μίσθωσιν, ουκ άλλην τινά, εν ή προσγέγραπται ένδεκα

τάλαντα ο πατήρ οφείλων εις τας παρακαταθήκας 30 τούτω. έστι δ', oίμαι, ταύτα τοιαύτα. των μεν οίκοι

χρημάτων ως επί τη μητρι δοθέντων δια της διαθήκης αυτόν εποίησε κύριον, ώσπερ ακηκόατε άρτι, των δ' επί της τραπέζης όντων, απάντες ήδεσαν και λαθείν ουκ ήν, διά του προσοφείλοντα απoφήναι τον πατέρα ημών, ίν', όσα εξελέγχοιτο έχων, κεκομίσθαι φαίη. Εμείς δ' ίσως αυτόν υπειλήφατε, ότι σολοικίζει τη φωνή, βάρβαρον και ευκαταφρόνητον είναι. έστι ΙΙΙ

ένδεκα ταλ.] The origin of 56 (Dionysod.) 8 3 δέον δ' αυτόν this • debt' is carefully explained εν τη πέρυσιν ώρα κεκομίσθαι τα in Or. 36 SS 4–5 (see note on χρήματα. Trans. 'that whatπροσώφειλε p. 6), and in the ever sums he might be proved present speech, the plaintiff to possess, he might pretend says nothing that materially he had recovered in the way of shakes that explanation. [The debts.' construction is, οφείλων τούτω σολοικίζει τη φωνή, βάρβαρον.] εις τας π., owing Phormio (See note on Οr. 36S1 την απειeleven talents on the deposits,' ρίαν του λέγειν.) σόλοικος is a or • for the deposits' which he word of narrower meaning than had put out to interest. Ken. Bápßapos and is applied mainly nedy translates, “upon the de- to faults of pronunciation or posits to Phormio.' See § 31 mistakes in Grammar, espefin. P.]

cially Syntax, due to foreign 30. ως επί τη μητρι δοθέντων.] extraction ; while βάρβαρος, ‘As my mother's dowry. Or. 40, though originally referring to περί προικός, 8 6, εκδόντος αυτήν... language (as an onomatopæetic και προίκα τάλαντον επιδόντος. word connected with the San.

πάντες ήδε σαν κ.τ.λ.] This skrit varvara 'a jabberer') and must be taken as a rhetorical at first describing the incoherent exaggeration. All that the jargon, as the Greeks considered speaker probably means is that it, of all languages but their as Phormio was only the lessee, own, gradually attained a wider not the owner of the bank, he signification and embraced all could be called upon by Apollo- that was non-Hellenic in the dorus, the lessor after Pasion's customs, the politics, the laws, death, to give an account of all and the moral and intellectual the moneys held by the bank. characteristics of foreign naAs a contrast we have in § 66 tions. (Cf. Isocr. Paneg. 3 n.) εργασίας αφανείς διά της τρα- Hesychius (possibly with the πέζης ποιήται.

present passage in view) has κεκομίσθαι.] In middle sense. the gloss σολοικίζει: βαρβαρίζει, Οr. 41 8 11 ουκ ανενηνόχασι and Aristotle (περί σοφιστικών κεκομισμένοι (την φιάλης). Οr. ελέγχων $ 3) explains σολοικίζειν

δε βάρβαρος ούτος τω μισείν ούς αυτό προσήκε

τιμάν τώ δε κακουργήσαι και διορύξαι πράγματα 31 ουδενός λείπεται. λαβε δή την μίσθωσιν, και λέγε, ήν τον αυτόν τρόπον διά προκλήσεως ενεβάλοντο.

ΜΙΣΘΩΣΙΣ ΤΡΑΠΕΖΗΣ. P[Κατά τάδε έμίσθωσε Πασίων την τράπεζαν Φορμίωνο: μίσθωσιν φέρειν Φορμίωνα της τραπέζης τους παισι τοις Πασίωνος δύο τάλαντα και τετταρακοντα μνας του ενιαυτου εκάστου, χωρίς της καθ' ημέραν διοικήσεως μη εξειναι δε τραπεζιτείσαι χωρίς Φορμίωνο, εάν μή πείση τους παίδας τους Πασίωνος. οφείλει δέ Πασίων επί την τράπεζαν ένδεκα τάλαντα

εις τας παρακαταθήκας.]? 32 “Ας μεν τοίνυν παρέσχετο συνθήκας ως κατά ταύ

τας μισθωσάμενος την τράπεζαν, αυταί εισιν, ώ άνδρες δικασταί. ακούετε δ' εν ταύταις αναγιγνωσκομέναις μίσθωσιν μεν φέρειν τούτον, άνευ της καθ' ημέραν διοικήσεως, δύο τάλαντα και τετταράκοντα μνάς του

P

om. Σ. by τη λέξει βαρβαρίζειν and (in breaking. Οr. 9 8 28 κακως 8 14) illustrates it by instances διακείμεθα και διορωρύγμεθα κατα from the rules of gender. The πόλεις. Οr. 35 (Lacr.) 8 9 οια distinction drawn between Bap- έτοιχωρύχησαν ούτοι περί το βαρισμός and σολοικισμός by δάνειον, and Philostratus 552 Zeno and the Stoics, and ac- (quoted by Liddell & Scott) τοιcepted by the writers on Rhetoric, χωρυχεϊν τους λόγους τινός. is perhaps best expressed by 31. διά προκλήσεως.] by Quintilian : 'vitium quod fit in means of,' i.e. 'under cover of,' singulis verbis, sit barbarismus - using the Challenge as a ...cetera vitia omnia ex pluribus cat’s paw. Cf. Fals. Leg. & 291, vocibus sunt, quorum est soloe- έκρινε Φιλόνεικον και δι' εκείνου cismus” (Ι. 5, 6 and 34).

των σοι πεπραγμένων κατηγόρει, βάρβαρον και ευκαταφρόνητον.] where Shilleto quotes the preAr. Nubes 492 αμαθής...και βάρ- sent passage. βαρος.

32. της καθ' ημέραν διοικήσεως.] διορύξαι πράγματα.] Lit. to •Thedaily expenditure’involved undermine,' to ruin,' [here, in managing the bank, paying perhaps, to be a rogue in busi- under-clerks, &c. ness'). A metaphor from house

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ενιαυτου εκάστου, μη εξείναι δε τραπεζιτεύειν αυτώ, εαν μη ημάς πείση. προσγέγραπται δε τελευταίον

οφείλει δέ Πασίων ένδεκα τάλαντα εις τας παρα33 “ καταθήκας.” έστιν ουν όστις αν του ξύλου και του

χωρίου και των γραμματείων τοσαύτην υπέμεινε φέρειν μίσθωσιν ; έστι δ' όστις αν, δι' ον ώφειλήκει τοσαύτα χρήματα η τράπεζα, τούτω τα λοιπά επέτρεψεν, ει γαρ ενεδέησε τοσούτων χρημάτων, τούτου διοικούντος ενεδέησεν. ίστε γάρ πάντες, και οτ' ήν ο πατήρ επί του τραπεζιτείειν, τούτον καθήμενον και διοικούντα επί τη τραπέζη, ώστε εν τω μυλώνι προσ4 μύλωνιΒekker (Berlin ed.) et Dind. μυλώνι Zet Bekker (Leipsig ed.).

33. ξύλου...χωρίου... γραμμα- security of land and were part τείων.] The bench (desk or of the assets of the business.counter)...the site (in the market- Οη καθήμενον κ.τ.λ.ν. Οr. 368 7,. place)... the banking-books (ledg. εν τω μυλώνι.] So far from ers, &c.).

being made master of the rest ωφειλήκει η τράπεζα.] Phor- of the household, Phormio mio's account is that Pasion ought to have been punished, as owed 11 talents to the bank; a slave, with hard-labour at the whereas Apollodorus unfairly, mill, for bad management. For as it seems, treating this sum the mill, as a common part of as a deficit though it stood in slaves' labour, cf. the Phormio Pasion's hands to the credit of of Terence, II. 1. 18 herus si the bank, denounces Phormio redierit, Molendum usque in for having caused the bank to pistrino, vapulandum, habendae get into debt. [Apollodorus compedes.' In Lysias Or. 1 8 18 wishes to throw a doubt on a master threatens his θεραπαινα Phormio's ever having had a with the punishment μαστιγωlease at all on the terms now θείσαν εις μνλώνα εμπεσείν, and brought forward. He says he Dinarchus, contr. Dem. 8 23, would have been a fool to pay says that Memnon the miller so much for a business that was was condemned to death for encumbered if not insolvent; making a freeborn boy work in and Pasio would have been his mill. Cf. Eur. Cycl. 240 equally foolish if he had let the εις μυλώνα καταβαλείν, and Pol. bank to one who had managed lux, ίνα κολάζονται οι δούλοι, it so badly as Phormio. P.] μυλώνες κ.τ.λ. (Κ. F. Hermann,

ει γάρ κ.τ.λ.] Α sophistical Privatalt. § 24, 9.) The parallel argument to bear out the pre- of Samson, 'eyeless in Gaza at vious clause δι' δν ώφειλήκει ή the mill with slaves,' will occur τράπεζα. It is quite true that to every reader (Judges xvi. 21, ή τράπεζα ενεδέησε χρημάτων, but Milton Samson Agonistes 41,&c.). then the 11 talents in question -μύλων, a false form. Chandwere held by Pasion on the ler, Gk. Acc. 8 638.

ήκεν αυτόν είναι μάλλον και των λοιπών κύριον γεν34 έσθαι. αλλ' εώ ταυτα και τάλλ' όσ’ αν περί των ΙΙΙ2

ένδεκα ταλάντων έχoιμι είπείν, ως ουκ ώφειλεν ο πατήρ, άλλ' ούτος υφήρηται. αλλ' ου ανέγνων ένεκα', του την διαθήκην ψευδή δείξαι, τούθ' υμάς αναμνήσω. γέγραπται γαρ αυτόθι, μη εξείναι δε τραπεζιτεύειν Φορμίωνοι, εαν μη ημάς πείση. τούτο τοίνυν το γράμμα παντελώς δηλοί ψευδή την διαθήκην ουσαν. τίς γάρ αν ανθρώπων, ά μεν έμελλε τραπεζιτείων ούτος έργάζεσθαι", ταύθ' όπως ημίν τους αυτού παισιν, αλλά μη τούτω γενήσεται προύνοήθη, και διά τούτο μη εξείναι τούτω τραπεζιτεύειν έγραψεν, ίνα μή αφί

στηται αφ' ημών & δ' αυτός είργασμένος ένδον κατ35 έλειπε, ταύθ' όπως ούτος λήψεται παρεσκεύασεν; και

* είνεκα Ζ.
& äv G. H. Schaefer,

om. Bekker et Z cum libris.
6 ήμελλε Ζ. (See note on Isocr. Paneg. 8 83.)
1 Bekker. om. Ζcum Σ.
34. έω ταύτα κ.τ.λ.] The taking precautions to ensure
speaker, it will be observed, his own children receiving the
makes no attempt to meet fairly profits of a lessee's management
the statement made on the op- of the bank, by preventing him
posite side, accounting for the from doing business on his
11 talents not being actually own behalf, nevertheless ac-
in the bank. (Or. 36 38 4-6). tually provided for that lessee's

[υφήρηται. Phormio, he says, appropriating the profits he had has filched, or secretly with- himself laid by in his lifetime drawn, eleven talents from the and left behind him on his bank, which he now pretends death?' [The two things, he says, Pasion and Pasion's heirs were are inconsistent. If Phormio bound to repay. P.).

must bank only in the interest μη τραπεζιτεύειν.] The object and for the benefit of Pasion's of this clause appears to have family, it was not likely that he been to prevent Phormio's would have had so much money doing business on his own ac- left him by Pasion; i. e. he count, apart from the profits must have got it unfairly. The made on the bank. The plain. sentence is artificially contiff seems rather unfairly to structed, and is one of those suggest that Phormio was al- sometimes called “bimembered,' lowed to make no profit what- where each clause is antithetical ever out of the lease.

to the other, as here προύνοήθη τίς γάρ άν κ.τ.λ.] “Is there όπως το παρεσκεύασεν όπως. Ρ.] any man, I ask, who, after

της μέν εργασίας έφθόνησεν, ής ουδέν αισχρόν ήν μεταδούναι: την δε γυναίκα έδωκεν, ου μείζον ουδέν αν κατέλιπεν' όνειδος και τυχών γε της παρ' υμών δωρεάς, είτα ώσπερ αν δούλος δεσπότη διδούς, αλλ' ού τουναν

τίον, είπερ έδίδου, δεσπότης οικέτη, προστιθείς προίκα 36 όσην ουδείς των εν τη πόλει φαίνεται. καίτοι τούτω

μεν αυτό τούτο αγαπητόν ήν, τό της δεσποίνης αξιωθήναι: τω πατρί δε ουδέ λαμβάνοντι τοσαύτα χρήματα, όσα φασί διδόντα ούτοι, εύλογον ήν πράξαι

Bekker. κατέλειπεν Ζ cum Σ. * Bekker. λαμβάνοντα Ζcum Σ. 35. ού.] sc. ονείδους, viz. the such a gift as might be expected disgrace του γυναίκα τούτω δε- from a superior to an inferior, δωκέναι.

in which latter case a very slight τυχών γε της παρ' υμών δω- favour would be enough, at any peas.] The fact that Pasion was rate the inferior would be con. made a citizen of Athens in- tent with being allowed to have creases the disgrace brought on the honour of being married to his family by his providing in his his superior's wife, without any alleged will that his wife should dowry at all. marry Phormio.—Or. 59 § 2 είπερ έδίδου] which Apoll. ψηφισαμένου του δήμου του 'Αθη- does not admit. ναίων 'Αθηναίον είναι Πασίωνα και προστιθείς προίκα.] Οr. 40 8 εκγόνους τους εκείνου διά τάς ευερ- 25 προσθέντας (se. προίκα) εκγεσίας τάς εις την πόλιν followed δούναι. Fals. Leg. 8 195 προίκα by τη του δήμουν δωρεά. Οr. 36 προσθείς εκδώσω και ου περι8 47. [τυχών γε seems an ima- όψομαι παθούσας ουδέν ανάξιον ginary answer in favour of ούθ' ημών ούτε του πατρός (cf. Phormio ; 'very true; but then 8 54 infra, προίκα επιδους εκδουit was after he had received the ναι, n.). Εur. Hippol. 628 προσfranchise (that he took the θείς ... πατήρ φερνάς, απώκισ'... wife).' 'So then' (the retort Hyperides, Lycophron col. 11. 1. is), like a slave who makes a 16 (quoted by Shilleto), ευθύς wife over to his master, rather εξεδόθη, τάλαντον αργυρίου προσthan in the converse case,

Pa- θέντος αυτη Ευφήμου. The com. sion gave him, it seems, a mar- moner term was επιδούναι (cf. riage portion larger than any 8S 30, 54, &c.). citizen ever did !' P.]

36. λαμβάνοντι χρήματα.] Not ώσπερ αν.] sc. διδοίη. Pasion's even if he got from Phormio gift of his wife with a large (viz. as a bribe for leaving him dowry to Phormio, is the kind his wife) the same large amount of gift a slave might offer his which the defendants pretend masterin acknowledgement that that he gave Phormio as all the slave had, belonged by marriage portion.-φασί διδόντα, right to his master, and not supply πράξαι ταύτα.

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