John 1272. great Importance; took the Caftle of Roxbrow, had Edinburgh rendred to him, fo brought Baliol to fae for Peckham, Mercy; which was granted on conA. B. of dition that the Scots fhould fubmit Cant. to him as their Sovereign. And accordingly the Nobles of Scotland, at a Parliament holden at Berwick, did fwear to be true Subjects to Edward for ever after; and hereof a folemn Instrument was there fealed by them. John the late King was fent to the Tower of London, and the Cuftody of Scotland was com mitted to John de Warren, Earl of Surry and Suffex. Out of Edinburgh Edward took the Crown, Scepter, and Cloth of State, burnt their Records, abrogated their Laws, altered the Form of their Divine Service, tranfplanted their learned Men unto Oxford. The Marble Chair in the Abby of Schone, wherein the Kings of Scotland were wont to be crowned, he fent unto Westminster. This is the Chair upon which was engraven the famous prophetical Diftich: Ni fallat fatum, Scoti quocunque locatum That the Scots fhould reign where- to Battle. Capt Wallis encouraged his Men with this fhort Speech; I have brought you to the King, kop gif ye kun. In this Battle, fought at a Place called Fawkirk, the Englifh flew of the Scots 70,000. After which Victory, King Edvard took fundry Places in Scotland, then returned into England, where in a Parliament holden at London and Stamford, he confirmed Magna Charta, and Charta de Foresta, and yielded that there fhould be no Subfidy or Taxation levied upon the People, without Confent of the Prelates, Peers, and People. And for the more ample Satisfaction of fome then difcontented, he left cut this Claufe in the End of his Grants, Salvojure Coronæ noftræ, Saving the Right of our Crown. Upon the Pope's Requeft he fet John late King of Scotland at Liberty, who departed into France. And then the King made it his whole Affair to fini the Annexation of Scotland to the Crown of England; to which End, he paffed with a dreadful Army into Scotland, where the Scots not being able to withstand him by Force o Arms, procured inhibitory Letter from the Pope; but thefe the King fet Light by, fwearing per fanguinem Dei, that he would not defift. And when the Scots threatned, that if he would not defift his Hoftility, the Pope would take the Matter upon him; the King, with a difdainful Smile, answered, Have ye done Homage to me as to the chief Lord of the Kingdom of Scotland; and do you now fuppofe that I can be terrify'd with threatning Lies, as if (like one that had no Power to compel) I would let the Right which I have, to go out of my Hand? Let me hear no more of this; for if I do, I fwear by the Lord, I will confume all Scotland from Sea to Sea. To which the Seets replied, That in Defence of Justice and their Country's Rights, they would fhed their Blood. Howbeit, that the King might not feem altogether to neglect the Court of Rome, he fent the Earl of Lincola thither in Juftification of his Proceedings; and at the Inftance of the Pope, he granted Truce to the Scots from All Saints to Whitfontide. But the Pope not long fatisfied with this, directly oppofed the King in his martial Proceedings against that Nation; wherefore the King, in a 1272. Parliament holden at London, by the Confent of the whole Reprefenta. Robert tive Body of the Realm, returned a Winchelcopious Defence of his whole Pro- fey, A. B. ceedings, with Proteftations, firft, of Cant. That he did not exhibit any Thing as in Form of Judgment, or Tryal of bis Caufe, but for Satisfaction of his holy Fatherhood's Confcience, and not otherwise. And because the Pope required that the King fhould ftand to his Decifion for Matter of Claim, the Earls and Peers (to whom the King wholly referred it) with one Mind directly fignified, That their King was not to answer in Judgment for any Rights of the Crown of England, before any Tribunal under Heaven, and that he should not (by fending Deputies and Attornies to fuch an End) make the faid Truth doubtful, because it manifeftly tended to the Difinherifon of the faid Crown; which, with the Help of God, they would refolutely, and with all their Power, maintain against all Men. To which they all (being 100 Peers) fubfcribed their Names. Dated at Lincoln, 1301. The Names of the worthy Patriots who withstood Papal Ufurpation. JOHN, Earl of Warren; Thomas Earl of Lancafter; Ralph de Monthermer, Earl of Gloucefler and Hereford; Humphrey de Bobun, Earl of Hertford and Effex; Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk; Guy, Earl of Warwick; Richard, Earl of Arundel; Adomer de Valence, Lord of Monterney; Henry de Lancaster, Lord of Monmouth; John de Haftings, Lord of Bergavenny; Henry de Percy, Ld. of Top life; Edmund de Mortymer, Lord of Wigmore; Robert Fitz Walter, Ld. of Wadham; John de St. John, Ld. of Hannake; Hugh de Vere, Lord of Swaneftampe; William de Breufe, Ld. of Gower; Robert de Montbault, Lord of Howarden; Robert de Tateball, Lord of Wokebam; Reinold de Grey, Lord of Ruthin; Henry de Grey, Lord of Codnore; Hugh Bardolph, Lord of Wormgay; Robert de Clifford, Chatellain of Appleby; Peter de Mallowe, Lord of Mulgreen; Philip, Lord of Kime; Robert Fitz Roger, Lord of Claverings ; John de G 4 Mo 1272. Moham, Lord of Duneftar; Elmeriche de St. Edmund, Lord of Widebay; William de Ferrers, Lord of Groby; Alane de Zouch, Lord of Afbby Theobald de Verdon, Lord of Webberly; Thomas de Furnival, Lord of Schefield,; Thomas de Multon, Lord of Egremont; William Latimer, Lord of Torby Thomas, Lord Berkley Foulk Fitz Warren, Lord of Metingham; John, Lord Segrave; Edmund de Eincourt, Lord of Thurgerton; Peter Corbet, Lord Caus; William de Contelow, Lord of Ravensthorpe; John de Beauchamp, Lord of Hache; Roger de Mortimer, Lord of Pentethlin; John Fitz Reinold, Lord of Blenleveny; Ralph de Nevil, Lord of Raby; Brian Fitz Alane, Lord of Bedale; William Marshal, Lord of Hengham; Walter, Lord Hunter come; William Martin, Lord of Cameis; Henop de Thies, Lord of Chilton; Roger le Ware, Lord of Ifefield; John de Rivers, Lord of Angre; Galter Hall; Nicholas de Segrave, Lord of Stowe; Walter de Tey, Lord of Stonegrave; John de Lifle, Lord of Wedton; Euftace, Lord Hacche; Gilbert Peche, Lord of Corby; William Painell, Lord of Trachington; Roger de Albo Monasberio, Fulk de Strange, Lord of Corsham; Henry de Pinkeney, Lord of Wedon; John de Hodelefton, Lord of Aners; John de Hunting field, Lord of Brandenham; Hugh Fitz Henry, Lord of Ravenfwath; John Daleton, Lord of Spole; Nicholas de Carru, Lord of Mulesford; Thomas, Lord de la Roche; Walter de Mouncie. Lord of Thornton; John, Lord of King flon; Robert Hafling, the Father, Lord of Cheleffey; Ralph Lord Grendon; William, Lord Leibourne; John de Greyfrock, Lord of Morpeth; Matthew Fitz-John, Lord Stokenham; Nicholas de Nevil, Loid of Wherlton; and John de Painel, Lord of Ateli. Reynold, John de Lancaster, Lord of Grifdale; POPE Boniface VIII perceiving A. B. of Cant. Lannier Robert Fitz Henry Tregoze, Lord of Caringes; Robert Hipard, Lord of Lumford; Walter, Lord Falconbridge; John Strange, Lord of Cnokin; Robert Strange, Lord of Elfemere; Thomas de Chances, Lord of Norton; Walter de Beauchampe, Lord of Alcefter; Richard Talbot, Lord of Ecclefwell; John Butetourt, Lord of Mendefham; John Engaim, Lord of Colam; Hugh de Poinz, Lord of Camualet; Adam, Lord of Wells; Simon, Lord Montacute; John, Lord Sulle; John de Melles, Lord of Candebury; Edmond, Baron Stafford; John Level, Lord of Hackings Edmond de Hafings, Lord of Elchunbonokes; Ralph Fitz Williams, Lord of Grinthorpe ; Robert de Scales, Lord of Neufells; William Tuchet, Lord of Lewenhales; John Abadan, Lord of Doverfione; John de Haverings, Lord of Grafton; Robert la Ward, Lord of White ; thefe high Refolutions, and having enough to do with the King of France, left the Scots to look to themfelves as well as they could; over whom King Edward had appointed the valiant Lord Segrave Cuftos; but notwithstanding his Valour, the Scots discomfited him, and took him Prifoner, whom Sir Robert de Neville rescued, as alfo the Reft of the Prisoners, without the Lcfs of one Man of his own. When the Report of this Success of the Scots came to Edward's Ears, he went in Perfon with a great Army, piercing therewith thro' all Scotland, from Roxborough to Caithness, beirg about three hundred Miles, not an Enemy appearing with Power to obftruct him, but all either fubmitting or betaking themselves, with their Captain Wallis, to the Woods and Mountains. King Edward, af ter he had fettled Affairs in that Na Nation to the best Conveniency, returned to London, whither not long after, Captain Wallis, a Knight's Son, having been betrayed, was brought Prifoner, and at Weminfier, for Treafon, and other Crimes tried, found guilty, and adjudged to Death; which Sentence was executed on him and his Quarters fet up in divers Parts of Scotland. Af ter this Man's Death, generous Bruce (who attained the Crown of Sestland) headed his Countrymen the Scots, and was put to Flight by Aymery de Valence, and forced into the utmoft Ifles of Scotland, where for a while he lived in great Difirefs, till feeing his Time, he appeared again in an hoftile Manner in Scotland, doing many Things above the Opinion of his Means. This induced martial King Edward to advance towards Scotland, but in his March he fell fick at Carlife, where (among other Things given in Charge) he commanded his Son Edward that he should be induftrious in carrying on his Defign against the Scots, and that he fhould carry his Skeleton along with him thro' the Scottish Nation: For, faid the King, Whilft thou baft my Bones with thee, nfhall be able to overcame thee. He likewife commanded the Prince, on Pain of his Curfe, not without common Confent, to recal Pierce Gavefton, who for a bufing the Prince's tender Years with wicked Vanities, by common Decree, was banished. He charged the Prince too, That he should fend his Heart into the Holy Land, accompanied with 140 Knights, and their Retinues, for whofe Support he had provided thirty two Thoufand Founds of Silver. Laftly, he charged him, that upon Pain of eternal Damnation, the faid Monies fhould not be expended upon any other Ufes. This heroick King died of a Dysentery at Burgh upon Sands, 1272. When the King took his long and ring 1307. ring-Cross, and adorned with her Arms of Caftile, Leon, and the County of Ponthou, which by her Right was annexed to the Crown of England. 'Tis faid, that he built Hull in Yorkshire, which was afterwards beautify'd with fair Buildings by Michael de la Pole, Earl of Suf folk. In the Eighth Year of his Reign, he fent out his Writ Quo Warranto, to examine by what Title Men held their Lands, which brought him in much Money, till John Earl of Warren being called to fhew his Title, drew out an old rufty Sword, and faid, he held his Land by that, and by that would hold it till his Death. In a Synod holden at Reading, it was ordained, That no Ecclefiaftical Perfon should have more than one Benefice, to which belonged the Cure of Souls. There were executed at London 297 Jews at one Time, for defacing the King's Coin. A. D. 1288, was the Summer fo exceffive hot, that many Men died with the Extremity thereof, and yet Wheat was fold at London for three Shillings four Pence the Quarter. Now flourished Roger Bacon, a Francifcan Frier, an excellent Philofopher and Mathematician. A.D. 1307. E EDWARD II. Dward, called Caernar von, after that he had provided for the Affairs of Scotland, and had Homage done him by many of the Scottish Lords at Dumfries, he next took unjuft Revenge on Walter Langton, Bishop of Chefter, by imprifoning him, and feizing all his Temporal Goods and Credits: becaufe that in his Father King Edward's Life-time, the Bishop had gravely reproved him for his Mifdemeanors, and had complained of Pierce Gavefton, whereon enfued young Edward's Imprisonment, and Gaveston's Banifhment. Then he failed into France, where, at Boleine with wonderful Magnificence he was married to young Ifabel, Daughter of Philip the Fair; and at his Return for England, brought back with him his beloved Minion Pierce Gavefton, who was a Gentleman Stranger brought up with him. Which Gaveflon the King fuffered now to lord it over the Chief Nobles, to fill the Court with Buffoons and Parafites, and the like pernicious Inftruments, tó wafte the Wealth of the Kingdom in Revellings and riotous Courfes, to tranfport Riches into foreign Parts, beftowing upon him his own Jewels, and Ancestors Treafures, and even the Crown it felf of his victorious Father. Not fticking to profefs, that if it lay in his Power, he should fucceed him in the Kingdom, being wholly ruled by him. Therefore to reprefs Gaveflon's Exorbitances, the Lords in Parliament procured (though with no Goodwill of the King) that Gavefton Earl of Cornwall fhould be perpetually banished, they gratifying the King with a Subfidy of the 20th Part of the Subjects Goods. Howbeit fhortly after, the King, contrary to his Oath made unto the Parliament, called Earl Gavefton Home out of Ireland, himfelf meeting him at Flint Cafle, and then bestowing on bim to Wife, Joan of Acres, Coan. tefs of Gloucefter, his Sifter's Daugh ter; |