droxybenzoic acids and iodosalicylic acids, by Dr. A. K. Miller. Hugoniot. New expressions of the work and economic efficiency The author has succeeded in preparing the sixth dihydroxyben- of electric motors, by M. Deprez.-On a modification required zoic acid; five being already known. It was obtained by heat- in enunciation of the law of isomorphism, by M. Klein. În the ing salicylic acid and iodine in alcoholic solution, two iodo- second part of the law, stating that isomorphous bodies have a salicylic acids were formed, which yielded two distinct dihy- similar chemical composition, it is necessary to say, instead, that droxybenzoic acids when heated with potash.—On_crystalline they have either a similar chemical composition, or present molecular compounds of naphthalene and benzene with antimony a centesimal composition slightly different, while containing trichloride, by Watson Smith and G. W. Davis. By melting a group of elements that are common or of identical chemical three parts by weight of antimony trichloride with two of functions, and which form much the largest part of them by naphthalene, minute crystals were obtained, 3SbCl3, 2C10Hg; weight.-Researches on the thorite of Arendal, by M. Nilson.— similarly with benzene, a body, 3SbCl3, 2CH, was prepared. Rapid process of determination of salicylic acid in beverages, by Additional evidence, by an analysis of the quinoline molecule, M. Rémont.-Distribution of ammonia in the air and aqueous that this base belongs to the aromatic series of organic substances, meteors at great altitudes, by MM. Muntz and Aubin. On the by Watson Smith and G. W. Davis. The authors have studied Pic du Midi (2877 m.), the quantity of ammonia in the air was the effect of exhaustive perchlorination (by heating with antimony much the same as on low ground (or 1.35 mgr. per 100 cub. m.); pentachloride) on quinolin; perchlorethane, perchlorbenzene, and that in rain water considerably less; also that in snow and in nitrogen were obtained.-On orcin and some of the other dioxy-mist.-New chemical and physiological researches on some toluols, by R. H. C. Nevile and Dr. A. Winther. The authors organic liquids (water of sea-urchins, water of hydatic cysts and have prepared the dioxytoluol I. 3. 5, starting from the dinitro- cysticerci, amniotic liquid), by MM. Mourson and Schlagdentoluol 1. 3. 5, and have found it to be identical in all its reac- hauffen. On the evolution of Peridinians and the peculiarities tions and physical properties with orcin. They have also of organisation connecting them with Noctiluca, by M. Pouchet. prepared the dioxytoluols 1. 2. 4 and 1. 2. 5, and have inves--Hypsometric map of Turkey in Asia, published at Tiflis, tigated the preparation of the body 1. 3. 4.-On the varying under direction of General Stebnitzky. Previous maps are quantities of malt albumenoids extracted by waters of different shown to need correction in orography.-Action of oil on seatypes, by E. R. Moritz and A. Hartley.-Ön the derivatives of waves, by M. Virlet d'Aoust. An experience of his in Greece ethylene-chlor-bromide, by J. W. James. The author gives in 1830 shows that the method was practised by seamen there. details as to the preparation of this body, and has studied the He also notes the calming effect of petroleum rising in the bed action of sodium sulphite upon ethylene chlorobromide, ethylene of a Mexican river, and carried into the sea.-On the cultivation dibromide, and ethylene chlorothiocyanate; also the action of of opium in Zambesia, by M. Guyot. This was begun in 1879 ammonia upon an ethereal solution of chlorethylsulphonic at Chaima, near Niopea, about 6 km. from the Zambesi. In chloride. 1881 it engaged 300 workers, 250 of whom were blacks and 50 natives of India. In India the opium sells for 50 to 60 francs the kilogramme. PARIS Academy of Sciences, October 30.-M. Blanchard in the chair. The following papers were read :-Remarks on the theory of shocks, by M. Resal.-Results of experiments made at the Exhibition of Electricity on machines and regulators with continuous current, by MM. Allard, Joubert, Le Blanc, Potier, and Tresca. Thirteen different combinations are dealt with, and data regarding mechanical work, electric resistance, intensity, luminous power, economical efficiency, &c., tabulated. Another paper, to appear soon, will treat of other systems. In nearly all the experiments the total motor work is very well represented by the corresponding electric work.-Rational conception of the nature and propagation of electricity (continued), by M. Ledieu. Electricity is, no more than heat or light, to be regarded as a special agent under particular mechanical laws. As to the phenomenal cause, it is simply the potential energy of the ether associated with the ponderable matter, especially in the form of atmospheres round the molecules. It has for counterpart the portion of potential energy of the ponderable matter, which constitutes chiefly latent heat.-On the efficacy of lightning conductors, by M. Hirn. A very fanlty conductor may sometimes protect a house. One such near Colmar, on a house 15m. high, consisted (in descending order) of a conical brass point, an iron rod about 8m. long, on which this was screwed, and a wire, hardly o'007m. diameter, in pieces with terminal rings, passing down to a piece of iron o 5m. long in a hole in the moist ground. In a violent storm (the thunder of which brought down plaster from ceilings), the rod was struck, and the brass cone fused, but no part of the current left the conductor. During over forty years' observations, M. Hirn has never seen lightning strike any of the forty or fifty lightning rods on the works of Logelbach. Yet, during a thunderstorm, these rods work actively; as he has proved by means of derived circuits from the uninterrupted conductors, yielding currents with magnetising power. He has even drawn currents from a conductor separated by a thin leaf of caoutchouc; the thin copper wire was never fused.—Application of the law of complementary colours to temporary decoloration of diamonds tinted yellow, by MM. Chatrian and Jacobs. The yellow diamond is merely put in a solution of the complementary colour (violet), and it comes out white; but mere washing brings back the yellow.-Chemical studies on the sugar beet called the white beet of Silesia, by M. Leplay. On certain quadratic forms, and on some discontinuous groups, by M. Picard.-On trigonometric series, by M. Poincaré. -Reply to M. Faye's objections to Dr. Siemens' theory of the sun, by Dr. Siemens.-On an extension of the principles of areas and of movement of the centre of gravity, by M. Lévy.—On the longitudinal vibrations of elastic rods, and the motion of a rod carrying at its end an additional mass, by MM. Sébert and GÖTTINGEN Royal Society of Sciences, June 10.-On the occurrence of cleistogamous flowers in the family of the Pontederaceæ, H. Grafen zu Solms-Laubach.-On Arabian navigation, by S. Gildemeister.-On gradually developing contact-electricity with co-operation of air, by W. Holtz.-Optical studies on garnet, by C. Klein. August 1.-On the measurement of the winding surface of a wire-coil by the galvanic method, and on the absolute resistance of the mercury-unit, by F. Kohlrausch.-On triazo compounds, by H. Hubner.-On the method proposed by M. Guébhard for representation of equipotential lines, by H. Meyer.-On the neurology of the Petromyzonts, by F. Ahlborn. DIARY OF SOCIETIES. LONDON THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 9. MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY, at 8.-President's Address, "On In- and Circumscribed Polyhedra": Prof. Forsyth.-On the Explicit Integration of certain Differential Resolvents: Sir J. Cockle, F.R.S.-On Compound Determinants: R. F. Scott, M.A.-Note on Quartic Curvesin Space : Dr. Spottiswoode, P.R.S.-Note on Derivation of Elliptic Function Formulæ from Confocal Conics: J. Griffiths. SOCIETY OF TELEGRAPH ENGINEERS, at 8.-The Munich Electrical Exhi bition, 1882: W. H. Preece, F.R.S. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 12. PHYSICAL SOCIETY, at 3.-Three Historical Notes on Physics: Prof. S. P. SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 11. SUNDAY LECTURE SOCIETY, at 4-The Sun: W. Lant Carpenter. MONDAY, NOVEMBER 13. ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. at 8.30.-Journey through Yunnan from TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 14. ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY, at 8.30.-Report on the Additions to the Society's Menagerie: The Secretary.-Supplementary Notes on the Anatomy of the Chinese Water-Deer (Hydropotes inermis): W. A. Forbes.-Notes on the Habits of the Aye-Aye of Madagascar in its Native State: Rev. L. Baron. On the Natural Position of the Family Dipodidae: G. E. Dobson. PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY, at 8. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, at 1.-Scientific Committee. WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 15. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, at 8.-The Drift-beds of the North-west of England and North Wales. Part 2. Their Nature, Stratigraphy, and Distribution: T. Mellard Reade, C. E.-On the Evidence of Glacial Action in South Brecknockshire and East Glamorganshire: T. W. E. David. Communicated by Prof. J. Prestwich, F. R.S. METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, at 7.-On Certain Types of British Weather: SOCIETY OF ARTS, at 8.-President's Opening Address: Dr. C. W. Siemens, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 16. ROYAL SOCIETY, at 430. CHEMICAL SOCIETY, at 8.-Ballot for the Election of Fellows.-Contribu- COPPER LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR, As applied to all kinds of Buildings and Shipping in all parts of the world with unvarying success; is the most Trustworthy, most Effective, and also the Cheapest Conductor ever offered to the Public. It is simple in its application, no Insulators being required, and it costs only ONE SHILLING per Foot for the standard size, which ensures safety in any storm. R. S. 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We have pleasure to announce that a new Price List of the above is now ready, and will be sent post free on application. Director-General of the Geological Surveys of the United Kingdom. With numerous Illustrations. Medium 8vo. 28s. "The Text-Book, in our estimation, contains a more complete account of the science of Geology, in its latest developments, than is to be found in any similar English work. . . . In a clear, straightforward, and methodical manner he brings out the principles of his science, traces them through all their ramifications, and marshals all his facts and deductions. This is as it should be. . . . Leading features of the work are clearness, caution, and exhaustiveness."-The Times. "By this comprehensive arrangement every branch of geology is brought under the attention of the reader, and is discussed with sufficient fulness for all ordinary purposes. 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W.; 43, QUEEN VICTORIA STEEET, E.C.; 48, PICCADILLY, W.; and 135, NORTH STREET, BRIGHTON. Printed by R. Clay, Sons, anD TAYLOR, at 7 and 8, Bread Street Hill, Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, and published by MACMILLAN AND Co., at the Office, 2 and 30, Bedford Street, Covent Garden. -THURSDAY, November 9, 1882. |