:

me

aut nihil valere aut ad salutem debet valere: congredere mecum criminibus ipsis. quid accusas, Cato? quid adfers ad iudicium? quid arguis? ambitum accusas: non defendo. reprehendis, quod idem defendam, qui lege punierim: punivi ambitum, non innocentiam, ambitum vero ipsum vel tecum accusabo, si voles. dixisti senatus consultum me referente esse factum si mercede obviam candidatis issent, si conducti sectarentur, si gladiatoribus locus tributim, item prandia si vulgo essent data, contra legem Calpurniam factum videri. ergo ita senatus nisi iudicat, contra legem facta haec videri, si facta sint, decernit quod nihil opus est, dum candidatis morem gerit; nam factum sit necne, vehementer quaeritur: si factum sit, quin contra legem sit, dubitare nemo potest. est igitur ridiculum, quod est 68 dubium, id relinquere incertum: quod nemini dubium potest. esse, id indicare. atque id decernitur omnibus postulantibus candidatis, ut ex senatus consulto neque cuius intersit neque contra quem sit intellegi possit. quare doce, a L. Murena illa esse commissa; tum egomet tibi contra legem commissa esse concedam.

XXXIII. 'multi obviam prodierunt de provincia decedenti.' eccui autem non proditur revertenti? 'quae fuit ista multi

purposely void of meaning, a piece of weak concession to the wealthy class (chiefly senators, cf. on § 47) who stand for office.

si factum sit] The subj. hints that the charge against Murena is not true. 2.

68. indicare] Z's simple and excellent correction of iudicare.

omnibus] and hence, by simply quoting it, there is no presumption raised that Murena did any of those things.

doce......tum concedam] so de imp. Gn. Pomp. $ 38, recordamini......... tum statuetis. cf. doce......concedam in § 70. xxxiii. decedenti revertenti] 'when he quitted his province'.. 'when he came back to Rome.' In these cases the present (or imperf.) participle seems to lose its force.

6

tudo?' primum, si tibi istam rationem non possim reddere, quid habet admirationis, tali viro advenienti, candidato consulari, obviam prodisse multos? quod nisi esset factum, magis 69 mirandum videretur. quid? si etiam illud addam, quod a consuetudine non abhorret, rogatos esse multos, num aut criminosum est aut mirandum, qua in civitate rogati infimorum hominum filios prope de nocte ex ultima saepe urbe deductum venire soleamus, in ea non esse gravatos homines prodire hora tertia in campum Martium, praesertim talis viri nomine rogatos? quid? si omnes societates venerunt, quarum ex numero multi sedent iudices? quid? si multi homines nostri ordinis honestissimi? quid? si illa officiosissima, quae neminem patitur non honeste in urbem introire, tota natio candidatorum? si denique ipse accusator noster Postumus obviam cum bene magna caterva sua venit, quid habet ista multitudo admirationis? omitto clientes, vicinos, tribules, exercitum totum Luculli, qui ad triumphum per eos dies venerat : hoc dico, frequentiam in isto.officio gratuitam non modo dignitati ullius

cf. pro Planc. § 65, cum decedens e provincia (Sicily) Puteolos forte venissem, Tac. Agr. 9, revertentem, 18, ingredienti, Ann. II. 69, remeans. The reason, no doubt, is that Rome was regarded as the centre of the world, as we say, the 'metropolis.' At this time, and for more than a year afterwards (till the lex Julia of B. C. 61), the provincial governors rendered account of their administration at Rome. Thus a man would, strictly speaking, be decedens or revertens until he had rendered account.

istam rationem = istius rei rationem] cf. Madv. § 314.

habet] involves,' 'causes.' cf. §§ 12, 87, 89, 69.

69. deductum] sc. in forum, as was the custom when youths first put on the toga virilis. This visit was called tirocinium fori, and was performed at early morning (prope de nocte).

prodire] to go out of the city to meet him beyond the walls in the

campus Martius, which seems to have been the ordinary place for meeting a friend revertentem. nomicf. § 82.

ne.

societates] the companies of revenue farmers (publicani) who belonged to the equestrian order. At this time two of the three panels (decuriae) of jurors were composed of equites. See App. B.

natio] Z cf. in Pis. § 55, ne de officiosissima quidem natione candidatorum. The word is depreciatory, cf. pro Sest. §§ 96, 97, de Nat. D. II. § 74. Add Phaedrus, II. 5, est ardelionum quaedam Romae natio. bene magna] as we say, a good large' throng. cf. de Or. 11. § 361, sermonem bene longum hominis.

exercitum] cf. § 37.

hoc dico] but this much I will say.' non modo. I do not say to enhance a man's personal credit, but simply to give him satisfaction.' cf. de imp. Gn. Pomp. § 66.

gratuitam] voluntary, opposed to mercede.

umquam, sed ne voluptati quidem defuisse. at sectabantur 70 multi.' doce mercede: concedam esse crimen. hoc quidem remoto, quid reprehendis? quid opus est,' inquit, sectatoribus?' XXXIV. a me tu id quaeris, quid opus sit eo, quo semper usi sumus? homines tenues unum habent in nostrum ordinem aut promerendi aut referendi beneficii locum, hanc in nostris petitionibus operam atque adsectationem. neque enim fieri potest neque postulandum est a nobis aut ab equitibus Romanis, ut suos necessarios candidatos adsectentur totos dies, a quibus si domus nostra celebratur, si interdum ad forum deducimur, si uno basilicae spatio honestamur, diligenter observari videmur et coli: tenuiorum amicorum et non occupatorum est ista assiduitas, quorum copia bonis viris et beneficis deesse non solet. noli igitur eripere hunc inferiori generi hominum fruc-71 tum officii, Cato: sine eos, qui omnia a nobis sperant, habere ipsos quoque aliquid, quod nobis tribuere possint. si nihil erit praeter ipsorum suffragium, tenue est, si, ut suffragentur, nihil valent gratia. ipsi denique ut solent loqui non dicere pro nobis, non spondere, non vocare domum suam possunt. atque haec a nobis petunt omnia neque ulla re alia, quae a nobis consequuntur, nisi opera sua compensari putant posse. itaque et legi Fabiae, quae est de numero sectatorum, et senatus consulto, quod est L. Caesare consule factum, resti

70. at] The second clause is now dealt with. cf. § 67. sectabantur. sc. during the canvass.

xxxiv. nobis] 'us senators.' candidatos] when they have on their toga candida, i.e. are openly engaged in canvassing.

a quibus si......] so auct. petit. cons. 34 gives the three kinds of adsectatio, viz., salutatorum, deductorum, adsectatorum.

spatio] with a single turn in a public hall. The basilicae were used (a) as courts of justice, (b) as promenades.

71. si ut suffragentur] sc. erit, to be supplied from above. 'If it is to

be their support in canvassing, why, their influence is nothing.' We find suffragari continually used in

this sense. de Off. 1. § 138, domus suffragata domino, pro Planc. § 1, etc., but the best instance is auct. petit. cons. § 28, in eo quem homines ignoti, nullis suffragantibus, honore adficiant, i.e. without the interven. tion of suffragatores. cf. §§ 16, 44.

spondere] become security for us. pro Planc. § 47, quod multis benigne fecerit, pro multis spoponderit.

legi Fabiae] Nothing more is known about this. Probably it was passed about B. C. 66 or 65 as a supplement to the lex Calpurnia. Z.

L. Caesare consule] B. C. 64. The definition of the time by the name of one consul only is strange but cf. de prov. cons. § 45, Iulias leges et ceteras illo consule rogatas. Probably only the consul who presided at the

terunt; nulla est enim poena, quae possit observantiam tenui72 orum ab hoc vetere instituto officiorum excludere. ' at spec

tacula sunt tributim data et ad prandium vulgo vocati.' etsi hoc factum a Murena omnino, iudices, non est, ab eius amicis autem more et modo factum est, tamen admonitus re ipsa recordor, quantum hae conquestiones in senatu habitae punctorum nobis, Servi, detraxerint. quod enim tempus fuit aut nostra aut patrum nostrorum memoria, quo haec, sive ambitio est sive liberalitas, non fuerit, ut locus et in circo et in foro daretur amicis et tribulibus? haec homines tenuiores a suis tribulibus vetere instituto adsequebantur.

73 xxxv... praefectum fabrum semel locum tribulibus suis dedisse quid statuent in viros primarios, qui in circo totas tabernas tribulium causa compararunt? haec omnia sectatorum, spectaculorum, prandiorum crimina a multitudine in tuam nimiam diligentiam, Servi, coniecta sunt, in quibus tamen

debate is mentioned. H. Nothing is known of the matter.

restiterunt] paid no attention to it, made it a dead letter.

72. spectacula] seats for seeing the games from. cf. pro Sest. § 124, Liv. I. 35, ubi spectacula sibi quisque facerent.....spectavere furcis spectacula alta sustinentibus, XLV. I, Ov. Met. X. 668, resonant spectacula plausu.

etsi......tamen] though this is really not to the point, yet the mention of it serves to remind me that......

more et modo] so nihil more, nihil modo, in pro Scauro § 37. T.

=

hae conquestiones] 'complaints of this sort.' cf. on § 7. punctorum] suffragiorum. cf. pro. Planc. § 53, Hor. A. P. 343. nobis] 'us' our side. Cic. had supported Servius. cf. § 7.

ambitio lawful adfectatio honoris, opposed to ambitus, unlawful. cf. pro Planc. § 45, cum ambitionis nostrae tempora postulabant. liberalitas. cf. § 77.

in foro] where the gladiators were exhibited, before the days of amphitheatres.

tribulibus] the fellow-tribesmen of the candidates. But the charge brought against Murena was spectacula tributim data, i.e. to whole tribes at a time. H.

adsequebantur] here there is a lacuna in the MSS.

XXXV. 73. Mommsen supplies sense thus [quodsi criminosum vide tur amicum quendam Murenae,] praefectum......H.

praefectum fabrum] 'an officer of engineers.' cf. Caes. B. C. 1. 24.

tabernas] either 'boxes,' i.e. booths with seats (H.), or 'blocks of seats,' i.e. strictly the entrance arcades which gave access to the several blocks (Z.), cf. Tac. Ann. XV. 38, Dionys. Hal. III. 68.

compararunt] have 'taken,' as we say, i.e. hired.

diligentiam] cf. pro Ligar. § 1, quoniam diligentia inimici investigatum est quod latebat.

coniecta] flung upon, 'laid to the door of your over-activity in hunting up charges against your rivals.' cf. II in Verr. II. § 18, o praeclare coniectum a vulgo in illam provinciam omen comunis famae atque sermonis,

Murena senatus auctoritate defenditur. quid enim? senatus num obviam prodire crimen putat? 'non, sed mercede :' convince. num sectari multos? 'non, sed conductos:' doce. num locum ad spectandum dare aut ad prandium invitare? 'minime, sed vulgo.' quid est vulgo? 'universos.' non igitur, si L. Natta, summo loco adulescens, qui et quo animo iam sit et qualis vir futurus sit videmus, in equitum centuriis voluit esse et ad hoc officium necessitudinis et ad reliquum tempus gratiosus, id erit eius vitrico fraudi aut crimini, nec, si virgo Vestalis, huius propinqua et necessaria, locum suum gladiatorium concessit huic, non et illa pie fecit et hic a culpa est remotus. omnia haec sunt officia necessariorum, commoda tenuiorum, munia candidatorum.

at enim agit mecum austere et stoice Cato: negat verum 74 esse adlici benevolentiam cibo, negat iudicium hominum in magistratibus mandandis corrumpi voluptatibus oportere. ergo, ad cenam petitionis causa si quis vocat, condemnetur? 'quippe' inquit; 'tu mihi summum imperium, tu summam auctoritatem, tu gubernacula rei publicae petas fovendis homi

auctoritate] the 'expressed will' of the Senate consultum, as in de Leg. 11. § 37, senatus vetus auctoritas de Bacchanalibus, ad Fam. I. 2. 4, de his rebus senatus auctoritas gravissima intercessit. cf. sup. § 67.

num locum...dare] Campe suspects that the answer to this (non, sed tributim. cf. § 67) has dropped out. H. universos] this question and answer is quoted by Quint. VII. iii. 16.

L. Pinarius Natta] As pontiff in B.C. 58 he joined in the destruction of Cicero's house.

centuriis] there were 18 of equites. necessitudinis] the service which his close connection demanded. cf. div. in Caec. § 14, pro Sest. § 10, officium vicinitatis. For gen. cf. on § 1. ad reliquum tempus] sc. petitionis Murenae. Z, which seems nonsense, but it is hard to see what it does mean. Perhaps simply 'for the future,' i.e. with an eye to needing their support one day himself.

propinqua] perhaps a Licinia. H. gladiatorium] cf. pro Sest. § 124, consessu gladiatorio. Z, who thinks that the places were those kept for all the six Vestals. The conjecture gladiatoribus is unnecessary. Add pro Sest. § 115.

munia] 'services,' 'functions,' a rare word in Cicero, but found pro Sest. § 138. H.

74. verum] 'right,' 'fair,' as often. cf. Tusc. D. III. § 73, Verg. Aen. XII. 694, Hor. Epp. I. 7. 98.

quippe] in answers='what then?' i.e. 'certainly,' 'to be sure.' cf. pro Caec. § 55, de Fin. v. § 84, IV. § 7. Festus, p. 257 M. says that it=quid