15 θαμά κε, τῷδε μέλει κλιθείς, ὕμνον κελάδησε καλλίνικον ποικ. κιθ. with ἐθάλπετο, after which editors have put the comma, disregarding the position of кe. 15. Tode μéλet.] For the dat. cf. Ο1. Ι. 92, 'Αλφεοῦ πόρῳ κλιθείς. Here perhaps Tode is 'such,' cf. Ol. IV. 24, Nem. IX. 42, Aesch. Ag. 942, víkηv Tývde. Render' devoting himself (Paley) to such a strain.' Mezger, 'an dieses Lied sich anschliessend= mein Lied mit der Kithara begleitend.' If the father of Timâsarchos was a lyric poet,' as Don. and Dissen say, Pindar would probably not use language that would make him manifestly inferior to himself. But Mezger more cautiously calls the father only a musician, which is all that can be strictly inferred from the passage. Even so the Oaus and the aorist suggest that Tde should not be limited to the present ode, especially as three victories are immediately mentioned. 16. uvov.] Bergk (2nd ed.) reads vióv, which suits viv infra v. 21 well. Possibly, however, uvov would just stand if we take καλλίνικον as a second accus. 'a noble victor' (cf. Ol. xI. 78, Aristoph. Acharn. 1232, ἀλλ ̓ ἑψόμεσθα σὴν χάριν | τήνελλα καλλίνικον ᾄδοντες σὲ καὶ τὸν ἀσκόν). If the ambiguity be objected to, the alternative is to regard μvov as corrupt, derived from "uvov, v. 11. The slight deviation of Bergk's viòv from the мs. reading is no very special recommendation, but it might be accepted were it not that the Schol. seems to have had a different reading. The comment is ovvEXWS ἂν τούτῳ τῷ μέλει καὶ ταύτῃ τῇ ᾠδῇ προσκλίνας ἑαυτὸν καὶ προσαγαγὼν ἀνευφήμησε καὶ ἀνεβάλετο τὴν γεγενημένην νίκην τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ Κλεωναίου ἀγῶνος τοῦ πέμψαντος πλῆθος καὶ ὁρμαθὸν στεφάνων. By comparing other Scholl. on keλadéw we are led to the inference that here 25 the verb was qualified in some way. I have thought of παῖδ ̓ ἀγκελάOnge. Some substantive denoting the victor is, as Bergk saw, almost needed to justify the change from the second person to the third vv. 21, 23, in spite of Dissen's' transitu maxime Pindarico.' He defends the change by Nem. v. 43, 45, but that passage (q. v.) does not really give such a transitus. If πέμψαντος be read v. 18, uvov may stand, or χάρμ ̓ ἀγκελάδησε, also suggested by the Schol., be proposed; but 'of one having sent' is much harsher than 'for having sent' (or 'brought ') with υἱὸν...πέμψαντα or παῖδ' ἀγκελ. ...πέμψαντα. Beware of rendering Téμavтa 'which brings' or 'which brought,' that had brought,' with those who take it in agreement with "uvov. Apart from grammatical considerations one hymn could hardly be mentioned as accompanying two or three victories unless it were the ode in progress, in which case we should expect the present or future participle. Those who like Prof. Paley do not stick at the transitus involved in viv had best, I venture to suggest, make the slight alteration Téμovтα, 'to escort.' The upshot of the discussion is that the retention of μvov involves great difficulties, and does not suit the Schol., that the substitution of viov does not suit the Schol., that πέμψαντα is incompatible with ὕμνον, that the v. 1. Téμyavтos is of inferior мs. authority, and though supported by the Schol, yet is clearly taken wrongly, is a very obvious grammarian's alteration (cf. μιχθέντι, Pyth. ix. 13, for μιχθέντα wrongly altered to agree with eŵ), and at best gives a very harsh construction, and that we should therefore decide in favour of πέμψαντα and against ὕμνον. Κλεωναίου τ ̓ ἀπ ̓ ἀγῶνος ὅρμον στεφάνων πέμψαντα καὶ λιπαρᾶν Στρ. γ'. εὐωνύμων ἀπ ̓ ̓Αθανᾶν, Θήβαις τ ̓ ἐν ἑπταπύλοις 30 20 ούνεκ' ̓Αμφιτρύωνος ἀγλαὸν παρὰ τύμβον Καδμεῖοί νιν οὐκ ἀέκοντες ἄνθεσι μίγνυον, Αἰγίνας ἕκατι. φίλοισι γὰρ φίλος ἐλθὼν ξένιον ἄστυ κατέδραμεν 17. Κλεωναίου.] Cf. Nem. x. 42. The citizens of Κλεωναὶ near Nemea managed the Nemean games for a long time, including the dates of these two odes Nem. IV. and x. and going back at least a generation. Cf. Plutarch, Vit. Arat. c. XXVIII. One Schol. on the Nemeans says that first the Kleônaeoi and then the Korinthians presided. ὅρμον στεφάνων.] The plur. of στέφανος is used in reference to a single victory, Pyth. II. 6, 111. 73, x. 26, Isth. III. 11, Nem. ΙΧ. 53. The victors probably carried home crowns given to them in the φυλλοβολία (Pyth. IX. 123, πολλὰ μὲν κεῖνοι δίκον | φύλλ ̓ ἐπὶ καὶ στεφάνους) as well as the prize chaplet. Hence the phrase a string (festoon) of crowns' might refer to one victory, or as here to two, and we need not charge the poet with having made ἐν Θήβαις dependent on στεφάνων, a very different construction from τὸ δὲ κλέος | τηλύθεν δέδορκε τὰν Ολυμπιάδων ἐν δρόμοις | Πέλοπος. It is possible that ὅρμον στεφάνων may refer to the crowns of the chorus, cf. Εur. Herc. Fur. 677, ἀεὶ δ ̓ ἐν στεφάνοισιν εἴην. The skeleton of the sentence is κελάδησε ὅ. στ. πέμψαντά τε ἀπὸ Κλ. καὶ ἀπ ̓ ̓Αθ. (νικῶντά) τε ἐν θ.α mild case of zeugma assisted by the previous καλλίνικον. 18. λιπαρᾶν.] For the two adjectives, one descriptive, the other complimentary, cf. Pyth. ix. 55, 106. 35 For λιπαρῶν cf. Frag. 54 [46], Isth. ΙΙ. 20. 20. Cf. Schol. on Ol. VII. 154 (84), τὰ ̔Ηράκλεια καὶ Ἰολάεια ἐτελεῖτο ἐν ταῖς Θήβαις, ἐδίδοτο δὲ τῷ νικήσαντι τρίπους χαλκοῦς. The Scholl. on Ol. Ix. 148 tell us that the Hêrakleia (Iolaia) at Thebes were held by the common monument of Amphitryôn and Iolâos, see also Pausanias IX. 23. 1, Θηβαίοις δὲ πρὸ τῶν πυλῶν ἐστὶ τῶν Προιτίδων (Ν.Ε.) καὶ τὸ Ιολάου καλούμενον γυμνάσιον καὶ στάδιον...ἐνταῦθα δείκνυται καὶ ἡρῷον Ιολάου. Pindar speaks of Ιολάου τύμβος in connection with these games, Ol. Ix. 98. For the other Theban games held outside the Gate of Elektra (s. w.) cf. Isth. III. 79. 21. μίγνυον.] For this use of μίγνυμι cf. 1. Ι. 22. The φυλλοβολία is probably referred to. Cf. note on v. 17, ὅρμον στεφάνων. Böckh quotes Pausanias, vi. 7. 1, Clem. Alex. Paedag. II. 8. 22. Αἰγίνας.] Thebe and Aegina were sisters, daughters of Asôpos by Metôpê. Cf. Ol. vi. 84, Isth. vII. 15. The Thebans applied to Aegina for aid against Athens when told by the Delphic oracle (B. c. 504) τῶν ἄγκιστα δέεσθαι [Mezger], Herod. v. 79, 80. φίλοισι φίλος. ] An adverbial phrase='on terms of mutual friendship.' 23. ξένιον.] 'Bound to welcome him,' rather than 'strange,' as Paley Ηρακλέος ὀλβίαν πρὸς αὐλάν. 25 σὺν ᾧ ποτε Τρωΐαν κραταιὸς Τελαμων πόρθησε καὶ Μέροπας Στρ. δ'. 40 καὶ τὸν μέγαν πολεμιστὰν ἔκπαγλον ̓Αλκυονῆ, οὐ τετραορίας γε πρὶν δυώδεκα πέτρῳ and Myers render. I take the Homeric sense 'hospes' to be older than the non-Homeric 'strange,' and agree to connect ξεῖνος < ξένιος (original meaning-connected') with ξυνὸς < ξυνιός, κοινὸς < σκονιὸς from SKAM or SKVAM, whence čúv, σúv, Lat. cum, con-. κατέδραμεν.] Old mss. give κατέSpaкev which Mommsen reads, rendering κaréop. X. 'venit et conspexit,' adding 'pós ex veniendo suspensum est.' The better sense and construction decide in favour of the text. The metaphor is from navigation, 'run ashore, into port;' so espaμev of a ship, Theognis. Dissen's κατέδραμεν = κατέδυ is not right. Mezger renders 'ran down through the city:' see next note. 24. Ἡρακλέος...αὐλάν.] Mezger thinks that the Hêrakleion outside the Gate of Elektra (Pausan. Ix. 11. 2) is meant, where the Aeginêtan probably sacrificed before the games held at the opposite side of the city. Müller's view however seems preferable, namely that 'the house of Amphitryôn' is intended, the lodgings of the competitors (KATαλύσεις τῶν ἀθλητῶν) being in the neighbourhood: comp. Böckh, Corp. Inscr. Gr. I. pp. 573 ff. (Don.). 25. Cf. Nem. III. 37, Apollodôros II. 6. 4, Il. v. 638. 26. Méporas.] Note the zeugma. These were the inhabitants of the Isle of Kos. Cf. Isth. v. 31. 27. Cf. O. and P. p. xxxvi. ̓Αλκυονῆ.] Α Giant slain by Hêrakles at Phlegra, the Isthmus of Pallênê probably, cf. Schol. on 45 Nem. 1. 67 (100), Isth. v. 33 (47) (though Pindar may have placed the Gigantomachia in Campania); but according to the Schol. a giant whose kine Hêrakles was driving from Erytheia and who was killed at the Isthmus of Korinth. There seems to be a confusion with the legend of Gêryones by the Schol. Cf. Apollodoros I. 6. 1, II. 7. 1. The statement that Telamôn vanquished Alkyoneus may be in accordance with Aeginêtan legend, but the language need not be pressed. What Telamôn did with Herakles may include what Hêrakles did himself. Still Telamôn as oλirns may have given the coup de grace after Herakles as λòs had brought the giant down with his arrows. Cf. Isth. v. 33. 28. γε πρίν.] Cf. πρίν γε οἱ... χαλινὸν | Παλλὰς ἤνεγκ', ΟΙ. ΧΙΙΙ. 65. Elsewhere in Pindar πpiv as a conjunction takes the infinitive. TETρаopías.] The Homeric war chariots were bigae or trigae except in the case of Hektor, Il. VIII. 185, a suspected line, the Schol. Ven. denying that Homer ever mentions a quadriga. Amphiarâos has TEOрiTTOUS Eur. Supplices, 925. In Smith's Dict. of Ant. Art. Currus, the four-horse war chariots of postHomeric Greek literature are ignored. They were perhaps borrowed from the Persians. Cf. Xenoph. Cyropaed. vI. 1. 27, 28. Euripides gives four-horse war chariots to Hyllos and Eurystheus, Heracl. 802, 860, to Thebans and Argives generally Suppl. 667, 675, and mentions ἥρωάς τ ̓ ἐπεμβεβαῶτας ἱπποδάμους ἕλεν 30 δις τόσους. ἀπειρομάχας ἐών κε φανείη λόγον ὁ μὴ συνιείς· ἐπεὶ ῥέζοντά τι καὶ παθεῖν ἔοικεν. τὰ μακρὰ δ ̓ ἐξενέπειν ἐρύκει με τεθμὸς 35 ἴϋγγι δ ̓ ἕλκομαι ἦτορ νεομηνία θιγέμεν. such chariots for travelling (in flight) Hel. 1039, Ion, 1241. 29. ἐπεμβεβαῶτας.] This is a case of the strictly adjectival use of the participle, in which case the presence or absence of the article makes very little difference when the noun is definite. Cf. Nem. VII. 65. 30. δὶς τόσους.] The ἡνίοχος and παραβάτης of each of the twelve chariots. ἀπειρομάχας.] 'Manifestly without experience of battle is whoso understandeth not the saying: for "when achieving aught it is likely that one should suffer." For this saying cf. Aesch. Choëph. 305, δράσαντι παθεῖν, τριγέρων μῦθος τάδε φωνεῖ, where as Don. says the application is different, as the different tense of the participle shows. With the pres. the consequences of undertaking or beginning an action are considered, with the aorist the consequences of having done an action. Pindar has apparently adapted and extended the old formula which asserted that we must take the consequences of our conduct. Paley says 'Aristotle (Eth. Nic. v. ch. 8. init.) gives this ἐς τὸ ̔Ραδαμάνθυος δίκαιον, Εἴ κε πάθοι τά κ' ἔρεξε δίκη κ ̓ εὐθεῖα γένοιτο. Don. says Pindar refers to the trouble and loss sustained by Hercules and his followers before they could subdue the giant, hinting also that Timasarchos had suffered a good deal before he won his wrestling match.' So also the 50 Στρ. ε'. 55 Schol. who quotes from a tragedy τὸν ὁρῶντά πού τι καὶ παθεῖν ὀφεί λεται. 33. The due arrangement (of my ode) and the time (occupied by the procession and so allowed for the performance of the ode) pressing on prevent my telling at length the long tale.' Cf. Isth. 1. 60, πάντα δ' ἐξειπεῖν, ὅσ ̓ ἀγώνιος Ερμᾶς Ηροδότῳ ἔπορεν | ἵπποις, ἀφαιρεῖται βραχὺ μέτρον ἔχων | ὕμνος. τεθμός.] ‘The usual structure' (Mezger), the prescribed limits. Cf. Isth. v. 20, τέθμιόν μοι φαμὶ σαφέ στατον | τάνδ ̓ ἐπιστείχοντα νᾶσον ῥαινέμεν εὐλογίαις. 35. ἴϋγγι.] Cf. Pyth. iv. 214. 'I feel my heart drawn on by a charm to touch on the festival of the new moon.' But ivy may here mean a yearning,' as in Aesch. Persae, 968 (Ρ.), Aristoph. Lysistr. 1110. ἕλκομαι.] Cf. Theokr. II. 17, υγξ ἕλκε τὺ τῆνον ἐμὸν ποτὶ δῶμα τὸν ἄνδρα. The Schol. tells us that Iynx was daughter of Echô or Peithô, who having charmed Zeus into his passion for Iô was changed into a bird. νεομηνίᾳ.] Cf. Nem. III. 2, ἐν ἱερομηνίᾳ Νεμεάδι, explained by the Schol. as for ἱερονουμηνίᾳ because the beginning of the month is sacred to Apollo, and therefore the time of ἡ τῶν ἐπινίκων εὐωχία. Hence the poet does not here refer to the day of the victory in the ἔμπα, καίπερ ἔχει βαθεῖα ποντιὰς ἅλμα Nemean games, if G. F. Unger (quoted by Mezger) is right in placing the summer Nemean games on the 18th of the Attic month Hekatombaeôn. He certainly does not touch on ἡ τῶν ἐπινίκων εὐωχία, and therefore there is small reason for saying that he desires to do so. A more comprehensible explanation is to be found, without even making the poet say the celebration of the victory when he means the victory. Probably the Theban Hêrakleia were celebrated at the beginning of the month, for the theme which he now dismisses is closely connected both in grammar and mythical association with the Theban victory mentioned, v. 17. As for the tense οἱ ἴυγγι ἕλκομαι, the feeling remains though its effect has just past. The dè then is disjunctive, introducing a sort of apology for the previous digression. Bergk conjectures veoxuía (from Hesych.: νεοχμίη· κίνησις πρόσφατος), Hartung, νέᾳ μνείᾳ. 36. ura.] This refers back (cf. Nem. vi. 4) to v. 32, the general statement, as well as to the following clause which gives a particular application;--'notwithstanding the fact that worthy achievement involves suffering, though a deep sea (of detraction) has hold of thee by the middle, strain against the evil designs of foes. We shall surely be seen returning from the struggle in full light superior to our foes, while our adversaries, of envious mien (or blinded by envy') keep their ineffectual saws tossing in obscurity till they sink to the ground.' If we understand the metaphor to be from а man up to his waist in the sea, we destroy the force of Baleia. Pindar likens himself to a swimmer wrestling with a deep sea in foul weather. Though he were immersed all but head and shoulders, the sea, if likened to a wrestler, would be said to hold him by the waist, that grip being apparently the strongest known to the palaestra. His adversaries' inventions are the ineffectual waves of the sea of hostile criticism which are vanquished by the wrestling swimmer, who then comes to the haven of success in the light of fame. Thus χαμαιπετοῖσαν is a metaphor from wrestling as well as ἔχει μέσσον. Lit., v páe gives a condition of the swimmer's struggle, for if the shore were enveloped in gloom a swimmer would generally be unable to land. So Ulysses (Od. v. 439) Νῆχε παρέξ, ἐς γαῖαν ὁρώμενος εἴ που ἐφεύροι Ηϊόνας τε παραπλῆγας λιμένας τε θαλάσσης, cf. ib. 392. Metaph. èv páel='the bright season of success.' The language also suits the return home of a victorious wrestler (cf. Pyth. VIII. 83-87). I do not do away with the half false antithesis of ἐν φάει and σκότῳ, which suggests the secret whisperings of malice as much if not more than the obscurity of the whisperers. Thus instead of the mixture of metaphor with which this passage has been charged, we have one compound metaphor worked out regularly except in one minor detail. Donaldson is inaccurate in saying that Pindar compares his enemies to the waves of the sea. He should have said the γνώμαι κενεαὶ of his enemies are likened to waves. The consequent error of taking δαΐων ὑπέρτεροι in a physical sense would then afford a less Dantesque image,' as Mr Postgate calls it, as datwy would stand for δαΐων ἐπιβουλίας: but it seems right to explain the phrase, 'superior to (or victorious over ') foes.' The word vπéρrepos is almost |
