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PRONUNCIATION.

THE Vowels are to be pronounced as in Italian, except 1 á, which is sounded broad as in the word awe.

z Ḥá, a strong pectoral aspirate.

¿ Khá, a guttural, something like the Scotch ch in loch. Zhé, like the French j in jour.

Tá, a hard palatal t.

ain, is a guttural vowel.

¿ Ghain, is a guttural sound something between gh and r. Káf, like ck in stuck pronounced very gutturally.

Gáf, like the English g, but always hard before all vowels, asgi, ghee not jee. The Persians frequently pronounce it with a slight y sound, like the Cockney mode of pronouncing the g in garden, "gyarden." When it occurs between two vowels it is often sounded like y, as, pronounced éyer.

› Há, at the end of words is frequently silent. Otherwise it is sounded like the English h in hat.

, although differing widely in Arabic are all pronounced in Persian like the English z in zone.

Similarly are all pronounced s.

ص س

The other consonants are pronounced as in English.

The capital letters before each word refer to the language to which it belongs, A. Arabic, P. Persian, H. Hindustani, G. Greek, T. Turkish.

A CONCISE DICTIONARY.

PERSIAN AND ENGLISH.

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A. abahir. The feathers and quills of a bird, pl. of

abhar

ternal.

Being warm, sultry; swelled with drinking.

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P. blábád. A city; popu- water-pot. lous, cultivated.

P. lll ábádán. Flourishing, populous, cultivated, inhabited.

A. libtár. Docking the tail, curtailing.

A. Jibtida. Beginning

commencement.

[blocks in formation]

A.

trial.

.ibtisam ابتسام

A smile,

ibtilá. Temptation,

A. & ibtila. Devouring, swallowing.

A. ibtiná. Building, constructing.

A. ibtihaj. Gladness, alacrity, cheerfulness. A. El ibtiya. Buying. A. Jibtihál. Supplication. A. abjad. The Arabic alphabet arranged in numerical order.

A. abhur. Seas. pl. of bahr.

P. A. abi haiyát. The water of immortality, nectar. A. abkhur. Vapours, perfumes.

A. Jabkhal. most avaricious.

More or

P. ábkh'urd. Livelihood.

P.

ibda ابداء

creating.

Beginning,

P. lábdár. Succulent, juicy, lustrous. A servant who attends to the provisions on a journey.

A.

.ibda ابداع

Producing

halting, limping (as cattle from something new, inventing; also fatigue).

A. J abdál. Mysterious beings who preside over the spheres. Hermits, saints, pious

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A. abr. A puncture; sting of a scorpion.

A. librá. Setting free, acquitting.

A.

.ibrah ابراح

Self-comábkh'ura. A cup placency, pride; honouring,

for drinking water.

P. Sábkh'uri. Halter, a watering place.

A. abad. An age; eternity without end.

surprising.

A. ibrár. Justification, acquittal.

A. abrár. Just, pious men. Pl. of barr.

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