ground behind Baltimore, still bears his name. A descendant of his, Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. The original purchase of Carroll included some of the most eligible parts of the present city of Baltimore, which at an early day, were sold by Charles and Daniel Carroll, sixty acres, at forty shillings an acre, payment being made in tobacco at one penny per pound.

At that time, Baltimore appears to have been surrounded with a board fence, with two gates for carriages and one for foot-passengers.

The Flour Trade.-The quantity of wheat-flour and corn-meal inspected during the miller's year, from July 1, 1846, to June 30, 1847, inclusive, exceeds, by 165,418 barrels of flour, and over 50,000 barrels of meal, the largest quantity ever before inspected in any corresponding year in this city; the next largest amount of flour inspected was for the year 18456. The following table is copied from Lyfords' Price Current:

most celebrated, being justly esteemed and preferred above all other water-birds for its rich and delicate flavor. These birds are shot in great numbers in the autumn, and are in great demand, even in the markets of Philadelphia and New York.

Of the three geographical sections into which Maryland is naturally divided, the eastern shore forms the first; and this, as before remarked, has some peculiar features. The Chesapeake peninsula, of which it forms the western slope, from Pocomoke bay to the mouth of the Suquehanna, is a remarkable piece of land, lying between the Chesapeake and Delaware bays, with a portion of its southeastern border washed by the ocean. The isthmus which connects it with the continent has been cut through by the Chesapeake and Delaware canal, and thus the whole cape, or peninsula, may be said to have become an island. Measured from that point to its southern extremity, Cape Charles, is one hundred and eightytwo miles in length, and the general form is that of a leaf, with lobes and indentations. The south part, seventy miles long by eight or ten wide, belongs to Virginia; the middle section belongs wholly to Maryland; and the upper part is divided between this state and Delaware. The widest part, near the middle, is seventy miles across, the mean breadth of the whole about twenty miles, and the area 4,900 square miles. The surface is generally flat or gently undulated. The eastern border has a succession of low, sandy islands and beaches, with shallow sounds, opening by narrow channels, and no considerable streams.

The western side of the peninsula, on the contrary, has a number of rivers, of size and depth, navigable, and numerous coves and inlets.

Maryland has a general and gradual rise from the shores of Chesapeake bay to the sources of the Potomac, about two thousand feet; but the intermediate regions are in several places diversified by hills and mountainous elevations, chiefly the ridges of the Alleganies. The blue ridge presents a uniform swell, generally gradual. In some western parts of the state the rocks protrude, and considerable tracts are unfit for cultivation. There, however, iron and coal abound. Maryland was named in honour of the queen, Henrietta Maria.

Audubon's Description of Sailing down the Ohio.

"When my wife, my eldest son, (then an infant,) and myself, were returning from Pennsylvania to Kentucky, we found it expedient, the waters being unusually low, to provide ourselves with a skiff, to enable us to proceed to our abode at Henderson. I purchased a large, commodious, and light boat, of that denomination. We procured a mattrass, and our friends furnished us with ready prepared viands. We had two stout negro lowers, and in this trim we left the village of Shippingport, in expectation of reaching the place of our destination in a very few days.

The

It was in the month of October. autumnal tint already decorated the shores of that queen of Rivers, the Ohio. Every tree was hung with flowing festoons of different species of vines, many loaded with clustered fruits of varied brilliancy, their rich bronzied carmine mingling beautifully with the yellow foliage, which now predominated over the yet green leaves, reflecting more lively tints from the clear stream than ever landscape-painter portrayed, or poet imagined.

The days were yet warm. The sun had assumed the rich and glowing hue which at that season produces the singular phenomenon called there the "Indian summer." The moon had rather passed the meridian of her grandeur. We glided down the river, meeting no other ripple of the water than that formed by the propulsion of our boat. Leisurely we moved along, gazing all day on the grandeur and beauty of the wild scenery

around us.

Now and then a large cat-fish rose to the surface of the water in pursuit of a shoal of fry, which, starting simultaneously from the liquid element, like so many silvery arrows, produced a shower of light, while the pursuer, with open jaws seized the stragglers, and with a splash of the tail, disappeared from our view. Other fishes were heard uttering beneath our bark a rumbling noise, the strange sounds of which we discovered to proceed from the white perch, for on casting our nett from the bow, we caught several of that species, when the noise ceased for a time.

Nature, in her varied arrangements, seems to have felt a partiality toward this portion of our country. As the traveller

ascends or descends the Ohio, he cannot help remarking that, alternately, nearly the whole length of the river, the margin, on one side is bounded by lofty hills and a rolling surface; while, on the other, extensive plains of the richest alluvial lands are seen as far as the can command the view. Islands of various size and form rise here and there from the bosom of the water, and the winding course of the stream frequently brings you to places where the idea of being on a river of great length changes to that of floating on a lake of moderate extent. Some of these islands are of considerable size and value, while others, small and insignificant, seem as if intended for contrast, and as serving to enhance the general interest of the scenery. These little islands are frequently overflowed during great freshets, or floods, and receive at their heads prodigious heaps of drifted timber. We foresaw with great concern, the alterations that cultivation would soon produce along these delightful banks.

As night came, sinking in darkness the broader portions of the river, our minds became affected by strong emotions, and wandered far beyond the present moment. The tinkling of bells told us that the cattle which bore them were gently roving from valley to valley in search of food, or returning to their distant homes. The hooting of the great owl, or the muffled noise of its wings, as it sailed smoothly over the stream, were matters of interest to us; so was the sound of the boatman's horn, as it came winding more and more softly from afar. When daylight returned, many songsters burst forth with echoing notes, more and more mellow to the listening ear. and there the lonely cabin of a squatter met the eye, giving note of commencing civilization. The crossing of the stream by a deer, foretold how soon the hills would be covered with snow.

Here

Many sluggish flat-boats we overtook and passed--some laden with produce from the different headwaters of the small rivers that pour their tributary streams into the Ohio; others, of less dimensions, crowded with emigrants from distant parts, in search of a new home. Purer pleasures I never felt; nor have you, reader, I ween, unless indeed you have felt the like and in such company. The margins of the shores and of the rivers were at this season amply supplied

with game. A wild turkey, a grouse, or a blue-winged teal, could be procured in a few moments; and we fared well, for whenever we pleased we landed, struck up a fire, and, provided as we were with the necessary utensils, procured a good répast.

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Several of these happy days passed, and we neared our home, when, one evening, not far from Pigeon creek (a small stream which runs into the Ohio, from the state of Indiana,) a loud and strange noise was heard, so like the yells of Indian warfare, that we pulled at our oars, and made for the opposite side as fast as possible. The sounds increased; we imagined we heard the cries of der;" and, as we knew that some deprepations had lately been committed in the country by dissatisfied parties of aborigines, we felt for a while extremely uncomfortable. Ere long, however, our minds became more calmed, and we plainly discovered that the singular uproar was produced by an enthusiastic sect. Without meeting with any other interruption, we reached Henderson, distant from Shippingport by water about two hundred miles.

When I think of these times, and call back to my mind the grandeur and beauty of these almost uninhabited shores-when I picture to myself the dense and lofty summits of the forest, that everywhere spread along the hills, and overhung the margins of the stream, unmolested by the axe of the settler; when I know how dearly purchased the safe navigation of that river has been, by the blood of many worthy Virginians; when I see that no longer any aborigines are to be found there, and that the vast herds of elks, deer and buffaloes, which once pastured on these hills and in these valleys, making for themselves great roads to the several salt springs, have ceased to exist --when I reflect that all this grand portion of our Union, instead of being in a state of nature, is now more or less covered with villages, farms and towns, where the din of hammers and machinery is constantly heard; that the woods. are fast disappearing under the axe by day and the fire by night--that hundreds of steamboats are gliding to and fro, over the whole length of the majestic river, forcing commerce to take root and to prosper at every spot; when I see the surplus population of Europe coming to

assist in the destruction of the forest, and transplanting civilization into its dark recesses; when I remember that these extraordinary changes have all taken place in the short period of twenty years, I pause, wonder, and, although I know all to be the fact, can scarcely believe its reality."

Our Young Men.

What an important period of life is that, in which our youth pass from boyhood to manhood! With the mind in a great measure undisciplined; often seeing things through a false medium; believing the false glitter attendant upon fashion and frivolity, to be far more desirable than the teachings of wisdom; and often with no one to guide them aright; it ought not to be a matter of surprise that sometimes a lad is lost on the rocks that lie all along his path: from the day he starts, a bright, unsophisticated boy, from the hearth stone of his father's house till he is enabled to say, "I am of age." At this time of life, when he should be the most protected from the wiles of the unprincipled, and the fashionable vices of the world; he is often the most unprotected! Circumstances crowd him into new and dangerous scenes to fit him for a livelihood--and, with the good principles inculcated at home not securely fastened upon him he breaks away gradually from them all; and a few years serve to change his whole character, which budded so fairly, and leave nothing but a wreck of the ingenuous lad, for parents and friends to weep over.

I was reading, a few days since, of a lad in New York, who, though scarcely twenty-one years old, had been sentenced to serve twenty-one years in the State Prison. His depravity for one so young, was almost unparallelled. He was suspected, from various circumstances to have murdered an innocent boy, last year, of ten or eleven years of age. The murderers were never discovered, although suspicion always centered on this Other enormities, long conyoung man. tinued, and of a monstrous character, were clearly proved against him; and for twenty-one years he is to be secluded from the world, and associated with felons. When he shall repass those prison gates (should he survive his imprisonment) and shall again inhale the free air

of the world, he will be prematurely old! Twenty-one years! Three times as long as would be required of him to learn a trade, that if he sedulously followed, would make him respected and happy, he is to be the inmate of a prison! The pestiferous air of his prison house, the company of those hardened offenders, will in that long period become necessary to his life! And when his period of punishment has expired, like the aged prisoner of the Bastile, who when its walls were battered down and he was set free, after wandering about for a few hours in the glorious sunlight from which his eyes had been so long excluded, sat down and wept for his dungeon again; so may this lad, after being blotted out of existence for twenty-one years, repine for the thick walls and murky atmosphere of his cell!

What a lesson is read to our young men in the fate of this lad! He did not fall into those crimes in a day, that have made him the depraved wretch which he now is. He was once happy, innocent, the pride of his parents and friends. But one error indulged in, and then a greater, unheeded perhaps by his too lenient mentors, vice soon followed, and where is he now? Humanity weeps at the contemplation.

Our young men must guard well the first step in error, and so should their protectors for them. It is the first error that lays the foundation often for the most squalid drunkards that ever ruined themselves with strong drinks.

The period from boyhood to manhood, should be passed in some employment that requires much of the time. Idleness is the bane of young and old; but especially of the young. It gives them time to think of and to devise schemes that often ruin! Whether a boy be learning a trade or studying for a profession, I would exhort him as a true friend to beware of idleness. Your occupation does not take up your whole time, (and it ought not;) devote leisure hours to reading. If you have not a taste for it, acquire one by reading instructive books, join the literary societies of your place, and if there are none, endeavour to stir your companions up to forming them; they are harmless. All these things will tend to carry you safely through that most critical period of life, your minority, and not only this, but no sooner have you

aroused a taste for these useful recreations of reading, &c., than the desire for learning will continue to possess you, and ere your freedom comes, you will very likely, be a well informed young man, prepared to enact your part with credit to yourself and satisfaction to your friends. In all your minority, do not fear to consult older persons, as to the propriety of this or that course. Many lads have been lost, for want of confidence in asking the advice of older friends, who in nine cases in ten will be glad to counsel, if it be but made manifest that counsel is desired.

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One word more. Do not imbibe the foolish notion, that the life of a farmer or mechanic is less desirable than that of a clerk, or a professional man. That life is honorable, to which circumstances evidently point you. The public feeling in this respect, may be inferred from the fact, I saw stated in a paper a few days since, that an advertisement for a clerk in one of our cities brought three hundred applications, while one for an apprentice brought three. This is wrong, and our young men must correct their notions in this respect, or suffer from them through life. The discipline attendant upon acquiring necessary information to be a farmer or a mechanic is of the highest utility, it developes the physical system and makes it a healthy temple for the mind to occupy. That young man, who rises above the vulgar prejudice, that there is anything dishonorable or degrading in that life which requires the exercise of those physical powers, which God has so nicely adjusted in the human system, will hardly fail to make his way in the world. The time is coming when the number will be few that will not agree with me in this respect. It is the true doctrine, and like all other truths, it must prevail.-C. Holden.

NOVEL READING.-"The taste for novel reading is a serious obstacle to the circulation of solid or religious reading matter. Novel readers do not want religious books. The taste of novel readers has become so vitiated, that nothing but a novel, bloated with a sickly sentimentalism, and descriptions of love-sick swains and lasses, can be relished. To such a taste all other kinds of reading are insipid, tedious and tasteless."

[American Messenger.

Dog Story.

We have recently had the following dog story told us, and for the proof it furnishes that that animal has something very like reason, we do not know when we have heard its equal It will be recollected that the old card-factory on the hill used to be carried by dog power. Of the many dogs employed in the factory at different times, there was one remarkable for his size and good qualities. Every morning when the hour arrived for him to go to work, he would be on hand at the factory, and, as soon as the door was opened, would start for the treading machine, and work steadily until he was discharged. One day a couple of bones were given to him. As he was gnawing one of them, a small dog, also used in the same factory, came up and took the other bone away. The large dog soon went after the small one, gave him a good hearty shaking and carried the bone back to its place. Ever after this, the small dog seemed to have a great affection for the larger one.

Well, time went on apace, and the card business was stopped. Still, the owners of the dogs did not like to kill them, though they were of no particular use. Not long after, the owner of the large dog alluded to, had occasion to go to Troy, and took the dog along with him. He reached there on Saturday, and as he was going on farther to spend the Sabbath, he told the man he had stopped with at Troy, that he would leave the dog with him. "Now," says he, "do you keep him chained up till Sunday night; and if you find after that he isn't inclined to stay with you, let him go, or kill him." The owner of the dog continued his journey and returned to Springfield the next Monday afternoon. He had not been home more than an hour, before the dog he had left at Troy, made his way into the house, as wet as water could make him, from having swam the Connecticut.

The master kept him a long time after this, till he got one of his legs broke, when it was concluded that the poor fellow must be killed. He was accordingly taken off a short distance from the card factory and shot, his body being left on the spot. Now for the doint of our story. The small dog, above referred to, who always had such a friendly regard

for his large and stronger brother, after he had been so unceremoniously handled by him, went to the place where his carcass had been left, pawed a hole by its side, and actually buried it.-Spring'd pa. Indians.

The Hindoos worship their multiform gods of the earth, air and sea. The North American Indian only believes in them. He worships the Great Spirit.

War, sloth, and intemperance are the three great curses which have fallen upon the Red Race of America. Many whole tribes have gone down and perished under their triple influence; but it is not too late for those who remain to reform and recover themselves.

The natives are more easily pleased than instructed. A harsh or ungracious method with them, is always unfavourable to good results. That instruction which comes from a mild voice and pleasing manners, is fraught with power, even upon the roughest savage.-Schoolcraft.

INDIAN NOBILITY.-Col. David Folsom, a highly honored half-bred Indian of the Choctaw nation, died on the 24th of September. His heart, expanded by Christian principle, could embrace in in its fraternal regards the common interests of the human family, not excluding even his enemies. The writer well recollects, that, twenty years ago, passing through his territory, then on this side the Mississippi, and enjoying his hospitality for a night, he was made the bearer of $10, as a donation from him to the "South Western Theological Seminary," in Ten

nesee.

The true American must rejoice, that this philanthropist of the forest lived to see his tribe, through the aid of missions, fully civilized and christianized, and, under a judicious system of free governments, appropriating about $6000 annually, for common educational purposes, a larger sum, in proportion to the numbers, than is appropriated by any other people on the globe. [Jour. of Com.

PROGRESS OF CIVILIZATION.-The native population of Lahaina, Sandwich Islands, in January 1846, was 8445. The Rev. Mr. Baldwin supposes that about five hundred native families eat at the table in the style of civilization, and prepare their food after the manner of Europeans.