dums; fuch as, That in the filver groats and half groats, coined at York by Cardinal Wolfey, fome of which were in Dr. Sharpe's poffeffion, there is a Cardinal's hat under the King's arms, which was afterward one of the articles exhibited against him... That fome of the coins of the Commonwealth were the first monies of filver that England ever had which were milled, properly fo called, though the term is applied to fome fhillings of Queen Elizabeth. We may also mention here the money coined in Ireland by that unhappy prince James II. after he had left England: He was forced to melt down old brafs guns, and all forts of kitchen utenfils that he could come at, even of the most refufe metal, and of this ftuff he coined money to go as if it was fterling filver.' Bishop King takes notice of this; adding, that the metal was rated by the workmen at three pence or a groat a pound, but being coined into fixpences, fhillings, and halfcrowns, a pound weight of it made about five pounds in tale; and afterward, on recoining the half-crowns, as much more. This difhoneft money was made current under fevere penalties. Story, in his hiftory of the wars in Ireland, computes the fum at 1,100,000 pounds; Bifhop King fays 965,375 pounds. Archbifhop Sharpe inferts also the relation of a friend of Mr. Thoref by's; that, before James left the country, the brafs metal failed, on which 'recourfe was had to the pewter difhes and tin veffels, and these were to be coined into money; and fome pieces were actually coined, and a proclamation for the currency of it was prepared; but King William's paffing the Boyne hindered the publishing of it.'

One crown piece of this laft money, from a bag found in the Treafury at Dublin by the above-mentioned gentleman, the Archbishop had procured; the legend on its rim, he tells us, is, Melioris teffera fati.

No. XXXVI. Remarks on the Progrefs of the Roman Arms in Scotland, &c.

The two first letters in this number, which are addreffed to Mr. Nichols, are dated from Edinburgh, 1784 and 1785. They are figned Albanicus, and their remarks are principally relative to the fixth campaign of Agricola. The great object in view is to determine the scene of the laft decifive victory which was obtained by that eminent commander over the then barbarous inhabitants of North Britain. The method by which the writer profecuted his purpofe is thus expreffed: I read the history with attention, I draw the inferences of a foldier and an historian, and I leave my conjectures to be verified or difapproved by an examination of the country.' This plan he recommends to others who may amufe themselves with fimilar enquiries. The refult of thefe deliberations is, that the Kempflone-hill (fituated at the north-east end of the Grampian hills) muft be the place where

the

the Caledonian chief, Galgacus, was defeated by Agricola.. Al banicus exults in his difcovery: 1 own, fays he, when I fhall again furvey the hill where the brave Galgacus fought, I fhall be apt to throw off my fhoes, and fay the ground on which I ftand is confecrated to the fervour of our patriotism; I fhall hear the harangues of Galgacus, and of Agricola, founding in my ears with the eloquence of Tacitus; and, animated with the imaginary clashing of hoftile fhields, I fhall exclaim, My ancestors were defeated, but not fubdued; and I glory in the name of Albanicus.' Yet, notwithstanding this heroical rhapfody, Albanicus appears to be one in the number of difcontented and melancholy mortals; for he tells us, that he has taken refuge in antiquarian researches as a kind of opiate to the watchful care of a good citizen in a falling empire: again, he laments his misfortune in furviving the vir tue, the glory, and the happiness of his native country; and, farther, that he turns his eyes with averfion from the picture which the British annals prefent for the laft wretched twentyfour years.

It must be acknowledged, that the period on which he fixes is not very fplendid among our national records; yet we apprehend that, however it has fared with England, whofe inhabitants do indeed labour under very oppreffive burthens, North Britain has rather lifted up her head, and been improving of late years in commerce and riches. Nevertheless Albanicus frequently returns to his forrowful subject, and deplores the fituation of the Scots, as connected with the English, in fome ftrong expreffions, from which we infert the following as fomewhat fingular: I confider Scotland, my native country, as a rude but noble me- ̈ dallion, of ancient fculpture, which ought not to be defaced or forgotten in the cabinet of nations, becaufe it lies next to one more beautiful, more polished and elegant, but of lefs relief.

To thefe letters are annexed, a map of Caledonian Vefpafiana, by Richard of Cirencefter, and a plan of that part of the country in which the victory is fuppofed to have been obtained. We have alfo, on a third plate, a draught of what is called, by the country people, the Rae (or Roe) Dykes, but is generally believed to be a Roman camp, on the eftate of Ury, on the fhore of Kincardine. Some defcription of it is here given, and the draught was furnifhed by Robert Barclay of Ury, Efq. from an actual furvey in 1778.

A third letter in this number contains An Account of the Roman Camps of Battle-dykes, and Haerfauds, with the Via Militaris extending between them, in the County of Forfar. By the Rev. Mr. Jamelon, of Forfar, April 23, 1785. The relation here given is fenfible and amufing; it appears to have been formed from a very attentive and accurate furvey, and bears the marks of the diligence

diligence and the judgment of the Author. It is illuftrated by three engravings; two, which prefent us with a clear view of each of the camps above mentioned, and a third, which as exactly delineates the military way lying between them, being, at the leaft, as we fuppofe (for we do not observe that this is particularly mentioned), feven or eight miles in length. This military way is loft wherever the ground has been broken up, but is every where else very diftinct. Mr. Jamefon, fully perfuaded of its reality, applauds the caution and judgment with which the Romans conducted themfelves in an enemy's country, and efpecially in a country poffeffed by fuch intrepid and impetuous enemies as the Caledonians, of which he thinks we have, among other inftances, a ftriking relic in the road here fo carefully traced and defcribed, and which on feveral accounts was likely to prove very neceffary and beneficial.

This letter has a connection with the fubject immediately purfued in the foregoing paper; for the writer confiders it as almoft certain that the decifive battle between Galgacus and Agricola was not fought at Galgachaw-Rofs-Moor, near Comric, where Gordon places it in his Itinerarium. He concludes that it was a great way farther eaft, and mentions Stone-haven as the fpot, at or near which, the great and final conflict described by Tacitus was fuftained, or however that it was toward the eastern extremity of the Grampian mountains. Many and very prevalent arguments are employed by Mr. Jamefon in fupport of this opinion, which feems pretty much to accord with that of the foregoing antiquary (Albanicus) though they may not precifely fix on the fame piece of ground for the fcene of action. Yet this writer's remarks appear on the whole to give some additional ftrength to the conjectures and opinions of the former.

Two or three numbers more are publifhed, of this Bibliotheca, &c. which, in courfe, will be farther noticed in our Journal.

H.

ART. XV. A Treatise concerning the New Jerufalem, and its heavenly Doctrine, as revealed from Heaven. To which are prefixed fome Obfervations concerning the New Heaven and the New Earth. Tranflated from the Latin of the Hon. Emanuel Swedenborg, of the Senatorial Order of Nobles in the Kingdom of Sweden. Second Edition. 8vo. 2s. Boards. Evans, &c.

THE

HE life of this extraordinary man may be divided into three periods-viz. the poetical, the philofophical, and the theological. He began his literary career with the Muses, and ended it with angels. One of his earlieft productions is entitled, Ludus Heliconius: and his laft, Collectio Somnium. The fcene of his vifions was changed; and his dreams took a different colour from REV. May, 1787.

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the change but whether he flept on Parnaffus, or on the facred mount, he was equally the port of fancy; and

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would have equally fuited the young bard and the old theofopher.

The prefent work is a compendium of the good Baron's fyftem of myftical and practical divinity, which is illuftrated most amply in that huge pandect of Swedenborgifm, entitled, Acana Colefia, publifhed in London, at different times, from 1747 to 1758, in eight volumes quarro. It confifts of upwards of ten thousand diftinct fections, arranged in fyftematic order. It was exprefsly written for the purpose of unfolding the internal spiritual fenfe of Genefis and Exodus, and to fhew what wonderful fecrets the Author was let into, by means of the intimate acquaintance and correfpondence which he had established with the angels.

A few of thefe fecrets we will impart to our Readers ;—but if they are defirous of extending their knowledge through the various regions of the myftical world, and of exploring its hidden productions, we must refer them to our author's spiritual Atlas for full information.

'ARCANA.

The influx from the Lord is through the internal man into the external. The interiors may flow into the exteriors, and not contrariwife. Confequently, indux is fpiritual and not phyfical; that is, from the fpiritual man into the natural, and not from the natural into the spiritual!' [Sec Section nine thousand one hundred and eleven.}

The fphere of the infernal fpirits enters into conjunction with the fenfual principle of man from behind [à tergo]. They who rea foned from the fenfual principle, and thereby against the truths of faith, were called by the ancients, ferpents of the tree of knowledge.' [See § 10,313.]

The twelve difciples of the Lord reprefented the church in its. complex view, as to all things belonging to faith an charity, as did alfo the twelve tribes of Ifrael. Peter, James, and John reprefented faith, charity, and the goods of charity in their order. ... That there would be no faith in the Lord, becaufe no charity, in the laft time or ftate of the church, is reprefented by Peter's three times denying the Lord before the cock crew thrice; for Peter there fignifies faith in a reprefentative fenfe. The cock crowing, as well as the twilight, fignifies the laft time of the church; and three times fignifies a thing completed to its end.... All the perfons and places contained in the word fignify things abftracted from them.

By means of temptations the Lord [Jefus] united the divinity which was in him by conception, with the humanity, and fo made the humanity divine.... By means of temptations and the victories which he acquired therein, he expelled whatever was hereditary in him from his mother, and put off the humanity which he had received from her, even fo far as no longer to become her fon..... Jehovah, who was in him by conception, appeared in his ftates of temptation to be abfent.

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The fpirit of a man, after the death of the body, appeareth in the fpiritual world in a human form, juft as in the natural world. It enjoyeth alfo the fame faculties of feeing, hearing, fpeaking, and feeling, as in the natural world; and it retaineth the fame power of thinking, willing, and acting, which it had in the natural world. In a word, it is in every refpect a man as in the natural world, faving that grofs body of flesh and blood which it laid afide by death, and which it never reaffumes.

The Word is for the ufe of man, and alfo for the use of angels, and accommodated to each. It is a means of union between heaven and earth. There is an internal fenfe in the Word, in the confequence of the Word's having defcended from the Lord to man through the three heavens. Thereby it was accommodated to the angels of the three heavens, and also TO MEN.... The Word in its internal fenfe contains innumerable things which exceed all human conception and things inexplicable, or that cannot be uttered: which are reprefented only to angels, and understood by them. Thofe fecrets do not appear in the fenfe of the letter. Yet if a fingle word, or fingle letter were to be omitted in the literal fenfe, it would caufe an interruption in the fpiritual fenfe; and this is the reason why the Divine Providence hath preferved the Word fo entire as to every fingle word and fyllable. The things contained in every particular part of the Word are innumerable; and alfo in every particular expreffion.'

Thefe extracts are a fufficient fpecimen of the great work of the illuminated Baron.

But we cannot conclude without acknowleging that though the Author's imagination runs loofe in the unbounded and tracklefs wilderness of myfticifm, yet all his paradoxes are tinctured with a strong infufion of piety and benevolence. There is nothing in them offenfive to Chriftian purity or Chriftian charity. They are the harmless rovings of a fpiritual, but difordered fancy and the enthufiafm which may be caught from the Baron's writings will neither create a fchifm in the church, nor a rebellion in the ftate. It is the mysticism of **** *** *******, without his turbulence: for Swedenborg knew nothing of that dark and dangerous fanaticifm which under the fpecious pretence of a fpiritual commonwealth, endeavoured to fap the foundations of all lawful government.

Let men enjoy their influxes: let them converfe with their angels: let them publish their Collectio Somnium. What are their dreams to us?-If they fuffer us to fleep in peace, let them dream on; and we will heartily with them, good night.

*For fome particulars relative to Baron Swedenborg, and his Works, fee Rev. vol. xlii. p. 445, 446. See alfo his Travels in the New Jerufalem, Rev. vol. lix. p. 366.

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