains Books I., IV., V.

In Vienna, 59 Journals are published; 25 devoted to science and art; the remainder chiefly political.

Dr. Herzog's Real-Encyclopàdie für Protestantische Theologie und Kirche is now in its fifth volume. Each volume is to contain on an average between four or five hundred articles. It is a most able work. The articles are not mere excerpts or collections, but studied and thorough. Among the contributors, numbering about 100, are the names of Bertheau, Delitzsch, Dieckhoff, Dietlien, Ebrard, Engelhardt, Gass, Goebel, Goeschel, Hagenbach, Hahn, Henke, Heppe, Hoffmann, Hundeshagen, Jacobson, Kurtz, Lange, Leo, Mejer, Mueller, Ochler, Palmer, Reuchlin, Schenkel, Schwarz, Semisch, Tholuck, Uhlhorn, Wichern, and many others. Dr. Bomberger's abridged translation has reached the second part. It is a rich fund for ministers and students.

Dr. J. Geffcken, of Hamburg, has published an important work, the fruits of twenty years of research, upon the "Pictorial Catechisms of the Fifteenth century," and to the time of Luther. The word catechism was first used by Luther in the strict modern sense. This work, also, contains a full account of the German Bibles before Luther's. In his own translation he made free use of them. Dr. G. is also the author of the best work on the "Ten Commandments," 1838, giving the history of the different divisions of the Decalogue.

K. Schwarz, Prof. at Halle, in his "History of the latest Theology," Halle, 1856, reviews and criticises in a lively style, the recent parties and tendencies in Germany, beginning with Strauss's "Life of Jesus." He is far from being either profound in philosophy, or evangelical in sentiment; though his criticisms are sometimes sharp, and his delineations are animated.

Dr. F. Oehler has begun at Berlin a new work, to be comprised in five volumes, the "Corpus Hæreseologicum." The first volume comprises minor Latin Hæreseologists, with the title, "Philastri, Augustini, Prædestinati, Pseudo-Tertulliani, Pseudo-Hieronymi, Isidori, Paul, Honorii de hæresibus et Gennadii de ecclesiasticis dogmatibus libri."

The first part of the second volume of Dr. J. H. Kurtz' "Handbook of German Church History," contains the History of the German Church, from the fourth century to the ninth, the end of the Carlovingian period. The first volume in three parts, carried down the history of the Greek church to the tenth century.

Hagenbach continues his instructive "Lectures on Ancient Church History," by a second volume, giving sketches from the 4th to the 6th century of the leading events and representative men. Church history

is in no other work made so popular and readable.

J. F. Buss, of Mayence has raised a monument to the memory of Thomas à Becket in his work, "St. Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury and Primate of England." He depicts him as the valiant champion of the freedom of the Church.

Dr. Karl Hase, the church historian, in his "Francis of Assisi," gives a vivid sketch of the saint, from the Protestant point of view, freed from the legendary matter.

Dr. H. A. Daniel's "Thesaurus Hymnologicus" is completed by the publication of a fifth volume, containing supplementary matter. This is now the most complete collection of ancient hymns. It can be procured in this country for about eight dollars.

The subscription for the monument to Kant, by Rauch, has reached the sum of 6,000 Thalers; 10,000 are needed. The model is completed, and soon to be cast.

The Wartburg and Luther's tower, are to be restored by the Grand Duke of Weimar; 13,000 Thalers are assigned to this work.

The comet of 1556 is expected to reappear the present year. The work of P. Fabricius, containing his observations, has been long sought for in vain, but is now said to have been discovered by M. Littnow at Vienna, VOL. V.-22

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