LONGMANS, GREEN AND CO.

55 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

39, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON

1927

Made in Great Britain. All rights reserved

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§ 1. The Discovery of Titanium (1); § 2. The Occurrence of Titanium (2); § 3. The

Extraction of Titania (6); § 4. The Preparation of Titanium (8); § 5. The Physical

Properties of Titanium (14); § 6. The Chemical Properties of Titanium (18);

§ 7. The Titanium Oxides and Hydroxides (27); § 8. The Titanates (50); § 9. The

Higher Oxides of Titanium-Pertitanates and Hypertitanates (63); § 10. Titanium

Fluorides (66); § 11. Hydrofluotitanic Acid, and the Fluotitanates (69); § 12.

Titanium Chlorides (74); § 13. Titanium Bromides (87); § 14. Titanium Iodides

(89); § 15. The Titanium Sulphides (90); § 16. The Titanium Sulphates (91);

§ 17. Titanium Carbonates, Nitrates, and Phosphates (96).

CHAPTER XLII

ZIRCONIUM

§ 1. History of Zirconium (98); § 2. The Occurrence of Zirconium (99); § 3. The

Extraction of Zirconia from the Minerals (101); § 4. The Preparation of Zirconium

(106); § 5. The Physical Properties of Zirconium (110); § 6. The Chemical

Properties of Zirconium (114); § 7. The Zirconium Oxides (123); § 8. The

Zirconates (134); § 9. Zirconium Fluoride, and the Fluozirconates (137); § 10.

Zirconium Chlorides and Chlorozirconates (143); § 11. Zirconium Bromides and

Iodides (149); § 12. Zirconium Sulphides and Sulphates (152); § 13. Zirconium

Carbonates (160); § 14. Zirconium Nitrates (161); § 15. Zirconium Phosphates (163).

CHAPTER XLIII

HAFNIUM

§ 1. The History of Hafnium and Celtium (166); § 2. The Occurrence of Hafnium

(166); § 3. The Extraction of Hafnia (167); § 4. Hafnium and its Properties (170);

§ 5. The Salts of Hafnium (170).

CHAPTER XLIV

THORIUM

§ 1. The History and Occurrence of Thorium (174); § 2. The Extraction of Thoria (178);

§ 3. The Radioactivity of Thorium (184); § 4. The Preparation and Properties of

Thorium (203); § 5. The Incandescent Mantle (213); § 6. Thorium Oxides and

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Hydroxides (220); § 7. Thorium Fluorides (227); § 8. Thorium Chlorides (228);

§ 9. Thorium Bromides (236); § 10. Thorium Iodides (238); § 11. Thorium Sul-

phides (239); § 12. Thorium Sulphates (240); § 13. Thorium Carbonates (248);

§ 14. Thorium Nitrates (249); § 15. Thorium Phosphates (252).

CHAPTER XLV

GERMANIUM

§ 1. The Discovery and Occurrence of Germanium (254); § 2. The Extraction and

Preparation of Germanium (256); § 3. The Properties of Germanium (258); § 4.

Germanium Hydrides (263); § 5. The Germanium Oxides and Hydroxides (265);

§ 6. The Germanium Fluorides (268); § 7. The Germanium Chlorides (269); § 8.

Germanium Bromide and Iodides (271); § 9. The Germanium Sulphides (273).

CHAPTER XLVI

TIN

§ 1. The History of Tin (276); § 2. The Occurrence of Tin (280); § 3. The Extraction

and Purification of Tin (286); § 4. The Physical Properties of Tin (295); § 5. The

Chemical Properties of Tin (323); § 6. The Alloys of Tin with the Alkali Metals

(344); § 7. The Alloys of Tin and Copper (347); § 8. Alloys of Tin with Silver and

Gold (368); § 9. Alloys of Tin with the Metals of the Alkaline Earths, and of the

Zinc Family (372); § 10. Alloys of Tin with Aluminium, Indium, Thallium, and

Cerium (383); § 11. Stannous Oxide and Hydroxide (386); § 12. Stannic Oxide

(394); § 13. The Stannic Hydroxides; and the Stannic and Perstannic Acids (404);

§ 14. The Stannates (414); § 15. The Fluorides of Tin and the Fluostannates (422);

§ 16. The Stannous Chlorides (424); § 17. The Stannic Chlorides (436); § 18. The

Stannous Bromides (452); § 19. The Stannic Bromides (454); § 20. The Stannous

Iodides (457); § 21. The Stannic Iodides (462); § 22. Stannous Sulphides (465);

§ 23. Stannic Sulphide (469); § 24. The Sulphos tannates or Thiostannates (473);

§ 25. The Tin Sulphates (477); § 26. Tin Carbonates (480); § 27. Tin Nitrates

(480); § 28. The Tin Phosphates (481).

CHAPTER XLVII

LEAD

§ 1. The History of Lead (484); § 2. The Occurrence of Lead (487); § 3. The Extraction

of Lead (495); § 4. The Physical Properties of Lead (515); § 5. The Chemical

Properties of Lead (561); § 6. The Valency and Atomic Weight of Lead (600);

§ 7. The Alloys of Lead with the Alkali Metals (606); § 8. The Alloys of Lead

with Copper, Silver, and Gold (609); § 9. Alloys of Lead with the Metals of the

Alkaline Earths, and of the Magnesium-Zinc Family (613); § 10. Alloys of Lead

with Aluminium, Indium, Thallium, and Tin (624); § 11. Lead Suboxide, or

Hemioxide (636); § 12. Lead Monoxide (638); § 13. The Physical Properties of

Lead Monoxide (644); § 14. The Chemical Properties of Lead Monoxide (650);

§ 15. Lead Hydroxides (661); § 16. The Plumbites (665); § 17. The Higher Oxides

of Lead (669); § 18. Red-lead, or Minium (672); § 19. Lead Dioxide (681); § 20.

The Plumbates (695); § 21. Lead Fluorides (701); § 22. Lead Chlorides (706);

§ 23. Complex Salts with the Lead Chlorides - Chloroplumbites (725); § 24.

Chloroplumbates (734); § 25. Lead Oxychlorides (736); § 26. Lead Bromides (745);