Οὐκ οἶδ' ὅ τι δεῖ πλείω λέγειν· οἶμαι γὰρ ὑμᾶς οὐδὲν ἀγνοεῖν τῶν εἰρημένων. ἐξέρα τὸ ὕδωρ, 4 οἴομαι Ζ (cf. § 18). § 25 (ὧν μὴ εἶναι δίκας), and further evidence to facts or to the defendant's character (ἄξιον ὄντα, § 61). The οὐκ οἶδ' ... εἰρημένων.] same sentence verbatim is found at the close of Or. 20 (Lept.), 38 (Nausimach.), and 54 (Conon); and also at the end of the 7th and 8th speeches of Isaeus. ἐξέρα τὸ ὕδωρ.] ' Pour out the water.' See Midias, § 129. (Cf. ἐξερᾶν τοὺς λίθους in Ar. Ach. 341, and τὰς ψήφους in Vesp. 993.) The only other passage where the phrase is found is at the end of Or. 38, where the whole of this short epilogue recurs. The speaker having concluded his speech within the legal limits of time measured by the κλεψύδρα, pointedly calls on the attendant to empty the 'waterclock.' The rhetorical effect is that the court is reminded that the speaker has spared them a longer speech, and the defendant gets the credit of having so good a cause that the orator does not find it necessary to avail himself of the full time at his disposal. The result of Phormio's plea is thus stated by Apollodorus (Οr. 45) κατά Στεφάνου Α, § 6, οὕτω διέθηκε τοὺς δικαστὰς ὥστε φωνὴν μηδ' ἡντινοῦν ἐθέλειν ἀκούειν ἡμῶν· προσοφλὼν δὲ τὴν ἐπωβελίαν καὶ οὐδὲ λόγου τυχεῖν ἀξιωθείς, ὡς οὐκ οἶδ ̓ εἴ τις πώς ποτε ἄλλος ἀνθρώπων, ἀπῄειν βαρέως, ὦ ἄνδρες Αθηναῖοι, καὶ χαλεπῶς φέρων. XLV. ΚΑΤΑ ΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΥ ΨΕΥΔΟΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΩΝ Α. ΥΠΟΘΕΣΙΣ. "Οτε ̓Απολλόδωρος ἔκρινε Φορμίωνα τῆς τραπέζης ἀφορμὴν ἐγκαλῶν, ὁ δὲ τὴν δίκην παρεγράψατο, ὁ Στέφανος μετ ̓ ἄλλων τινῶν ἐμαρτύρησε Φορμίωνι, ὡς ἄρα ὁ μὲν Φορμίων προὐκαλεῖτο ̓Απολλόδωρον, εἰ 5 μή φησιν ἀντίγραφα εἶναι τῶν διαθηκῶν τῶν τοῦ ΙΙΟΙ πατρὸς Πασίωνος, Φορμίωνι παρασχεῖν ἀνοῖξαι τὰς διαθήκας αὐτὰς, ὃς ἔχει καὶ παρέχεται ̓Αμφίας, ̓Απολλόδωρος δὲ ἀνοίγειν οὐκ ἠθέλησεν, ἔστι δὲ ἀντίγραφα τάδε τῶν διαθηκῶν τῶν Πασίωνος. ταύτην 1ο ἐμαρτύρησαν τὴν μαρτυρίαν οἱ περὶ Στέφανον, τοῦ Απολλοδώρου λέγοντος κατὰ τοῦ Φορμίωνος ὡς ἄρα τὰς διαθήκας πέπλακε καὶ τὸ ὅλον πρᾶγμα σκευώ [Δημοσθένους] κατὰ Στεφάνου ψευδομαρτυριών α. * hanc orationem nobis non videri Demosthenis esse significavimus' Z. a om. Ζ. addidit Dind. ex Z. [om. Kerrich ms.] b om. Ζ. πατρὸς Φορμίωνος παρασχεῖν libri. correxit Dind. ex α γ Σ in quo scriptum πατρὸς φορμίωνι πασίωνος, παρασχεῖν. [τῶν δικών τῶν τοῦ πατρὸς φορμίωνος, πασίωνος παρασχεῖν, et infra l. 11 μορφίωνος, Τ. 12 πέπλεκε. Kerrich ms.] Argument. τραπέζης ἀφορμὴν ἐγκαλῶν.] See Argument to Or. 36, 1. 22 n. Οι παρεγράψατο see ib. 1. 23 n. 3. Στέφανος ἐμαρτύρησε κ.τ.λ.] See infra § 8. The ἄλλοι τινές are called Ἔνδιος and Σκύθης in the document there quoted. 4. εἰ μή φησιν.] P. made A. a proposal, that if A. denies that the copies put in are copies of P. S. D. II. the will of his father Pasion, he 8. ἔστι δὲ ἀντίγραφα κ.τ.λ.] 12. πέπλακε...σκευώρημα.] Οr. ρημά ἐστιν. ἡττηθεὶς τοίνυν τὴν δίκην ̓Απολλόδωρος ὑπὲρ τῆς μαρτυρίας ὡς ψευδοῦς οὔσης τῷ Στεφάνῳ 15 δικάζεται. Argumentum habet Σ sed manu recentiore. 1. Καταψευδομαρτυρηθεὶς, ὦ ἄνδρες Αθηναῖοι, καὶ παθὼν ὑπὸ Φορμίωνος ὑβριστικὰ καὶ δεινὰ δίκην παρὰ τῶν αἰτίων ἥκω ληψόμενος παρ' ὑμῖν. δέομαι δὲ πάντων ὑμῶν καὶ ἱκετεύω καὶ ἀντιβολῶ πρῶτον §§1-2. Exordium (προοίμιον). Having been defeated by false testimony in my suit against Phormio, I have come into court to claim a verdict against those who compassed that outrageous and atrocious wrong. I ask the jury to give me a friendly and favourable hearing; and, if I make good my case, to grant me the redress which is my due. In the former trial, the defendant Stephanus in particular gave false evidence against me, prompted by corrupt motives; and I propose to prove this from his own testimony. A brief recital of the relations between Phormio and myself will help the jury to form an opinion on the villany of Phormio and the falsehood of his witnesses. The Exordium is not unlike that of Or. 54, κατὰ Κόνωνος, where, as here, the προαύλιον (Ar. Rhet. III. 14) or, as we should say, the key-note of the whole speech is struck in the opening words: ὑβρισθεὶς ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταὶ καὶ παθὼν ὑπὸ Κόνωνος κ.τ.λ.-The appeal ad captandam benevolentiam, πρῶτον μὲν εὐνοϊκῶς ἀκοῦσαί μου, also occurs in Or. 54 § 2, and similarly the formula εἶτ ̓ ἐὰν (ἠδικῆσθαι καὶ παρανενομῆσθαι) δοκῶ, βοηθῆσαί μοι τὰ δίκαια, and lastly the promise of brevity, ws av olós τε ὦ διὰ βραχυτάτων. καταψευδομαρτυρηθείς.] ‘Crushed by' (or having been the victim of') false testimony.' Cf. Or. 33 § 37, and Plat. Gorg. 472 B. Harpocr. καταψευδομαρτυρησάμενος· ἀντὶ τοῦ παρασχὼν τὰ ψεύδη (αη ψευδή ?) μαρτυρήσοντας. Δημοσθένης ἐν τῷ κατὰ Στεφάνου. The lexicogra pher intended doubtless to refer to Or. 29 § 6, where the middle participle explained by him is to be found. δέομαι ... ἱκετεύω ... ἀντιβολώ.] Cf. infra § 85, Or. 27 (Aphobus A) § 68, and 57 (Eubul.) § 1. Such combinations of two or three nearly synonymous verbs are very common in the undisputed speeches of Demosthenes (e.g. Or. 36 § 47, ἄγεις εἰς μέσον, δεικνύεις, ἐλέγχεις ; ib. 52, ελαύνεις, συκοφαντεῖς, διώκεις ; ib. 57, δεῖται καὶ ἱκετεύει καὶ ἀξιοῖ ; Οr. 54 § 33, δικάζομαι καὶ μισῶ καὶ ἐπεξέρχομαι). The speech ὑπὲρ Φορμίωνος alone contains nearly forty such passages; of the speeches delivered by Apollodorus, the first oration against Stephanus has more than 30, while in the rest there is hardly anything of the kind, though in the second speech against Stephanus, § 28, we have δέομαι μὲν εὐνοϊκῶς ἀκοῦσαί μου· μέγα γὰρ τοῖς ἠτυχηκόσιν, ὥσπερ ἐγώ, δυνηθῆναι περὶ ὧν πεπόνθασιν εἰπεῖν καὶ εὐμενῶς ἐχόντων ὑμῶν ἀκροατῶν τυχεῖν· εἶτ ̓ ἐὰν ἀδι 2 κεῖσθαι δοκῶ, βοηθῆσαί μοι τὰ δίκαια. ἐπιδείξω δ' ὑμῖν τουτονὶ Στέφανον καὶ μεμαρτυρηκότα τὰ ψευδῆ, καὶ δι' αἰσχροκερδίαν τοῦτο πεποιηκότα, καὶ κατήγου 1102 ρον αὐτὸν αὑτοῦ γιγνόμενον τοσαύτη περιφάνεια τοῦ πράγματός ἐστιν. ἐξ ἀρχῆς δ ̓ ὡς ἂν οἷός τε ὦ διὰ βραχυτάτων εἰπεῖν πειράσομαι τὰ πεπραγμένα μοι πρὸς Φορμίωνα, ἐξ ὧν ἀκούσαντες τήν τ' ἐκείνου πονηρίαν καὶ τούτους, ὅτι τὰ ψευδῆ μεμαρτυρήκασι, γνώσεσθε. αἰσχροκέρδειαν Ζ. com. Z cum libris. addidit Reiskius. 4 Σ, qui sic ubique. Bekk. ε τήν τε τούτου Z cum libris. γρ. ΕΦΒ. καὶ ἐκετεύω. (J. Siggin Jahrb. für Class. Philol. Suppl. vi. p. 419.) εὐμενῶς.] Almost equivalent to εὐνοϊκώς in the last sentence; εὐμενὴς, however, is not so trivial a word as εὔνους. The former is frequent in Attic verse, the latter is generally found in prose; the former is most often used of the gracious condescension of a deity; the latter of the kindly feelings of ordinary human beings. Or. 4 § 45, τὸ τῶν θεῶν εὐμενές, illustrates the rule, while the exception in the present passage may be paralleled from Herod. VII. 237, ξεῖνος δὲ ξείνῳ...εὐμενέστατον πάντων. [Add Eur. Alc. 319, οὐδὲν μητρὸς εὐμενέστερον, ΕΙ. 601, ἔστιν τί μοι κατ' Αργος εὐμενὲς φίλων; Aesch. Suppl. 488 and 518 Dind. P.] 2. τὰ ψευδῆ.] 'Additum articulum hoc vel illud testimonium peculiariter indicat, contra μαρτυρεῖν ψευδῆ (cf. § 41) vel ἀληθῆ (3 52) tantummodo significat τήν τ' ἐκείνου Bekker cum μαρτυρεῖν ψευδῶς vel ἀληθῶς τοσαύτη περιφάνεια κ.τ.λ.] ἐξ ὧν...γνώσεσθε.] This being the syntax, ἀκούσαντες must be taken by itself, 'when you have heard it.' ἐκείνου.] sc Φορμίωνος. 3 Ἐγὼ γὰρ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταὶ, πολλῶν χρημάτων ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς καταλειφθέντων μοι, καὶ ταῦτα Φορμίωνος ἔχοντος, καὶ ἔτι πρὸς τούτοις τὴν μητέρα γής μαντος τὴν ἐμὴν ἀποδημοῦντος ἐμοῦ δημοσίᾳ τριηρ §§ 3-8. Narrative (dinynois). My father Pasion left behind him at his death a large property which got into the hands of Phormio, who also married Pasion's widow, my mother Archippe, during my absence from Athens on public service. On my return, I threatened Phormio with legal proceedings in consequence of this marriage, but my case did not come on; and afterwards a reconciliation was brought about. Subsequently, however, on Phormio's refusing to fulfil his engagements and attempting to rob me of the banking-stock leased him by my father, I was compelled to prosecute him at the earliest opportunity. Phormio thereupon put in a special plea in bar of action, and brought forward false witnesses to shew that I gave him a discharge from all further claims, and to attest to a lease which in fact was a fabrication and to a will that never existed. The result of his plea, which gave him the advantage of the first hearing, was that the jury would not listen to me at all; I was fined for failing to make good my case and left the court in high dudgeon at my ill-treatment. On reflection, however, I feel that the jury, in their ignorance of the real facts, could not, on the evidence, have found any other verdict; but I have a right to be indignant with the false witnesses who brought about that result, and with Stephanus in particular whose evidence shall be read to the court. (The evidence is read.) δημοσίᾳ.] Το be taken with ἀποδημοῦντος. 'Cum publice (in causa publica) abessem.' The fondness of the Greeks for participles is shewn by the addition of τριηραρχοῦντος which is subordinate to, and explanatory of, ȧrodnuоûvтos. Or.36 § 25, and Madv. Gk. Synt. § 176, d. This trierarchy of Apollodorus may almost certainly be connected with the negociations between Athens and the Elder Dionysius towards the close of his career. It appears from a decree discovered near the Propylaea in 1837, and restored by A. Kirchhoff in the Philologus for 1857 (xii. p.571-8), that Athenian ambassadors were sent to Syracuse in the summer of B.C. 369 and in B. c. 368. Cf. esp. τούτων δὲ τοὺς ἐπὶ Δυσνικήτου ἄρχο]ντος πρέσβεις διακομίζειν τὴν ὁμολογί]αν. The trierarchy may be identified with that of Or. 53 § 5, and probably belongs to the later of these two embassies in B.C. 368, as we read in Or. 46 § 21, ¿yw μèv ἀπεδήμουν τριηραρχῶν, τετελευτήκει δ' ὁ πατὴρ πάλαι, ὅτε οὗτος ἔγημε,where πάλαι, though a vague word, shews at any rate that a considerable time elapsed between the death of Pasion in B.C. 370 (Or. 46 § 13), and his widow's marriage with Phormio. (Im. Hermann, de tempore, etc. p. 9; A. Schaefer, Dem. und seine Zeit, III. 2. 146; and Lortzing, Apollodorus, p. 3.) |