δὼς μὲν ἐμαυτῷ μέλλοντι δικάζεσθαι, συνειδὼς δ ̓ ὑπε ναντίαν οὖσαν, εἴπερ ἦν τοιαύτη, τοῖς ἐμαυτῷ συμφέρουσι, κληρονόμος δὲ ἂν καὶ ταύτης, εἴπερ ἦν του22 μοῦ πατρὸς, καὶ τῶν ἄλλων πατρῴων ὁμοίως; οὐκοῦν τῷ παρέχεσθαι μὲν Φορμίωνι, γεγράφθαι δὲ Πασίω νος, εἰᾶσθαι δ' ὑφ' ἡμῶν, ἐξελέγχεται κατεσκευασμένη 1108 μὲν ἡ διαθήκη, ψευδὴς δ ̓ ἡ τοῦ Κηφισοφῶντος μαρτ τυρία. ἀλλ ̓ ἐῶ Κηφισοφῶντα· οὔτε γὰρ νῦν μοι πρὸς ἐκεῖνόν ἐστιν οὔτ ̓ ἐμαρτύρησεν ἐκεῖνος περὶ τῶν ἐν 23 ταῖς διαθήκαις ἐνίντων οὐδέν. καίτοι καὶ τοῦτο σκοπεῖτε, ὅσον ἐστὶ τεκμήριον, ὦ ἄνδρες Αθηναῖοι, τοῦ τούτους τὰ ψευδή μεμαρτυρηκέναι. εἰ γὰρ ὁ μὲν αὐτὸς 8 ἔχειν τὸ γραμματεῖον μαρτυρῶν οὐκ ἐτόλμησεν ἀντίγραφα εἶναι ἃ παρείχετο Φορμίων τῶν παρ ̓ αὑτῷ μαρτυρῆσαι, οὗτοι δὲ οὔτε ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὡς παρῆσαν ἔχοιεν ἂν εἰπεῖν οὔτε ἀνοιχθὲν εἶδον πρὸς τῷ διαιτητῇ τὸ γραμματεῖον, ἀλλὰ καὶ μεμαρτυρήκασιν αὐτοὶ μὴ ἐθέλειν ἐμὲ ἀνοίγειν, ταῦτα ὡς ἀντίγραφά ἐστιν ἐκείνων 33, we have πείθουσι τὸν Εὐκτήμονα τὴν διαθήκην ἀνελεῖν ὡς οὐ χρησίμην οὖσαν τοῖς παισί· followed by ὁ Εὐκτήμων ἔλεγεν ὅτι βούλοιτ ̓ ἀνελέσθαι τὴν διαθήκην and ποιησάμενος πολλοὺς μάρτυρας ὡς οὐκέτι αὐτῷ κέοιτο ἡ διαθήκη, ᾤχετο ἀπιών. Cf. also Isaeus Or. 1 (Cleonym.) § 14, ἀσθενῶν..... ἐβουλήθη ταύτας τὰς διαθήκας ἀνελεῖν, where Schömann remarks ἀναιρεῖν est λύειν tollere, rescindere: ἀναιρεῖσθαι autem, de contractuum,testamentorumque tabulis, proprie est repetere ab eo, apud quem depositae fuerunt, quod fit a sublaturo.' In these passages, however, the phrase is used of a testator revoking his own will; here of an heir claiming his father's will, with a view to suppressing it. Cf. note on Or. 34 § 31. 22. τῷ παρέχεσθαι Φορμίωνι.] ‘By its being produced, not by, but to Phormio.’—εἰᾶσθαι δ' and yet let alone, (not made away with,) by myself.' (See last note.) The pf. pass. εἰᾶσθαι is apparently never used elsewhere. 23. αὐτὸς ἔχειν.] That he had the document in his own keeping.' ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὡς παρῆσαν.] ‘Were present in the first instance' as witnesses when Pasion made his will. But it may be remarked that even supposing they were so present, it does not follow that they would know the contents of the document. (See note on Or. 46 § 2 and Becker's Charicles, Sc. Ix. note 18.) 24 μεμαρτυρηκότες, τί ἄλλο ἢ σφῶν αὐτῶν κατήγοροι γεγόνασιν ὅτι ψεύδονται; Ἔτι τοίνυν, ὦ ἄνδρες Αθηναῖοι, ὡς γέγραπταί τις ἂν ἐξετάσας τὴν μαρτυρίαν γνοίη παντελῶς τοῦτο μεμηχανημένους αὐτοὺς, ὅπως δικαίως καὶ ἀδίκως δόξει ταῦτα ὁ πατὴρ οὑμὸς διαθέσθαι. λαβὲ δ ̓ αὐτὴν τὴν μαρτυρίαν, καὶ λέγ ̓ ἐπισχὼν οὗ ἄν σε κελεύω, ἵν ̓ ἐξ αὐτῆς δεικνύω. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ. [Μαρτυροῦσι παρεῖναι πρὸς τῷ διαιτητῇ Τισία, ὅτε προὐκαλεῖτο Φορμίων ̓Απολλόδωρον, εἰ μή φησιν ἀντίγραφα εἶναι τῶν διαθηκῶν τῶν Πασίωνος.] 25 Επίσχες. ἐνθυμεῖσθε ὅτι τῶν διαθηκῶν γέγραπται τῶν Πασίωνος. καίτοι χρὴν τοὺς βουλομένους τἀληθῆ μαρτυρεῖν, εἰ τὰ μάλιστ ̓ ἐγίγνετο ἡ πρόκλη σις, ὡς οὐκ ἐγίγνετο, ἐκείνως μαρτυρεῖν. λέγε τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἀπ ̓ ἀρχῆς πάλιν. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. Μαρτυροῦσι παρεῖναι πρὸς τῷ διαιτητῇ Τισία. Μαρτυροῦμεν παρῆμεν γὰρ δή. λέγε. ὅτε προκαλεῖτο Φορμίων ̓Απολλόδωρον. S$ 24-26. Let us now examine the terms of the deposition and we shall see that its object is to make it appear by any means, fair or foul, that my father made this will. It speaks of 'the will of Pasion; whereas it ought to have run the will which Phormio asserts to have been left by Pasion; and you are aware that there is a vast difference between a thing being really true and Phormio's saying so. 24. ὡς γέγραπται κ.τ.λ.] i.e. εἴ τις ἐξετάσειεν ὡς γέγραπται ἡ μαρτυρία, γνοίη κ.τ.λ. δικαίως καὶ ἀδίκως δόξει.] • That rightly or wrongly it may appear that my father made this will.' A singular expression, the adverbs belonging to δόξει and not to διαθέσθαι. 25. εἰ τὰ μάλιστα.] ‘If it were ever so true that the challenge took place, which I utterly deny.”—ἐκείνως, 'in a form which I am about to shew,' viz. in § 26 τῶν διαθηκών (not τῶν Πασίωνος) but ὧν φησι Φορμίων Πασίωνα καταλιπεῖν. 1109 26 27 Καὶ τοῦτο, εἴπερ προὐκαλεῖτο, ὀρθῶς ἂν ἐμαρτύρουν. εἰ μή φησιν ἀντίγραφα εἶναι τῶν διαθηκῶν τῶν Πασίωνος. Ἔχε αὐτοῦ. οὐδ ̓ ἂν εἷς ἔτι δήπου τοῦτ ̓ ἐμαρτύ ρησεν, εἰ μή τις καὶ παρῆν διατιθεμένῳ τῷ πατρὶ τῷ ἐμῷ· ἀλλ ̓ εὐθὺς ἂν εἶπε “ τί δ ̓ ἡμεῖς ἴσμεν, εἴ τινές “ εἰσι διαθῆκαι Πασίωνος;” καὶ γράφειν ἂν αὐτὸν ἠξίωσεν, ὥσπερ ἐν ἀρχῇ τῆς προκλήσεως, “εἰ μή φημ ̓ ἐγὼ ἀντίγραφα εἶναι τῶν διαθηκῶν, ὧν φησι Φορμίων Πασίωνα καταλιπεῖν,” οὐ “ τῶν Πασίω “ νος.” τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ ἦν εἶναι διαθήκας μαρτυρεῖν ὅπερ ἦν τούτοις βούλημα, ἐκεῖνο δὲ φάσκειν Φορμίωνα· πλεῖστον δὲ δήπου κεχώρισται τό τ' εἶναι καὶ τὸ τοῦτον φάσκειν. Ἵνα τοίνυν εἰδῆτε ὑπὲρ ἡλίκων καὶ ὅσων ἦν τὸ κατασκεύασμα τὸ τῆς διαθήκης, μικρὰ ἀκούσατέ μου. ἦν γὰρ, ὦ ἄνδρες Αθηναῖοι, τοῦτο πρῶτον μὲν ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ δοῦναι δίκην ὧν διεφθάρκει ἣν ἐμοὶ μὲν οὐ 26. εἴ τινές εἰσι.] if there is any will of Pasion's at all.” ὥσπερ ἐν ἀρχῇ τῆς προκλήσεως.] ὥσπερ should perhaps be struck out. φάσκειν] (sc. εἶναι διαθήκας.) Here, as often, used with the collateral notion of saying what is untrue. Thus both pŋul and φάσκω are used in Soph. Εl. 319 of promising without performing: φησίν γε φάσκων δ ̓ οὐδὲν ὧν λέγει ποιεῖ. [For the whole sentence, cf. Eur. Ale. 528 χωρὶς τό τ ̓ εἶναι καὶ τὸ μὴ νομίζεται.] SS 27, 28.] An examination of the terms of the 'Will' proves that Phormio had important motives for forging it, viz. (1) to escape the penalty for seducing one who shall be nameless, (2) to secure all my father's money that was in my mother's hands; and (3) to obtain control over all the rest of the family property. 27. κατασκεύασμα.] The f brication,' 'forgery,' of the will. Cf. κατασκευάζειν in §§ 13 and 20. ὧν διεφθαρκει ἣν...] 'To escape the penalty of having corrupted her whose name I cannot here mention without impropriety, but whom you yourselves know without my naming her.' (For this 'delicacy of allusion,' cf. note on § 3.)—ών διεφθάρκει ἣν is equivalent to τῆς διαφθορᾶς τῆς γυναικὸς ἦν (or τοῦ διεφθαρκέναι ταύτην ἣν). The substantive is here thrown into' the verb as in Fals. Leg. § 238 p. 415 ¿v αὐτοῖς οἷς ἐτιμάσθε, ‘in the very honours you enjoyed,' where Shilleto quotes de corona § 312 καλὸν λέγειν, ὑμεῖς δ ̓ ἴστε, κἂν ἐγὼ μὴ λέγω, ἔπειθ ̓ ὑπὲρ τοῦ κατασχεῖν ὅσα ἦν τῷ ἡμετέρῳ πατρὶ χρήματα παρὰ τῇ μητρὶ, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις ὑπὲρ τοῦ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν ἡμετέρων ἁπάντων κυρίῳ γενέσθαι. ὅτι δ' οὕτω ταῦτ ̓ ἔχει, τῆς διαθήκης αὐτῆς ἀκούσαντες γνώσεσθε φανήσεται γὰρ οὐ πατρὸς ὑπὲρ υἱέων γράφοντος ἐοικυῖα διαθήκῃ, ἀλλὰ δούλου λελυμασμένου τὰ 28 τῶν δεσποτῶν, ὅπως μὴ δώσει δίκην σκοποῦντος. λέγε 1110 δ ̓ αὐτοῖς τὴν διαθήκην αὐτὴν, ἣν οὗτοι μετὰ τῆς προκλήσεως μεμαρτυρήκασιν· ὑμεῖς δ ̓ ἐνθυμεῖσθε ἃ λέγω. ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. n °[Τάδε διέθετο Πασίων Αχαρνεύς· δίδωμι τὴν ἐμαυτοῦ γυναῖκα ̓Αρχίππην Φορμίωνι, καὶ προίκα ἐπιδίδωμι ̓Αρχίππῃ τάλαντον μὲν τὸ ἐκ Πεπαρήθου, ἐφ ̓ οἷς ἐλυμήνω and a striking instance from Plato, Phaedo p. 94 c. We may add Meid. § 189 p. 576 ἐφ ̓ οἷς ἐλειτούργουν ὑβρίζειν and Ar. Ach. 677, οὐ γὰρ ἀξίως ἐκείνων ὧν ἐναυμαχήσαμεν γηρο βοσκούμεσθ' ὑφ' ὑμῶν. Cf. Οr. 55 § 32. ὑπὲρ τοῦ κατασχεῖν.] ' for the purpose of securing.' So inf. § 47 ὅπως τὴν ἀφορμὴν τῆς τραπέζης κατάσχοι. κυρίῳ γενέσθαι.] The dative is used as though the sentence had begun with ή διαθήκη κατεσκεύα αστο Φορμίωνι instead of with its equivalent in sense ἦν τὸ κατασκεύασμα τὸ τῆς διαθήκης. The regular construction would of course require κύριον (proposed by Lambinus and approved by G. H. Schaefer). λελυμασμένου.] Also a des ponent perfect in Or. 19 § 105 περὶ G. Η. and Or. 21 § 173 (λελύμαν master's wife [but is expressed διαθήκην μετὰ τῆς προκλήσεως.] τὸ ἐκ Πεπαρήθου...τὸ αὐτόθεν.] 29 τάλαντον δὲ τὸ αὐτόθεν, συνοικίαν ἑκατὸν μνῶν, θεραπαίνας καὶ τὰ χρυσία καὶ τἄλλ ̓ ὅσα ἐστὶν αὐτῇ ἔνδον. ἅπαντα ταῦτα Αρχίππῃ δίδωμι.]° Ἠκούσατε, ὦ ἄνδρες Αθηναῖοι, τὸ πλῆθος τῆς προικὸς, τάλαντον ἐκ Πεπαρήθου, τάλαντον αὐτόθεν, συνοικίαν ἑκατὸν μνῶν, θεραπαίνας καὶ χρυσία, καὶ τἄλλα, φησὶν, ὅσα ἐστὶν αὐτῇ, δίδωμι, τούτῳ τῷ γράμ ματι καὶ τοῦ ζητῆσαί τι τῶν καταλειφθέντων ἀποκλείων ἡμᾶς. Φέρε δὴ δείξω τὴν μίσθωσιν ὑμῖν καθ ̓ ἣν ἐμεμίσθωτο τὴν τράπεζαν παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς οὗτος. καὶ γὰρ ἐκ ταύτης, καίπερ ἐσκευωρημένης, ὄψεσθε ὅτι πλάσμα ὅλον ἐστὶν ἡ διαθήκη. δείξω δ ̓ ἣν οὗτος παρέσχετο 'Malim Tv......Tŵv.' Dobree. Sums in gross, charged on land, are meant (as Pabst and Kennedy understand it); not annual rents (as G. H. Schaefer supposes).-On συνοικίαν see notes on Or. 36 §§ 6 and 34. καὶ τοῦ ζητῆσαι... ἀποκλείων.] See on Or. 40 § 15 ἐάν τι οὗτοι τῶν πατρῴων ἐπιζητῶσι. §§ 29-36. Again, the 'lease' upon which Phormio took the bank from my father, though itself a fabrication, will prove the Will' an utter forgery. It concludes with a clause stating that my father owes eleven talents to the bank. This was added in order that whatever sums were traced to Phormio, might be made out to have been 'paid' in discharge of this debt, and not embezzled.-(You imagine perhaps that, as Phormio speaks bad Greek, he is merely a foreigner and a fool. To be sure, he is anything but a good Greek in hating those he ought to honour, but in villany and knavery he is far from a fool.) The terms of the 'lease' shall now be read and examined. (1) No one would have paid so large a rent, as that alleged, for the banking business. (2) No one would have committed the rest of his property to a man under whose management the Bank got into debt. (3) The stringency of the proviso preventing Phormio from doing business as a banker on his own account is inconsistent with the singularly generous terms of the will and proves the latter to be a forgery. 29. τὴν μίσθωσιν κ.τ.λ.] See Or. 36 §§ 4-6. καὶ γὰρ ἐκ ταύτης, ' for from this too, &c. [The clause καίπερ ἐσκευωρημένης reads unlike the style of Demosthenes. P.] πλάσμα.] Cf. πέπλακε in line 10 of Argument, and Or. 36 § 33. Hesychius has πλάσμα σχημα τισμός (late Greek pretence ). ψεύσμα, ἢ κτίσμα. |